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"Pada awalnya imunologi dianggap tidak memiliki peran dalam penyakit kanker, namunberbagai penelitian saat ini telah membuktikan bahwa sel imun tubuh dapat menghambatperkembangan sel kanker. Sel imun yang diketahui berperan dalam mematikan sel tumoradalah sel limfosit T sitotoksik CD4+ dan CD8+.Reseptor PD-1 atau programmed death 1 ligand (CD279) sebagai molekul yang bersifatmensupresi proses imunologi dihasilkan pada membran plasma sel T dan jika berikatandengan PD-L1 akan menekan respon imun, ekspresi berlebihan dari PD-L1 akanmenekan respons dari sel imun terutama sel limfosit T.Saat ini rasio neutrofil-limfosit (NLR) darah dikenal sebagai salah satu petanda untukprognosis maupun prediktor dalam terapi kanker. Peningkatan jumlah neutrofil di darahperifer merupakan petanda dari inflamasi kronik yang menunjukkan gangguan dariimunitas seluler, sedangkan jumlah limfosit darah menunjukkan respons dari sel Tsitotoksik yang baik.Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara NLR pra radiasidengan PD-L1 ELISA pasca radiasi (p=0.010) sehingga NLR pra radiasi dapat digunakansebagai prediktor untuk PD-L1 ELISA pasca radiasi. Tidak ditemukan hubungansignifikan antara PD-L1 intratumoral ELISA dengan sebukan limfosit stromal tumor,namun terdapat kecenderungan hubungan negatif antara PD-L1 intratumoral ELISAdengan sebukan limfosit stromal tumor pasca radiasi.

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Decades ago immunology was not considered to have role in cancer, but various studieshave now proven that immune cells can inhibit the development of cancer cells. Immunecells that are known to play a role in killing tumor cells are CD4 + and CD8 + cytotoxicT cells.PD-1 receptor or programmed death 1 ligand (CD279) as a molecule that suppresses theimmunological process produced on the T cell plasma membrane and it binds to PD-L1will suppress the immune response, thus excessive expression of PD-L1 will suppressthe response of immune cells especially T cell lymphocytesRecently the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is known as one of the markers for theprognosis and predictor of cancer therapy. An increase in the number of neutrophils inperipheral blood is a sign of chronic inflammation which shows a disruption of cellularimmunity, whereas the number of blood lymphocytes shows a response from normalcytotoxic T cells.This study showed that there was a significant correlation between pre-EBRT NLR andpost EBRT PD-L1 ELISA (p = 0.010) so that pre-EBRT NLR could be used as a predictorfor post EBRT PD-L1 ELISA. No significant relationship was found betweenintratumoral PD-L1 ELISA with a tumor stromal lymphocyte, but there was a trend ofnegative relationship between intratumoral PD-L1 ELISA with a post-radiation tumorstromal lymphocyte"

"Latar Belakang. Pneumonia berat masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia dan dunia. Sistem imun diketahui memiliki peranan penting dalam patogenesis pneumonia, namun tidak banyak studi yang menilai hubungan antara kadar CD4 dan CD8 darah dengan mortalitas akibat pneumonia berat pada pasien dengan status HIV negatif.Tujuan. Mengetahui data hubungan dan nilai potong kadar CD4 dan CD8 darah dengan angka mortalitas 30 hari pada pasien pneumonia berat di RSCM. Metode. Penelitian berdesain kohort prospektif yang dilakukan di ruang rawat intensif RSCM periode Juni-Agustus 2020. Keluaran berupa kesintasan 30 hari, nilai titik potong optimal kadar CD4 dan CD8 darah untuk memprediksi mortalitas 30 hari dan risiko kematian. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kesintasan Kaplan-Meier, kurva ROC dan multivariat regresi Cox. Hasil. Dari 126 subjek, terdapat 1 subjek yang loss to follow up. Mortalitas 30 hari didapatkan 26,4%. Nilai titik potong optimal kadar CD4 darah 406 sel/μL (AUC 0,651, p=0,01, sensitivitas 64%, spesifisitas 61%) dan kadar CD8 darah 263 sel/μL (AUC 0,639, p=0,018, sensitivitas 62%, spesifisitas 58%). Kadar CD4 darah < 406 sel/μL memiliki crude HR 2,696 (IK 95% 1,298-5,603) dan kadar CD8 darah < 263 sel/μL memiliki crude HR 2,133 (IK 95% 1,035-4,392) dengan adjusted HR 2,721 (IK 95% 1,343-5,512). Bila sepsis dan tuberkulosis paru ditambahkan dengan kadar CD4 darah dan CD8 darah, didapatkan nilai AUC 0,752 (p=0,000). Kesimpulan. Kadar CD4 dan CD8 darah memiliki akurasi yang lemah dalam memprediksi mortalitas 30 hari pasien pneumonia berat. Kadar CD4 darah < 406 sel/μL dan kadar CD8 darah < 263 sel/μL memiliki risiko mortalitas 30 hari yang lebih tinggi.

