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"Sistem manajemen transportasi dan tata ruang perkotaan sangat mempengaruhi pola pergerakan manusia dan kendaraan yang dapat menimbulkan kemacetan. Kemacetan menghasilkan tingginya akumulasi emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor yang berakibat pada menurunnya kualitas udara. Penggunaan model dinamik untuk keperluan analisis dan prediksi dengan berbagai variabel dan sub variabel yang saling terkait sudah banyak dipergunakan untuk mengkaji secara ilmiah berbagai fenomena yang ada. Dalam tugas akhir ini penggunaan model dinamik digunakan untuk pendekatan dan menganalisis program Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) berbasis busway dalam memprediksi kebutuhan bahan bakar gas (BBG) dan pengurangan tingkat laju emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor dalam pencapaian target penurunan polusi udara, ajakan/himbauan para pengguna mobil kendaraan untuk beralih menggunakan bus Transjakarta Busway serta mengatasi kemacetan lalu lintas di DKI Jakarta sampai dengan tahun 2010. Dari penelitian sebelumnya [Bambang Sugiarto, Suryana, 2005] diketahui bahwa polusi udara akan berkurang secara signifikan jika jumlah koridor dan armada yang diberoperasi harus mencukupi sehingga penumpang Bus Transjakarta Busway adalah yang sebelumnya para pengguna mobil pribadi. Maka untuk mendukung program pengurangan polusi udara di DKI Jakarta, penulisan ini disusun sesuai kondisi terakhir yaitu awal tahun 2007, dengan telah diresmikannya busway koridor IV - VII. Pencapaian pengurangan polusi udara dengan program BRT berbasis busway akan bersifat komprehensif dengan pendekatan model dinamik mulai dari pertumbuhan penduduk, pertumbuhan kendaraan bermotor, pertambahan armada, koridor, dan jumlah penumpang Bus Transjakarta Busway, perluasan jaringan bus pengumpan (feeder). Hasil yang diharapkan dari studi ini adalah prediksi kebutuhan BBG dan pengurangan laju emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor dengan beroperasinya bus Transjakarta Busway dalam menurunkan polusi udara dan mengatasi kemacetan di Jakarta sampai dengan tahun 2010.

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The transportation management system and the city planning influence the mobility of large numbers of people to easily move from various locations. Without an organized transportation system, there are mass traffic jams, delays, accidents, etc. Traffic jams cause large pollutans emissions resulting in large quantities of pollution. The dynamic model has been used to analyze and predict these phenomena by using variables and sub variables that are interconnected. In this thesis, the dynamic model is used to analyze the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) program based on the busway system to predict the need of compresses natural gas (CNG) and to reduce the rapid emission in achieving the goal of reducing air pollution in Jakarta. One of the ways to accomplish this goal is to encourage people to use the Transjakarta bus way instead of their personal vehicles. This would also reduce traffic jams until the year 2010. From previous research conducted by Bambang Sugiarto and Suryana, it was shown that the air pollution would be significantly reduced if the amount of buses and corridors were increased to handle the large number of passengers. For this reason, this thesis is written in accordance with the current condition when the new corridors IV ? VII were officially opened at the beginning of the year 2007. The achievement of reducing air pollution based on BRT program will contribute a comprehensive benefit if the dynamic model is used. For example, the population growth will directly increase the need for greater transportation; thus adding larger numbers of buses, expanding corridors and increasing the number of passengers using Transjakarta busway. The transportation web will automatically be expanded to include smaller feeder areas to facilitate greater flow of traffic. The purpose of this study is to predict the need for CNG and the reduction of pollutan emissions, this is possible if the Transjakarta busway system is implemented. In addition, reducing air pollution and solving the traffic jam problems until the year 2010."

