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"Eksplorasi mikroalga di kawasan perairan kampus Universitas Indonesia, telah dilakukan sejak tahun 1989 sampai 2005. Eksplorasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mendata kekayaan jenis-jenis mikroalga di kawasan tersebut (Situ Kenanga, Situ Agathis. Situ Mahoni, Situ Puspa, Situ Ulin, dan Situ Salam). Penelitian bersifat deskriptif. Dari keenam Situ yang ada, Situ Kenanga dan Situ Agathis merupakan habitat yang kaya dengan jenis-jenis mikroalga dari kelompok Cyanobacteria dan Chlorophyta- Sekurang-kurangnya terdapat 40 marga dapat ditemukan di kedua situ tersebut. Marga-marga tersebut terdiri atas 10 genera dari Cyanobacteria dan 30 genera dari Chlorophyta, Marga-marga Cyanobacteria yang umum ditemukan adalah Oscitlatoria (3 jenis), dan Microcystis (1 jenis). Sedangkan jenis-jenis Chlorophyta yang umum ditemukan adalah Scenedesmus (4 jenis), Chlorella, Pediastrum (2 jenis), Pandorina, dan Coelastrum (2 jenis). Beberapa jenis mikroalga yang ditemukan meiimpah pada beberapa tahun yang lalu diketahui mulai sulit ditemukan, antara lain Anabaena, Anabaenopsis. Gloeocapsa, Lyngbia. Ankistrodesmus, Arthrodesmus, Bulbochaete, Pithopora. Pleodorina, dan Zygnema. Keberadaan beberapa jenis mikroalga asli (indigenous species) dari perairan Ul semakin sulit ditemukan. Oleh karena itu. konservasi ex situ penting segera direalisasi untuk mencegah hilangnya jenis-jenis mikroalga asli dari perairan kampus UI. Depok.

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Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta of Kenanga and Agathis Lake of Indonesia University, Depok: The exploration of microalgae from water area of University of Indonesia (UI) campus was done since 1989 to 2005. Exploration was done to understand and collect the data of microalgae genus richness from this area (Kenanga, Agathis, Mahoni. Puspa, Ulin, dan Salam lake). The research was descriptive study. Among the six lakes locating at Ul, Kenanga dan Agathis lakes are rich habitat of microalgae species of Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta. At least there are 40 genera found at those two (2) lakes. Those are 10 genera of Cyanobacteria and 30 genera of Chlorophyta. Cyanobacteria genera which commonly found are Oscillatoria (3 species) dan Microcystis (1 species). Common Chlorophyta genera, whereas, are Scenedesmus (4 species), Chlorella, Pediastrum (2 species), Pandorina. dan Coelastrum (2 species). Some genera, which found abandontly several years ago, are known difficult to be found, such as Anabaena, Anabaenopsis, Gloeocapsa, Lyngbia, Ankistrodesmus, Arthrodesmus, Bulbochaete, Pithopora, Pleodorina, and Zygnema. The occurance of several indigenous species microalgae from UI area are difficult to be found more and more. Because of that, the ex-situ conservation is important to realize immediately to prevent dissapearance of indigenous species microalgae from waters area of UI campus, Depok."

"Telah dilakukan eksplorasi mikroalga laut di perairan Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu pada bulan September 2004. Penelitian merupakan studi pendahuluan dalam suatu rangkaian penelitian eksplorasi mikroalga?termasuk isolasi dan koleksi?dalam rangka pemanfaatan sumber daya miroalga yang berkesinambungan. Penelitian dilakukan di perairan Pulau Pramuka dengan titik pengambilan sesuai arah mata angin (utara, timur, selatan, barat) Pulau Pramuka. Pada pengamatan awal diketahui 20 genus ditemukan di perairan Pulau Pramuka yaitu dari divisi Cyanophyta/ Cyanobacteria (1 genus), Chromophyta kelas Bacillariophyceae (16 genus), dan Dinophyta (3 genus). Mikroalga lain yang merupakan anggota 3 divisi tersebut di atas dan anggota Chlorophyta serta Haptophyta juga ditemukan, tetapi belum dapat diidentifikasi karena berukuran sangat kecil. Penelitian lanjutan mengenai keanekaragaman mikroalga masih sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengetshui studi flora mikroalga di Kepulauan Seribu dengan lebih teliti dan rinci.

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Preliminary Study on Marine Microalgae from Pramuka Island Waters, Thousand Islands: The

exploration on marine microalgae from Pramuka Island waters has been done on September 2004. The research is one of the parts of microalgae exploration researches?including isolation and collection?that aim to invent and apply the advantages of microafgae as natural resources, continuously. The sampling site based on the compass direction i.e. north, east, south, and west of Pramuka Island. In the first examination have been found 20 genera from 3 divisions could be found in Pramuka Island waters. Those are 1 genus of Cyanophyta/ Cyanobacteria, 16 genus of Bacillariophyceae of Chromophyta, and 3 genus of Dinophyta. Other microalgae from those three divisions and Chlorophyta and Haptophyta also can be found but still very difficult to be identify, because the microalgae is very tiny. Continued research on microalgae diversity still need to be done in order to better understanding the floristic study of microalgae from Thousand Islands."