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Background. Severe pneumonia is a major health problem in Indonesia and the world. The immune system is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pneumonia, but few studies have assessed the relationship between blood CD4 and CD8 count and mortality from severe pneumonia in patients with negative HIV status.

Objectives. Knowing the correlation data and the cut-off value of blood CD4 and CD8 count with a 30-days mortality rate in severe pneumonia patients at RSCM.

Methods. This study is a prospective cohort study conducted at RSCM intensive care rooms from June to August 2020. The outputs were 30-days survival rate, optimal cut-off value for blood CD4 and CD8 count to predict 30-days mortality and mortality risk. Data analysis used Kaplan-Meier survival, ROC curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results. Of the 126 subjects, there was 1 subject who lost to follow up. The 30-days mortality rate was 26.4%. The optimal cut-off value for blood CD4 count was 406 cells/μL (AUC 0.651, p=0.01, sensitivity 64%, specificity 61%), blood CD8 count was 263 cells/μL (AUC 0.639, p=0.018, sensitivity 62%, specificity 58%). CD4 blood count < 406 cells/μL had a crude HR of 2.696 (95% CI 1.298-5.603) and blood CD8 count < 263 cells/μL had a crude HR of 2.133 (95% CI 1.035-4.392) with an adjusted HR of 2.721 (CI 95% 1,343-5,512). If sepsis and pulmonary tuberculosis were added to the blood CD4 and CD8 count, the AUC value was 0.752 (p=0.000).

Conclusion. Blood CD4 and CD8 count had poor accuracy in predicting 30-days mortality in patients with severe pneumonia. The group with blood CD4 count < 406 cells/μL and blood CD8 count < 263 cells/μL had a higher risk of 30-days mortality."

"Latar Belakang: Pneumonia berat masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia dan dunia. Sistem imun diketahui memiliki peranan penting dalam patogenesis pneumonia, namun tidak banyak studi yang menilai hubungan antara kadar CD4 dan CD8 darah dengan mortalitas akibat pneumonia berat pada pasien dengan status HIV negatif. Tujuan: Mengetahui data hubungan dan nilai potong kadar CD4 dan CD8 darah dengan angka mortalitas 30 hari pada pasien pneumonia berat di RSCM. Metode: Penelitian berdesain kohort prospektif yang dilakukan di ruang rawat intensif RSCM periode Juni-Agustus 2020. Keluaran berupa kesintasan 30 hari, nilai titik potong optimal kadar CD4 dan CD8 darah untuk memprediksi mortalitas 30 hari dan risiko kematian. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kesintasan Kaplan-Meier, kurva ROC dan multivariat regresi Cox.Hasil: Dari 126 subjek, terdapat 1 subjek yang loss to follow up. Mortalitas 30 hari didapatkan 26,4%. Nilai titik potong optimal kadar CD4 darah 406 sel/μL (AUC 0,651, p=0,01, sensitivitas 64%, spesifisitas 61%) dan kadar CD8 darah 263 sel/μL (AUC 0,639, p=0,018, sensitivitas 62%, spesifisitas 58%). Kadar CD4 darah < 406 sel/μL memiliki crude HR 2,696 (IK 95% 1,298-5,603) dan kadar CD8 darah < 263 sel/μL memiliki crude HR 2,133 (IK 95% 1,035-4,392) dengan adjusted HR 2,721 (IK 95% 1,343-5,512). Bila sepsis dan tuberkulosis paru ditambahkan dengan kadar CD4 darah dan CD8 darah, didapatkan nilai AUC 0,752 (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Kadar CD4 dan CD8 darah memiliki akurasi yang lemah dalam memprediksi mortalitas 30 hari pasien pneumonia berat. Kadar CD4 darah < 406 sel/μL dan kadar CD8 darah < 263 sel/μL memiliki risiko mortalitas 30 hari yang lebih tinggi.