"Pertumbuhan kendaraan di Surabaya terus meningkat setiap tahunnya akan berpengaruh terhadap jumlah konsumsi BBM di Surabaya. Bila kondisi ini terus dibiarkan maka kondisi ini akan mengganggu ketahanan energi nasional dan APBN. Berkaitan dengan hal itu maka pemerintah memanfaatkan CNG sebagai salah alternatif kebijakan diversifikasi energi sebagai bahan bakar pengganti BBM untuk kendaraan umum pada sektor transportasi jalan. Namun, kebijakan ini terkendala dengan minimnya infrastruktur CNG meliputi keterbatasan jaringan pipa gas dan SPBG CNG di Surabaya. Hal ini menyebabkan distribusi CNG menjadi tidak dapat dikembangkan secara menyeluruh sehingga menyebabkan biaya distribusi dan harga jual CNG menjadi tinggi di Surabaya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu pengembangan sistem distribusi CNG untuk mengatasi keterbatasan ini.Pada penelitian ini, pengembangan sistem distribusi dilakukan dengan menentukan sistem pendistribusian CNG yang sesuai dengan wilayah Surabaya serta membentuk rantai suplai distribusi CNG secara efisien. Hasil dari pengembangan ini dihasilkan sistem distribusi CNG mengunakan sistem pendistribusian mother and daughter station. Melalui mekanisme subsidi pemerintah dihasilkan harga jual CNG sebesar Rp. 2.154,- /lsp dan biaya distribusi rata-rata sebesar Rp. 503,-/lsp. Sedangkan melalui mekanisme business as usual dihasilkan harga jual CNG sebesar Rp. 3.608,-/lsp dan biaya distribusi rata-rata sebesar Rp. 1.394,-/lsp.

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The growth of in Surabaya vehicles continues to increase each year and will have an effect on the amount of gasoline consumption in Surabaya. If this condition is neglected then this condition will disturb national energy security and state budget. In that regard, the government utilizing CNG as alternative energy diversification policies as a fuel substitute fuel for public transport in the road transport sector. But, this potential is constrained by the lack of CNG infrastructure limitations include gas pipelines and CNG gas fuel stations in Surabaya. But, this policy is constrained by the lack of CNG infrastructure limitations include gas pipelines and CNG gas fuel stations in Surabaya. This causes the CNG distribution can be fully developed, causing the cost of distribution and a high selling price of CNG in Surabaya. Therefore, Surabaya requires a development of CNG distribution system to solve this problem. In this study, the development of the distribution system is done by determining the of CNG distribution system in accordance with the Surabaya region and establish of CNG distribution supply chain efficiently.

The result of this development is to make a distribution system of CNG using mother and daughter stations distribution system. Through the mechanism of government subsidies produced CNG selling price of 2.154 IDR/lsp and distribution costs an average of 503 IDR/lsp. While the mechanism through business as usual, selling price of CNG generated at 3.608 IDR/lsp and distribution costs an average of 1.394 IDR/lsp."

"[ABSTRAKKajian dilakukan dengan menganalisis seluruh komponen biaya yang mempengaruhiketetapan harga CNG, dengan simulasi Monte Carlo dengan bantuan perangkat lunakCrystal Ball yang mengacu pada kebijakan pemerintah berupa Peraturan MenteriESDM Nomor 19 Tahun 2010 yang telah menetapkan formula harga jual bahan bakargas untuk transportasi dengan mempertimbangkan harga di titik penyerahan (hulu),toll fee, investasi SPBG, biaya pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan SPBG, margin danpajak. Pada Kajian ini mengupas toll fee dengan memilih supply chain yang dianggaptepat untuk wilayah Jawa Bagian Barat. Hasil Kajian Harga CNG untuk RegionalJawa Bagian Barat, dimana simulasi dilakukan di wilayah DKI Jakarta didapatkanbahwa Keputusan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor: 2932K/12/MEM/2010: ?Harga Jual Bahan Bakar Gas yang digunakan untuk Transportasidi Wilayah Jakarta termasuk Bogor, Bekasi, Depok dan Tangerang adalah Rp3.100,00 (tiga ribu seratus rupiah) untuk tiap 1 (satu) Liter Setara Premium (LSP)termasuk pajak-pajak.? merupakan harga kompetitif yang dapat dilaksanakan untukwilayah Jawa bagian Barat. Dilihat dari hasil rekalkulasi yaitu harga CNG padatapping point Bitung sebesar $. 0.223 atau Rp. 2819,82 dan harga aggregasi sebesarRp. 2737,58 dengan harga riil berada pada rentang harga Rp.1857,43 hingga Rp.3890,32 (berdasarkan Indeks Harga Konsumen April 2015) dan pada wilayah tapingpoin Nagrak sebesar $. 0.209 atau Rp. 2631,02 dan harga aggregasi sebesar Rp.2795,51 dengan harga riil berada pada rentang harga Rp.2227,59 hingga Rp. 4533.44.