"Limbah minyak bumi dapat menghambat atau mengurangi transmisi cahaya matahari ke dalam laut. Hal tersebut dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikro alga yang memanfaatkan cahaya matahari untuk melakukan fotosintesis. Limbah tersebut dapat menghasilkan material toksik yang akan terakumulasi pada sedimen yang tercemar minyak bumi.Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan 6 perlakuandan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian adalah sedimen dengan penambahan minyak (A), sedimen yang tercemar minyak yang dibioremediasi dengan penambahan kultur tunggal bakteri (B), sedimen tercemar minyak yang dibioremediasi dengan penambahan konsorsium bakteri (C), sedimen yang tercemar minyak yang dibioremediasi dengan penambahan pupuk (D), sedimen yang tercemar minyak dengan penambahan kultur tunggal bakteri dan pupuk (E), dan sedimen tercemar minyak yang dibioremediasi dengan penambahan konsorsium bakteri dan pupuk (F).Kontrol yang digunakan adalah air laut yang sudah diautoklaf dan ditambahkan media WalnenonEDTA. Data yang didapat kemudian dihitung menggunakan program TOXSTAT yangber basis ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sedimen tercemar minyak tidak secara signifikan memengaruhi pertumbuhan Pavlovasp.

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Crude oil waste can detain or reduce the penetration of sunlight into the sea. This may decelerate the growth of microalgae that needs the sunlight to make photosynthesis. Crude oil waste can produce toxic materials which accumulate in the crude oil contaminated sediment. This is an experimental research with 6 treatment and 3 replicates. The treatments in this experiment are sediment with crude oil (A), bioremediated crude oil-contaminated sediment with the addition of single culture bacteria (B), bioremediated crude oil-contaminated sediment with the addition of consortium bacteria (C), bioremediated crude oil-contaminated sediment with the addition of fertilizer (D), bioremediated crudeoil-contaminated sediment with the addition of single culture bacteria and fertilizer (E), and bioremediated crudeoil-contaminated sediment with the addition of consortium bacteria and fertilizer. Control in this experiment was auto claved sea water with the addition of Walnemedianon EDTA. The data was calculated using TOXSTAT program which is based on the ANOVA. Result shows that the crude oil contaminated sediment does not affect the growth of Pavlovasp significantly."

"Media culture is one of the important factors in the growth of mivroalgae. Culture medium contains macro and micro nutrition required for the growth of microalgae. Composition of nutrition concentrations determine the production of microalgae biomass and nutrient content. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of medium composition of media for microalgae Scenedesmus sp. This study was conducted in a laboratory scale. The growth medium that were used in this tudy were BBL sm, SS, MN, M4N, "Sederhana 2", and "Sederhana 3" medium. The microalgae that were used in this study were mixed culture Chlorophyceae microalgae which is dominated by scenedesmus sp. The parameters observed were pH, optical density (OD), cell density and temperature. the results show that of the 6 variations of the growth medium used in this study M4N medium is the best medium for the growth of microalgae. At the end of the operation, cell density of Scenedesmus sp. from M4N medium was 306.83 x 106 cell/ML with a dark green color for the culture. The coefficient growth of Scenedesmus sp. which is grown in M4N medium was 0,36. This is likely to be due to the composition of nutrients in the medium M4N which were more complete than other media."

"Asam dokosaheksanoat (DHA) merupakan asam lemak omega-3 esensial yang berperan penting terhadap kerja otak, jaringan saraf serta retina. Saat ini, mikroalga mendapat perhatian sebagai sumber alternatif yang potensial dalam menghasilkan asam lemak omega-3, yang biasanya didapatkan dari produk ikan. Sebagai sumber DHA konvensional, minyak ikan memiliki kandungan DHA yang rendah, yang dapat memicu penangkapan ikan berlebihan (over fishing) apabila dibutuhkan jumlah DHA yang banyak. Mikroalga Thraustocytrids ditengarai sebagai mikroalga yang sangat potensial dalam menghasilkan DHA.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat mikroalga Thraustocytrids yang mampu menghasilkan (DHA). Mikroalga Thraustochytrids diisolasi dari guguran daun mangrove yang terletak di Kawasan Mangrove Lampung dengan metode direct planting. Mikroalga yang tumbuh diamati morfologinya dengan mikroskop cahaya. Koloni Thraustochytrids yang tumbuh dipurifikasi hingga dihasilkan koloni tunggal yang selanjutnya diperbanyak dan dibuat biomassanya. Asam lemak diekstraksi dan dimetilasi dengan metode direct transesterification serta diidentifikasi kandungan DHAnya dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Gas- Spektrofotometri Massa.Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan terdapat DHA pada sampel minyak mikroalga Thraustochytrids. Keberadaan DHA dipastikan oleh kecocokan fragmentasi massa DHA sampel dan fragmentasi massa DHA pada database spektrum massa NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology).