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Background: Severe pneumonia is a major health problem in Indonesia and the world. The immune system is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pneumonia, but few studies have assessed the relationship between blood CD4 and CD8 count and mortality from severe pneumonia in patients with negative HIV status.

Objectives: Knowing the correlation data and the cut-off value of blood CD4 and CD8 count with a 30-days mortality rate in severe pneumonia patients at RSCM. Methods. This study is a prospective cohort study conducted at RSCM intensive care rooms from June to August 2020. The outputs were 30-days survival rate, optimal cut-off value for blood CD4 and CD8 count to predict 30-days mortality and mortality risk. Data analysis used Kaplan-Meier survival, ROC curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results: Of the 126 subjects, there was 1 subject who lost to follow up. The 30- days mortality rate was 26.4%. The optimal cut-off value for blood CD4 count was 406 cells/μL (AUC 0.651, p=0.01, sensitivity 64%, specificity 61%), blood CD8 count was 263 cells/μL (AUC 0.639, p=0.018, sensitivity 62%, specificity 58%). CD4 blood count < 406 cells/μL had a crude HR of 2.696 (95% CI 1.298- 5.603) and blood CD8 count < 263 cells/μL had a crude HR of 2.133 (95% CI 1.035-4.392) with an adjusted HR of 2.721 (CI 95% 1,343-5,512). If sepsis and pulmonary tuberculosis were added to the blood CD4 and CD8 count, the AUC value was 0.752 (p=0.000).

Conclusion: Blood CD4 and CD8 count had poor accuracy in predicting 30-days mortality in patients with severe pneumonia. The group with blood CD4 count < 406 cells/μL and blood CD8 count < 263 cells/μL had a higher risk of 30-days mortality."

"Kanker payudara merupakan kanker paling umum pada wanita di seluruh duniadengan insiden lebih dari dua juta orang setiap tahunnya. Kanker payudarastadium lanjut lokal adalah jenis kanker payudara invasif yang terbatas padapayudara regional dan kelenjar getah bening. Salah satu terapi adalah kemoterapineoadjuvan (KN) yang efikasinya dapat dievaluasi secara respons patologisdengan Miller Payne. Penting untuk mengidentifikasi biomarker sebagai prediktorrespons patologis setelah KN. Limfosit CD8+ diperiksa sebagai prediktorkeberhasilan KN lanjut lokal. Dengan menggunakan metode cross-sectional,penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium patologi anatomi dan divisi bedahonkologi RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo antara bulan Januari-Juni 2022.Subjek penelitian ini adalah pasien kanker payudara stadium lanjut lokal yangmenjalani operasi pengangkatan payudara dengan terapi KN dari bulan September2015- Februari 2022. Subjek penelitian ini didominasi luminal B, grade 2, ER+dan kemoterapi berbasis antrasiklin. Ekspresi limfosit CD8+ tinggi dan tidak adahubungan dengan faktor klinikopatologi. Sebagian besar pasien memberikanrespon patologis positif terhadap kemoterapi dan terdapat hubungan yangbermakna antara ekspresi limfosit T CD8+ dengan respon patologis Miller-Payne.Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai ekspresi limfosit CD8+ sebagai faktorprediktif dalam respon kemoterapi neoadjuvan.