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ABSTRACTThe study was conducted by analyzing all the components that affect the cost of provision of CNG price, with a Monte Carlo simulation with the help of Crystal Ball software which refers to government policies such as the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 19 of 2010, which has set the pricing formula of gas fuel for transportation by considering the price at the point of delivery (upstream), toll fee, SPBGs investment, operating and maintenance costs SPBGs, margins and taxes. On This study peeling toll fee by choosing supply chain that is considered appropriate for the region Western of Java. Study results CNG price to Regional Java, where the simulation is done in Jakarta found that the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 2932 K / 12 / MEM / 2010: "Selling Price Gas Fuel used for transportation in Jakarta area including Bogor, Bekasi, Depok and Tangerang is $ 3100.00 (three thousand one hundred dollars) for every 1 (one) liter Premium Equivalent (LSP), including taxes. "a competitive price that can be implemented for the region western of Java. Judging from the results of recalculation is the price of CNG at the tapping point Bitung of $. 0.223 or Rp. 2819.82 and aggregation price of Rp. 2737.58 with the real price is in the range of price Rp.1857, 43 up to Rp. 3890.32 (based on the Consumer Price Index April 2015) and in the region of Nagrak tapping points. $.0.209 or Rp. 2631.02 and aggregation price of Rp. 2795.51 with the real price is in the range of price Rp.2227,59 up to Rp.4533.44.;The study was conducted by analyzing all the components that affect the cost of provision of CNG price, with a Monte Carlo simulation with the help of Crystal Ball software which refers to government policies such as the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 19 of 2010, which has set the pricing formula of gas fuel for transportation by considering the price at the point of delivery (upstream), toll fee, SPBGs investment, operating and maintenance costs SPBGs, margins and taxes. On This study peeling toll fee by choosing supply chain that is considered appropriate for the region Western of Java. Study results CNG price to Regional Java, where the simulation is done in Jakarta found that the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 2932 K / 12 / MEM / 2010: "Selling Price Gas Fuel used for transportation in Jakarta area including Bogor, Bekasi, Depok and Tangerang is $ 3100.00 (three thousand one hundred dollars) for every 1 (one) liter Premium Equivalent (LSP), including taxes. "a competitive price that can be implemented for the region western of Java. Judging from the results of recalculation is the price of CNG at the tapping point Bitung of $. 0.223 or Rp. 2819.82 and aggregation price of Rp. 2737.58 with the real price is in the range of price Rp.1857, 43 up to Rp. 3890.32 (based on the Consumer Price Index April 2015) and in the region of Nagrak tapping points. $.0.209 or Rp. 2631.02 and aggregation price of Rp. 2795.51 with the real price is in the range of price Rp.2227,59 up to Rp.4533.44.;The study was conducted by analyzing all the components that affect the cost of provision of CNG price, with a Monte Carlo simulation with the help of Crystal Ball software which refers to government policies such as the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 19 of 2010, which has set the pricing formula of gas fuel for transportation by considering the price at the point of delivery (upstream), toll fee, SPBGs investment, operating and maintenance costs SPBGs, margins and taxes. On This study peeling toll fee by choosing supply chain that is considered appropriate for the region Western of Java. Study results CNG price to Regional Java, where the simulation is done in Jakarta found that the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 2932 K / 12 / MEM / 2010: "Selling Price Gas Fuel used for transportation in Jakarta area including Bogor, Bekasi, Depok and Tangerang is $ 3100.00 (three thousand one hundred dollars) for every 1 (one) liter Premium Equivalent (LSP), including taxes. "a competitive price that can be implemented for the region western of Java. Judging from the results of recalculation is the price of CNG at the tapping point Bitung of $. 0.223 or Rp. 2819.82 and aggregation price of Rp. 2737.58 with the real price is in the range of price Rp.1857, 43 up to Rp. 3890.32 (based on the Consumer Price Index April 2015) and in the region of Nagrak tapping points. $.0.209 or Rp. 2631.02 and aggregation price of Rp. 2795.51 with the real price is in the range of price Rp.2227,59 up to Rp.4533.44., The study was conducted by analyzing all the components that affect the cost of provision of CNG price, with a Monte Carlo simulation with the help of Crystal Ball software which refers to government policies such as the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 19 of 2010, which has set the pricing formula of gas fuel for transportation by considering the price at the point of delivery (upstream), toll fee, SPBGs investment, operating and maintenance costs SPBGs, margins and taxes. On This study peeling toll fee by choosing supply chain that is considered appropriate for the region Western of Java. Study results CNG price to Regional Java, where the simulation is done in Jakarta found that the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 2932 K / 12 / MEM / 2010: "Selling Price Gas Fuel used for transportation in Jakarta area including Bogor, Bekasi, Depok and Tangerang is $ 3100.00 (three thousand one hundred dollars) for every 1 (one) liter Premium Equivalent (LSP), including taxes. "a competitive price that can be implemented for the region western of Java. Judging from the results of recalculation is the price of CNG at the tapping point Bitung of $. 0.223 or Rp. 2819.82 and aggregation price of Rp. 2737.58 with the real price is in the range of price Rp.1857, 43 up to Rp. 3890.32 (based on the Consumer Price Index April 2015) and in the region of Nagrak tapping points. $.0.209 or Rp. 2631.02 and aggregation price of Rp. 2795.51 with the real price is in the range of price Rp.2227,59 up to Rp.4533.44.]"

"ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk mengetahui parameter mana yang paling berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi biaya operasional di sisi hilir bisnis CNG dengan menggunakan pendekatan dinamika sistem. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui detail proses bisnis dan informasi yang dibutuhkan adalah melalui wawancara dengan bagian operasional, penjualan sampai dengan level manager termasuk kunjungan ke lapangan. Dari hasil simulasi terhadap model dinamika sistem yang sudah dibuat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa parameter yang paling berpengaruh dalam menentukan besarnya biaya operasional adalah pengadaan peralatan PRS yang merupakan peralatan untuk menurunkan tekanan gas serta sewa jasa transportasi kepada pihak ketiga. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, peningkatan profit yang bisa diperoleh adalah sebesar 20.5% dengan menurunkan masing-masing biaya PRS dan sewa transportasi sebesar 10%. Sehingga perusahaan harus melakukan efisiensi pengadaan PRS dan penurunan harga sewa jasa transportasi melalui negosiasi harga atau melakukan investasi kendaraan angkut CNG untuk meningkatkan efiensi biaya operasional, dan dengan jumlah volume gas yang diangkut saat ini, hal tersebut sangat memungkinkan

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this research is to find the most influencing parameters relating to operational cost efficiency in downstream CNG business by using system dynamics approach. Method used to dig down business process and its neccessary detailed information are by in-depth interview with people responsible in sales and daily operations, from staff to managerial level, including site visit to the field to understand the process better. Simulation of system dynamics yields that the most dominating factor that greatly affect the operational cost are PRS procurement and high transportation fee burdened by third party. Based on simulation result, profit enhancement reached can be 20.5% through cost reduction of PRS and transportation cost of up to 10%. Therefore the company shall create more efficient PRS procurement, redesign the PRS without sacrificing safety factor and renegosiate transportation fee with third party or do the investment of CNG trailer to help increasing operational cost effiency, which is possible due to amount of gas volume transported by the company in daily basis."

"ABSTRAKSebagai fasilitas umum SPBG berlokasi di area yang padat penduduk dan padataktivitas, oleh karena itu kegagalan SPBG akan memberikan konsekuensi yangcukup besar bagi operator, pelanggan dan masyarakat di sekitar SPBG. Penelitianini dilakukan dengan desain deskriptif dan analitik metode kuantitatif untukmengetahui tingkat risiko individu dan sosial hasil perhitungan frekuensimenggunakan event tree analysis dan konsekuensi menggunakan piranti lunakALOHA. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan data primer hasilpengukuran dan wawancara serta data sekunder dari literatur dan perusahaan.Penelitian ini menjelaskan tahapan analisa risiko kebakaran dan ledakan di SPBGserta rekomendasi pengendalian risiko kebakaranan ledakan di SPBG berdasarkanhasil analisa risiko tersebut.

