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"The book presents a history of classical mechanics by focusing on issues of equilibrium. The historical point of view adopted here restricts attention to cases where the effectiveness of forces is assessed on the basis of the virtual motion of their points of application. For completeness, hints of the alternative approach are also referred, the Archimedean for ancient mechanics and the Newtonian for modern mechanics. The laws resulting from consideration of virtual motions are named laws of virtual work. The modern formulations of the principle of virtual work are only a particular form of them."

"Shah focuses on two individually well-understood notions, collaboration and information seeking, with the goal of bringing them together to show how it is a natural tendency for humans to work together on complex tasks. The first part of his book introduces the general notions of collaboration and information seeking, as well as related concepts, terminology, and frameworks, and thus provides the reader with a comprehensive treatment of the concepts underlying CIS. The second part of the book details CIS as a standalone domain. A series of frameworks, theories, and models are introduced to provide a conceptual basis for CIS. The final part describes several systems and applications of CIS, along with their broader implications on other fields such as computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) and human-computer interaction (HCI)."

"Physical work environment is one of factor that influence performance worker, but this is rarely main attention industry, especially for worker as operator when he done. This happened in PT (Persero) Pelabuhan Indonesia III that manage container transportation with Gantry Crane, from shipping in Tanjung Mas Semarang. The problem in this case was operator time work not maximal, so target didn't reach. It was happen because physical work environment not ergonomic, such high temperature in room, level sound from machine very high, brightness is very high. Based on condition above, this research has goal to design physical work environment in operator room Gantry Crane. The design concern several aspects, such level sound from machine, temperature, and brightness in operator room. Method of this research is factorial experiment design with 3 factors (axbxc), use I 0 times replications. Data analysis used analysis variance (ANAVA) with F statistical at level I % and 5%. From the result analysis, it can be conclusions that improve level sound from machine, temperature, and brightness in operator room give influence to average operator time work in Gantry Crane. Operator works with optimal time work in temperature 24 - 26 UC, intensity fighting I 300-I 500liumen, use ear plug, and improve facility air conditioner (AC)."