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide with an incidence

of more than two million people annually. Locally advanced breast cancer is a

type of invasive breast cancer limited to the regional breast and lymph nodes. One

of the treatments is neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) whose efficacy can be

evaluated by the Miller Payne method. It is important to identify biomarkers to

predict pathological responses after NC. CD8+ lymphocyte was examined as a

predictor of advanced local NC successfulness. Using cross-sectional method, this

research was done in the laboratory of anatomical pathology and division

surgical oncology RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo between January-June 2022.

The subjects were locally advanced breast cancer patients who received

neoadjuvant breast removal surgery from September 2016- February 2022. 35 out

of 40 subjects had clinical stage T4 mostly NST, luminal B, grade 2, ER+ and

anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The expression of CD8+ lymphocytes was

high and there was no association with clinicopathological factors. Most of the

patients respond positively to chemotherapy and there is a significant relationship

between the expression of CD8+ T lymphocytes with Miller Payne pathological

response. Further research on CD8+ lymphocyte expression"

"Penelitian mengenai pengembangan vaksin DNA pengekspresi antigen fusi hemaglutinin dan VP22 terhadap respon antibodi spesifik dan sel T CD8 pada mencit BALB/c telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai penambahan VP22 secara terfusi pada plasmid pcDNA H5cop?TM terhadap respon imun humoral dan seluler yang diinduksi oleh vaksin DNA pemgekspresi antigen hemaglutinin virus influenza A H5N1. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu uji eksperimental berupa kenaikan dan reaktivitas serum yang diperoleh dari kelompok mencit BALB/c yang divaksin dengan pcdnawt, pcdna-H5cop?TM, pcdna-, pcdnaH5cop?TM-VP22, pcdnaH5copfull serta respon sel T CD8 dari spleen mencit BALB/c yang mensekresikan IFN-? spesifik terhadap peptida H5N1 MHC Class I. Mencit BALB/c berusia 8 minggu divaksinasi sebanyak tiga kali secara intramuskular dengan interval waktu 2 minggu untuk tiap vaksinasi. Semua kelompok mencit menunjukkan peningkatan respon antibodi spesifik dibandingkan dengan kontrol dengan nilai rasio OD serum ketiga pada kelompok mencit pcdna-H5cop?TM, pcdnaH5cop?TM-VP22, pcdnaH5copfull dan kontrol secara berurutan adalah 1.71 p=0.006 , 1.56 p=0.010 , 1,05 p=0.016 dan 1.01. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada kelompok perlakuan pcdna-H5cop?TM dengan pcdnaH5cop?TM-VP22 terhadap protein HA p=0.200 . Sementara pada respon sel T CD8 yang diperoleh dari optimasi ELISPOT menunjukkan adanya spot forming unit SFC pada spleen mencit yang divaksinasi dengan pcdnaH5cop?TM-VP22 pada berbagai konsentrasi peptida H5N1 yaitu berturut-turut 20 spot 100ng , 22 spot 250ng , 22 spot 500ng , 49 spot 750ng , dan 72 spot 1000ng . Nilai spot tertinggi didapatkan dengan konsentrasi peptida H5N1 sebanyak 1000ng. Hasil yang diperoleh mengindikasikan bahwa dengan adanya penambahan VP22 secara terfusi pada pcdna-H5cop?TM dapat meningkatkan respon seluler terhadap virus influenza A H5N1.

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Research on the development of DNA vaccines expressing a fused gene of haemagglutinin HA and VP22 towards specific antibody and CD8 T cells responses in mice BALB c has been done. The purpose of this study was to asses the fused VP22 into the pcDNA H5cop TM towards humoral and cellular imune responses.