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ABSTRACTAs a general facility CNG Station is located in a densely populated and denseactivity area, therefore CNG Station failure will have considerable consequencesfor operators, customers and communities around SPBG. This research isconducted using descriptive and quantitative analytic method to calculate the levelof individual and social risk which resulted by frequency calculation using eventtree analysis and consequence using ALOHA software. The data used in this studyusing primary data by field measurement and interviews as well as secondary datafrom the literature and company. This research explains the steps of fire andexplosion risk analysis in CNG Station and followed by some recommendation tocontrol fire and explosion risk in CNG Station based on risk analysis."

"Energi telah menjadi salah satu kebutuhan primer manusia di era modern ini namun sumber energi yang tersedia saat ini yaitu BBM seperti bensin dan diesel terus mangalami kenaikan harga. Dengan mekanisme subsidi yang dianut Pemerintah Indonesia, kenaikan harga BBM akan menghabiskan APBN jika tidak diambil langkah preventif seperti langkah intensifikasi, ekstensifikasi dan diversifikasi energi. Diversifikasi energi menjadi solusi yang menarik karena Indonesia memiliki potensi cadangan sumber energi selain BBM yang cukup besar yaitu potensi penggunaan gas alam. Langkah diversifikasi ini kian menarik karena telah tersedianya jaringan pipa yang cukup luas dengan laju alir yang mencukupi untuk digunakan dalam sektor transportasi umum di DKI Jakarta. Namun kendala yang dihadapi adalah tidak berkembangnya infrastruktur pengisian BBG sehingga BBG menjadi tidak kompetitif dari segi pelayanan. Studi ini dirancang untuk menghasilkan output berupa gambaran jumlah investasi yang diperlukan untuk infrastruktur BBG di DKI Jakarta terutama untuk moda transportasi TransJakarta dan taksi. Proyeksi pertumbuhan angkutan umum dilakukan dengan menggunakan data-data aktual dari berbagai sumber dan metode Logistic Curve. Dan untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih spesifik, digunakan 3 skenario estimasi pertumbuhan taksi sehingga dapat diambil estimasi proyek pengembangan infrastruktur yang paling realistis dan feasible untuk diterapkan di masa depan. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan yang dilakukan, diperlukan 3 SPBG baru untuk koridor VIII - X serta 3 SPBG tambahan di depo bus untuk mengefisiensikan pelayanan pengisian dengan jumlah kapasitas total pelayanan sebesar 3,58 MMSCFD. Untuk pelayanan taksi, diperlukan 22 - 46 SPBG tambahan dan kapasitas total pelayanan 16 - 30 MMSCFD sesuai skenario yang telah dipilih. Investasi yang diperlukan untuk peremajaan satu SPBG lama adalah sebesar 7,8 - 10 miliar rupiah sedangkan untuk satu SPBG baru diperlukan investasi 22 - 23 miliar rupiah. Jumlah pembangunan SPBG terhitung sebanyak 3 - 8 SPBG tambahan per tahun sampai dengan tahun 2015 sesuai dengan skenario. Peremajaan sejumlah SPBG lama juga lebih diutamakan karena membutuhkan investasi yang jauh lebih sedikit dibanding investasi SPBG baru.

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Energy has become one of the basic needs of humanbeing in this modern world but current global energy source especially liquid phase fossil fuel keeps on depleting thus increase its price very rapidly. As one of the country that subsidize the fuel price, Indonesia is currently struggling to maintain low fuel price without sacrificing the economic annual balance at the end of the year. From several options that can be applied, energy diversification especially regarding the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) for the public transportation in Jakarta, appears to be a very attractive yet economical solution. But the main problem is there are not enough CNG infrastructure in the current time so economically, CNG does not have a competitive position compared to the conventional fuel.