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for the proper functioning of the brain, neural tissues and retina. In recent years, microalgae have gained attention as a potential alternative source of omega-3 fatty acid, which are commonly sourced from fish stocks. Fish stocks, as the conventional source of DHA have a very low concentration of DHA, which could bring overfishing issue as an impact of getting a high concentration of DHA. Thraustochytrids is known as a potential microalgae source of DHA.

The purpose of this study is to isolate a Thraustochytrids microalgae that can produce DHA. Thraustochytrids microalgae were isolated from fallen mangrove leaves at Lampung Mangrove Zone with direct planting technique. The morphology of growing microalgae was observed with light microscope. The growing Thraustochytrids colony was purified until a single colony was obtained. The selected colony was cultured and was dried to make its biomass. Fatty acid was extracted and methylated using direct transesterification method. The presence of DHA in microalgae isolate was identified with Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometer.

The result of DHA identification proved that the isolate of Thraustochytrids microalgae was contained DHA. The presence of DHA in the microalgae oil sample was confirmed by the similarity of DHA mass fragmentation in the sample and DHA mass fragmentation in NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Library Database."

"Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in water column oj a waterbody are important nutrient Jor the growth ofphytoplankton. Based on literature, it was noted that the NIP ratio in a waterbody can be useful as a diagnostic tool Jor assessing the types of algae likely to exist under different condition. it was also said that a low NIP ratio between 2 - 10, community phytoplankton would be dominated by Cyanophyta (blue green algae) group. in applying in cascade reservoirs at Citarum River Basin indicated there is a particular link between NIP ratio and the tendency oj phytoplankton population dominating the reservoirs. in Jatiluhur Reservoir, the total N to total P ratio (TNITP) is low around 4 and the phytoplankton communities are dominated by Pyrrophyta group with species Ceratium hirudinella. On the contrary, the low TNITP ratio in Saguling and Cirata Reservoirs show that the reservoirs are dominated by Cyanophyta group."

"Microalgae can bring solution for reducing CO2 and as alternative sustainable energy source. CO2 reduction by microalgae was done by fixation of CO2 during photosynthesis while they grow. The objective of the study is to get pH condition from CO2 injection into cultivated microalga that gives better productivity of biomass"

"Mikroalga merupakan solusi alternatif untuk menyelesaikan masalah kekurangan gizi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar protein dan asam amino pada mikroalga Scenedesmus sp dan Coelastrum sp. Kadar protein diukur menggunakan metode Biuret dan kurva standar BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) yang diukur pada panjang gelombang 540 nm.Hasil pengukuran kadar protein dengan metode Biuret didapatkan persentase proteinnya yaitu 4.16 % untuk mikroalga Scenedesmus sp dan 1.64 % untuk mikroalga Coelastrum sp. Penentuan kandungan asam amino dilakukan menggunakan metode KCKT (Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi).Hasil analisis kandungan asam amino menunjukkan hasil bahwa asam amino esensial leusin merupakan asam amino esensial yang memiliki kandungan terbanyak pada mikroalga Coelastrum sp dan pada mikroalga Scenedesmus sp asam amino esensial lisin merupakan asam amino yang memiliki kandungan terbanyak. Sedangkan untuk kandungan asam amino non esensial diperoleh hasil bahwa asam amino glutamat merupakan asam amino yang memiliki kandungan terbanyak pada mikroalga Scenedesmus sp dan Coelastrum sp.Pada penelitian ini dilakukan juga perhitungan jumlah sel alga dengan metode kapasitansi dimana hasil perhitungan dibandingkan dengan perhitungan jumlah sel menggunakan Counting chamber dan nilai absorbansi dengan spektrofotometer, dan didapatkan perbandingan yang sama dari besar kapasitansi, jumlah sel, dan absorbansi.

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Microalgae is an alternative solution to solve the problem of the lack of nutrient in Indonesia. The aims of this research is to determine protein concentration and amino acids in the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and Coelastrum sp. Measurument of protein concentration using the Biuret method with a standard curve of BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) is measured at a wavelength of 540 nm.

The results of protein obtained with Biuret method is 4.16% to microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and 1.64% for microalgae Coelastrum sp. Determination of the amino acid is done using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography).

Results of the analysis of amino acid content shows that the highest essential amino acid of microalgae coelastrum sp is leucine, and lysine is the highest essential amino acid of microalgae scenedesmus sp. And glutamic is the highest non-essential amino acid of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and Coelastrum sp.

In this research, we also calculate the number of algal cells with a capacitance method in which the calculation results as compared with the calculation of the number of cells using the Counting chamber and absorbance values with a spectrophotometer, and obtained the same proportion of large capacitance, the number of cells, and absorbance."