The methodology used in this study was experimental method that focused on increase of antibody level of serum obtained from groups of BALB c mice that previously vaccinated with pcDNAwt, pcDNA H5COP TM, pcDNA, pcDNA H5COP TM VP22, pcDNA H5COP full. Response CD8 T cell generated from spleen of mice BALB c that secreted IFN H5N1 peptides specific to MHC class I was also observed. Significant increase of level of specific antibody response were shown by value of control compared to third serum with mean value of OD optical density of pcDNA H5COP TM, pcDNA H5COP TM VP22, pcDNA H5COP full and control 1.71 p 0.006 , 1.56 p 0.010 , 1,05 p 0.015 and 1,01 respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in group treated with pcDNA H5COP TM with pcDNA H5COP TM VP22 towards HA protein p 0.200.

The ELISPOT optimizations showed response to CD8 T cells by formation of spot forming units SFC in the spleen of mice vaccinated with pcDNA H5COP TM VP22 with various concentrations of peptide H5N1 applied, 20 spots 100ng , 22 spots 250ng , 22 spots 500ng , 49 spots 750ng , and 72 spots 1000ng respectively. The highest value obtained by peptide of H5N1 with a total peptide 1000ng. The results indicated that the fused of VP22 into the pcDNA H5cop TM can enhance cellular responses against H5N1 influenza A virus. "

"Respons antibodi spesifik SARS-CoV-2 dapat diperoleh dari paparan virus ketika infeksi ataupun dari vaksinasi. Studi mengenai rasio CD4+/CD8+ sebagai penanda status imunitas masih belum banyak dilakukan pada dewasa sehat. Vitamin D yang memiliki efek imunomodulatori pada sistem imun adaptif dan alamiah, mampu memodulasi pembentukan antibodi dan regulasi dari sel T. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan kadar 25(OH)D serum terhadap titer antibodi SARS-CoV-2 dan rasio CD4+/CD8+ sebagai penanda status imunitas individu. Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan terhadap tenaga kesehatan di tiga rumah sakit rujukan COVID-19 di Jakarta dan Depok pada periode Juli–Desember 2021. Pengambilan data yang dilakukan berupa wawancara kuesioner data sosiodemografik, pemeriksaan tanda-tanda vital, pengukuran antropometri, dietary assessment menggunakan 24-h food recall dan SQ-FFQ. Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan untuk menilai kadar 25(OH)D serum, rasio CD4+/CD8+, dan titer antibodi SARS-CoV-2. Didapatkan 154 tenaga kesehatan usia 22-53 tahun dalam kondisi sehat dan tanpa riwayat penyakit kronis. Median asupan vitamin D subjek penelitian sebesar 2,42 mcg/hari (1,23–4,00) dengan 94,7% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin D yang kurang. Median kadar serum 25(OH)D pada subjek sebesar 14,4 ng/mL (9,50–18,62) dengan 81,8% subjek mengalami defisiensi dan 14,9% subjek mengalami insufisiensi vitamin D. Median rasio CD4+/CD8+ 1,14 (0,88–1,34), 85,7% subjek memiliki titer antibodi SARS-CoV-2 >250 U/mL dan 14,3% subjek memiliki titer antibodi ≤250. Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang siginifikan antara kadar 25(OH)D dengan titer antibodi SARS-CoV-2 (p 0,209 OR 4,101 95% CI 0,45–37,04) dan Rasio CD4/CD8 (p 0,385 𝛃 -0,005 95% CI -0,0015–0,006). Asupan dan kadar vitamin D pada subjek penelitian masih tergolong rendah. Penelitian ini tidak berhasil membuktikan adanya hubungan antara kadar serum 25(OH)D dengan rasio CD4+/CD8+ dan titer antibodi SARS-CoV-2.