Based on this condition, this study tries to provide accurate investment prediction for the policy makers to develop CNG infrastructure as fast as possible in the future. This study emphasizes on the output which will describe the projected total investment needed to fullfill the CNG demand for the public transportation system in Jakarta specifically taxi and TransJakarta. The projections state of the art is the unique combination between actual data from reliable sources and well known Logistic Curve Method in 3 different scenarios to provide more accurate output so that any scenarios can be independently valid thus makes it easier to apply the most suitable scenario based on the future condition.

The result shows that there will be 3 new CNG filling stations needed for the future VIII ' X corridor and 3 add-on CNG filling stations in the TransJakarta bus depo at the end of 2009 with an average of 3,58 MMSCFD capacity to increase the filling time efficiency while at the same time, maintaining the level of service of the fleets. While for the taxis gas demand, 22 ' 46 CNG filling stations will be needed to provide an average of 16 ' 30 MMSCFD of CNG based on the scenarios. The investment ammount will vary based on the type of the station, 7,8 ' 10 billion rupiah for a refurbished station investment and 22 ' 23 bilion rupiah for a completely new station While the total average of 3 ' 8 of new or refurbished station will be added each year until 2015. The study also shows that refurbishing old CNG filling station will become the most economical solution for this energy diversification effort compared with building an entirely new filling station."

"ABSTRAKGas suar bakar pada umumnya hanya dlbakar sehmgga terbuang percuma danmenmgkatkan kadar CO2 dl udara bebas Kandungan gas suar bakar yang berupahldrokarbon b1sa dlmanfaatkan sehlngga b1sa memben ekonomls leblh pada gassuar bakar tersebut terutama bag1 1ndustr1 sekltar 1okas1 gas suar bakar tersebutberada.Pada kajlan 1n1 dlbuat empat alternatlf bentuk pemanfaatan gas suar bakar yaltu]a1u1 plpa, small scale LNG CNG dan LPG Dan kajlan 1n1 dllakukan pada t1ga1okas1 yaltu lapangan Semoga d1 Sumatera Selatan dengan kapasltas 7 7MMSCFD Lapangan Cemara Barat d1 Jawa Barat dengan kapasltas 1 4MMSCFD dan Lapangan Tambun d1 Bekasl dengan kapasltas 4 8 MMSCFDSimu1as1 proses menujukkan kllang d1 lapangan Semoga mem111k1 produkalternatlf p1pa gas sebesar 7 187 MMSCFD CNG sebesar 7 187 MMSCFD atauLNG sebesar 5 319 MMSCFD dengan produk samplngan berupa LPG sebesar46 19 ton/han dan kondensat 8 99 barel/har1 Ana11sa keekonomlan menunjukkanteknologl LNG mem111k1 mdlkator ekonoml terbalk yaltu IRR 55 32% NPVsebesar 76 219 juta USES dan payback perzod 3 tahunAna11sa sens1t1v1tas menunjukkan perubahan n11a1 1nvestas1 yang pa11ngberpengaruh terhadap keekonomlan setlap teknologl transpo11as1"

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai kajian teknis dan ekonomis CNG sebagai salah satu alternative transportasi gas bumi melalui laut untuk memenuhi kebutuhan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas (PLTG). Dengan menggunakan CNG akan lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan LNG dalam jarak dekat dan menengah (<2000 km). Untuk kondisi alam Indonesia yang berbentuk kepulauan dirasakan cocok apabila menggunakan CNG sebagai transportasi gas dari sumber gas yang ada di lepas pantai ke pembangkit yang berada di pulau Bali. Selama ini seluruh pembangkit di pulau Bali masih menggunakan BBM berjenis HSD sehingga biaya produksinya tinggi, apabila dikonversi menjadi BBG maka akan menghemat biaya produksi listrik yang tidak sedikit. Dari analisis ekonomi yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa NPV bernilai positif, yang menandakan bahwa proyek penggantian HSD ke CNG menguntungkan. PBP yang didapatkan juga memenuhi syarat yaitu di bawah umur proyek selama 15 tahun. IRR yang didapatkan lebih besar dari MARR yang ditetapkan sebesar 15% yang membuktikan bahwa proyek ini menguntungkan apabila dilaksanakan.