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SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody response can be generated from exposure to the virus during infection or from vaccination. There is limited data on CD4+/CD8+ ratio in healthy individuals as a marker of immunity status. Vitamin D, which has an immunomodulatory effect on both  innate and adaptive immune systems, is able to modulate antibody formation and regulation of T cells. This study aimed to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers along with CD4+/CD8+ ratio as a marker of immunity status. This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthcare workers at three COVID-19 referral hospitals in Jakarta and Depok in the period of July–December 2021. Data collection was carried out using questionnaire, examination of vital signs, anthropometric measurements, dietary assessment using 24-h food recall, and SQ-FFQ. Blood samples were taken to assess serum 25(OH)D levels, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers. 154 healthcare workers aged 22-53 years who were in good health and had no history of chronic disease were examined in this study. The median intake of vitamin D was 2.42 mcg/day (1.23-4.00), with 94.7% of participants having insufficient intake of vitamin D. The median serum 25(OH)D level was 14.4 ng/mL (9.50-18.62), with 81.8% participants are vitamin D deficiency and 14.9% are insufficient. Median CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 1.14 (0.88 to 1.34). 85.7% participants had SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers >250 U/mL, while 14.3% were below 250 U/mL. There was no significant relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels to SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers (p 0.209 OR 4.101 95% CI 0.45–37.04) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (p 0.385 o-0.005 95% CI -0.0015–0.006). Vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D levels are relatively low. This study disproves relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels with CD4+/CD8+ ratio and SARS-CoV-2 antibody."

"Latar belakang Kanker rongga mulut dan mulut (termasuk karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut/KSSRM) secara kolektif tetap menjadi kanker paling umum ke-16 di dunia. Karena kecenderungan stadium lanjut selama diagnosis, kelangsungan hidup pasien KSSRM sangat buruk. Tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs) yang diekspresikan diperkirakan mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup pasien KSSRM, termasuk CD8 + dan TIL lainnya. Tujuan Untuk menentukan ekspresi CD8+ dan TILs dalam sel KSSRM dan hubungannya dengan overall survival (OS) dan progression-free survival (PFS) pasien KSSRM. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan analisis kelangsungan hidup dengan menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif pada pasien KSSRM yang datang ke Rumah Sakit Umum Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo, Indonesia, dari Januari 2017 hingga Desember 2021. Kriteria inklusi penelitian adalah pasien KSSRM dengan diagnosis histopatologi, sedangkan kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien dengan data yang tidak lengkap atau tidak tersedianya sampel. Ekspresi CD8+ dan TIL diukur melalui perhitungan manual pada program Image J® pada pewarnaan imunohistokimia. OS dan PFS dianalisis menggunakan grafik Kaplan-Meier dan analisis cox-regression. Hasil Sebanyak 42 subjek dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Rata-rata OS adalah 10,83+1,268 bulan, sedangkan rata-rata PFS adalah 9,74+1,229 bulan. OS 2 tahun adalah 21,4%, sedangkan PFS adalah 19%. Ekspresi CD8+ yang lebih tinggi terkait dengan OS dan PFS yang lebih baik, sedangkan ekspresi TIL yang lebih tinggi terkait dengan PFS yang lebih baik. Kesimpulan. Ekspresi CD8+ dan TIL yang lebih tinggi dalam sel kanker terkait dengan kesintasan yang lebih baik pada pasien KSSRM.

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Background Oral cavity and mouth cancer (including oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) collectively remain the 16th most prevalent cancer in the world. Due to the tendency of advanced stage during diagnosis, the survival of OCSCC patients is abysmal. The connection of OCSCC and expressed tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs) is thought to affect the survivability of the OCSCC patients, including CD8+ and other TILs. Aim To determine the expression of CD8+ and TILs in OCSCC cells and their relationship with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of OCSCC patients. Methods This study is a survival analysis using retrospective cohort design on OCSCC patients who came to Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Indonesia, from January 2017 to December 2021. The inclusion criterion of the study was OCSCC patients with histopathological diagnosis, while the exclusion criteria were patients with incomplete data or unavailability of the samples. The expression of CD8+ and TILs were measured by manual counting of cells using ImageJ® on immunohistochemistry staining. The OS and PFS were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier graph and cox-regression analysis. Result A total of 42 subjects were included in this study. The average OS was 10.83+1.268 months, while the average PFS was 9.74+1.229 months. The 2-years OS was 21.4%, while PFS was 19%. Higher CD8+ expression was related to better OS and PFS, while higher expressed TILs was related to better PFS. Conclusion Higher CD8+ and TILs expressions in cancer cells are related to better survivability in OCSCC patients. "

"Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil Treg (ditunjukkan oleh Foxp3), CD4, dan CD8 pada kanker serviks stadium lanjut lokal dan dampaknya terhadap progresivitas tumor dan respons radiasi. Metode. Setelah disetujui oleh komite penelitian, kami mengumpulkan data pasien kanker serviks stadium lanjut lokal yang menjalani radioterapi, di RSCM, Jakarta, pada Januari 2018 – Desember 2020. Subjek penelitian harus memiliki pencitraan pra dan paska radiasi dan spesimen blok parafin untuk memenuhi syarat dalam penelitian ini. Profil Foxp, CD4, dan CD8, akan dianalisis dengan imunohistokimia dengan penghitungan jumlah sel. Respons radiasi akan dianalisa dengan kriteria RECIST 1.1. Semua informasi klinis pasien yang diperlukan akan dikumpulkan dari rekam medis elektronik. Hasil. Kami menemukan bahwa sebagian besar pasien memiliki karsinoma sel skuamosa (93%), stadium IIIC (48%), dan menjalani radiasi saja (72%). Evaluasi RECIST menunjukkan 62% pasien memiliki respons lengkap, 28% respons parsial, dan 10% respons buruk (penyakit stabil dan progresif). Kami dapatkan median jumlah sel CD4 =29 (7 – 154), CD8 = 30 (6 – 227), dan Foxp3 = 36 (2 – 156). Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara jumlah sel limfosit CD4, CD8, dan Foxp3 dengan volume tumor, dengan p = 0.858; p = 0.975, dan p = 0.723 masing masing. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna dengan dimensi terbesar tumor dengan p = 0.481, p = 0.480, dan p = 0.792 masing masing. Tidak ada pula hubungan bermakna antara jumlah sel limfosit CD4, CD8, dan Foxp3 dengan respons radiasi dengan p = 0.964, p = 0.296, dan p = 0.787 masing masing. Namun kami mendapatkan korelasi positif yang kuat dan bermakna pada jumlah sel tumor pada stroma, CD 4 - CD8 (r = 0.580, p=0.001); CD4 - Foxp3 (r = 0.699, p < 0.001), dan CD8 - Foxp3 (r = 0.652, p < 0.001). Kesimpulan. Sebagian besar pasien kanker stadium lanjut lokal yang menjalani radiasi memiliki respons lengkap. Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara jumlah sel limfosit CD4, CD8, dan Foxp3 dengan volume tumor, dimensi terbesar tumor, dan respons radiasi. Terdapat korelasi yang kuat dan signifikan antar sel imun (CD4-CD8, CD4-Foxp3, dan CD8-Foxp3) pada lingkungan stroma.

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Aims: This study aims to determine profile of Treg (shown by Foxp3), CD4, and CD8 in locally advanced cervical cancer and the impact to tumor progressivity and radiation response. Method. After been approved by the institution research committee, we collect data of locally advanced of cervical cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy, at RSCM, Jakarta, in January 2018 – December 2020. Studies subjects must have pre and post irradiation imaging and paraffin block specimen to be eligible in this study. Profile of Foxp, CD4, and CD8, will be analyzed by immunohistochemistry, by counting the number of cells, and radiation response will be analyzed by RECIST 1.1 criteria. All necessary patient’s clinical information will be collected from electronic medical record. Result. We found that most of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma (93%), stage IIIC (48%), and underwent radiation alone (72%). RECIST evaluation showed 62% of patients had a complete response, 28% a partial response, and 10% had a poor response (stable and progressive disease). We found median CD4 cell counts = 29 (7 – 154), CD8 = 30 (6 – 227), and Foxp3 = 36 (2 – 156). There was no significant relationship between the number of CD4, CD8, and Foxp3 lymphocytes with tumor volume, with p = 0.858; p = 0.975, and p = 0.723 respectively. There was no significant relationship with the dimensions of the largest tumor with p = 0.481, p = 0.480, and p = 0.792, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the number of CD4, CD8, and Foxp3 lymphocytes with radiation response with p = 0.964, p = 0.296, and p = 0.787, respectively. However, we found a strong and significant positive correlation in the number of tumor cells in the stroma, CD4 - CD8 (r = 0.580, p = 0.001); CD4 - Foxp3 (r = 0.699, p < 0.001), and CD8 - Foxp3 (r = 0.652, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Most locally advanced cancer patients who undergo radiation have a complete response. There are no significant relationships between the number of CD4, CD8, and Foxp3 lymphocytes with tumor volume, largest tumor dimensions, and radiation response. There is a strong and significant correlation between immune cells (CD4-CD8, CD4-Foxp3, and CD8-Foxp3) in the stromal environment."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah limfosit T-CD4+, limfosit TCD8+, dan rasio CD4+/CD8+ serta hubungannya dengan status gizi pada pasien HIV positif. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian pada penderita HIV positif yang belum mendapatkan terapi antiretroviral. Data yang diambil meliputi data usia, jenis kelamin, jumlah limfosit T-CD4+, limfosit T-CD8+, rasio CD4+/CD8+, status gizi. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan Fisher. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 17 laki-laki dan 15 perempuan dengan median usia 27 (19-59) tahun. 62,5% subyek memiliki status gizi normal. 78,1% memiliki jumlah limfosit T-CD4+ antara 200-500/μL, 68,8% memiliki jumlah limfosit TCD8+ > 785/μL, 96,9% memiliki rasio sel limfosit T-CD4+/T-CD8+
1. Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara jumlah limfosit T-CD4+ dengan status gizi (p=0,520), antara jumlah sel limfosit T-CD8+ dengan status gizi (p=1,000), serta antara rasio CD4+/CD8+ dengan status gizi (p=1,000). Simpulan penelitian adalah tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara jumlah limfosit T-CD4+, limfosit T-CD8+, dan rasio CD4+/CD8+ dengan status gizi pada pasien HIV. Penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang sesuai dan sebaran responden merata.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the CD4+ count, CD8+ count, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio and their relationships with nutritional status in HIV positive patients. This was a cross-sectional study with secondary data from a study of HIV positive patients who had not started antiretroviral therapy. Data collection consisted of age, sex, CD4+ count, CD8+ count, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, nutritional status. Statistical analysis used Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Fisher’s test. Subjects consisted of 17 men and 15 women, median of age was 27 (19-59) years. 62,5% had normal nutritional status. As many as 78,1% of the CD4+ count were between 200-500/μL, as many as 68,8% of the CD8+ count were > 785/μL, and 96,9% showed CD4+/CD8+ ratio
1. There was no significant relationship between CD4+ count and nutritional status (p=0,520), between CD8+ count and nutritional status (p=1,000), and between CD4+/CD8+ ratio and nutritional status (p=1,000). The conclusions of this study was there was no significant relationship of CD4+ count, CD8+ count, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio with nutritional status in HIV (+) patients. This research suggests to do further research with adequate sample and normal distribution of responden."

"Aim: To investigate the expression CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell as well as TNF-a and INF-7 level on Citron ic hepatitis C. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Forty patients with chronic hepatitis C based on laboratory examination, who were collected from blood transition centers at Dn M. Djamil Hospital. The control group used forty healthy samples. Results: There were 40 chronic hepatitis C cases satisfying the inclusion criteria. We found that CD4+ T cells count 50.35 + 3.1 8%; CD8+ T cells count 59.37 + 3.52%; TNF-a level 22.03 :t 3.?2 pg/ml and INF-7 level 4.47 + 1.47 pg/ml. Conclusion: The chronic infection hepatitis C virus have given the effects on the immunocompetent cells which increased of CD4+, CD8+, TNF-a level and INF-y level."