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This thesis discuss the technical and economic study of Marine CNG as a transportation alternative of natural gas by sea to meet the needs of Gas Power Plant (power plant). By using CNG will be more profitable than the LNG in the near and medium distances (<2000 km). Because of natural conditions Indonesia archipelago it sees fit when using CNG as a transport gas from existing gas sources offshore to the power plant located on the island of Bali. Right now, whole powe plant in the island of Bali is still using HSD type of fuel, so it has high production costs. When it converted to CNG, it will save the cost of electricity production that is not small. From economic analysis conducted, it was found that the NPV is positive, indicating that the replacement of HSD to CNG project profitable. PBP obtained are also eligible under the project life for 15 years. Obtained IRR greater than the MARR is set at 15% which proves that the project is profitable if implemented."

"Penggunaan BBM untuk kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pada tahun 2010, jumlah subsidi BBM 88.89 triliun rupiah, dan pada tahun 2012 dapat mencapai 178.6 triliun rupiah. Mobil hibrida BBG-listrik merupakan alternatif yang mampu mengkombinasikan sistem penggerak motor bakar dan motor listrik dengan mengambil keuntungann dari tiap komponennya. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil rancang bangun untuk sebuah sistem traksi kendaraan hibrida BBG-Listrik berpengggerak roda belakang dan model MPV. Sistem traksi tersusun oleh motor BLDC dengan daya operasional 10 kW dengan transmisi timing belt dan pulley jenis HTD 8M. Performa sistem traksi pada saat mengalami pembebanan statis dan modal telah memenuhi standar kelayakan dengan nilai safety factor melebihi angka 3.975 dan defleksi terbesar pada saat menerima beban bergerak sebesar 0.13 mm.

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The use of fuel for motor vehicles in Indonesia is increasing every year. In 2010, the number of fuel subsidy is about 88.89 trillion rupiahs, and in 2012 to reach 178.6 trillion rupiah. CNG-electric hybrid car is an alternative propulsion system combines an electric motor and a combustion engine by taking benefits of each component. This study shows the results for a design of traction system for CNG-Electric hybrid vehicles which rear wheel driven and MPV models. Traction system composed of BLDC motor with 10 kW operating power with timing belt and pulley transmission type HTD 8M. Traction system performance while experiencing static loading and capital in compliance with the industry standards exceed the value of the safety factor is 3.975 and the largest deflection when the load moves received by 0,13 mm."

"Sebagai suatu bangsa yang besar, Indonesia tentu barus memiliki strategi untuk menjamin ketabanan energi nasional. Saat ini, konsumsi energi di Indonesia didominasi oleh penggunaan bahan bakar minyak (BBM). BBM ini digunakan oleh seluruh elemen dalam masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari­-hari. Tingginya konsumsi ini juga membuat pemerintah terpaksa melakukan impor untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Hal ini tentu sangat mengkhawatirkan di tengah menipisnya cadangan BBM yang tersisa di Indonesia. Salah satu sektor yang membutuhkan konsumsi BBM di Indonesia adalah sektor transportasi. Di pulau Batam, meningkatnya pertumbuhan kendaraan juga semakin meningkatkan konsumsi BBM setiap tahunnya. Maka diperlukan suatu terobosan untuk membantu menurunkan konsumsi BBM seperti dengan penggunaan gas bumi sebagai alternatif bahan bakar untuk sektor transportasi. Salah satu pemanfaatan gas bumi sebagai alternatif bahan bakar ialah CNG (Compressed Natural Gas). Alokasi pemanfaatan CNG ini telah diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri No.l9 Tahun 2010. Namun, alokasi pemanfaatan CNG ini masih terkendala dengan minimnya infrastruktur di pulau Batam. Mininmya infrastruktur ini menyebabkan sistern distribusi CNG tidak dapat menjangkau dan memenuhi seluruh kebutuhan bahan bakar di pulau Batam. Untuk itu, perlu dikembangkanlah sistem pendistribusian CNG melalui penentuan metode suplai CNG, lokasi serta jumlah stasiun pengisian CNG untuk menjangkau seluruh potensi konsumen CNG dan meminimalisir harga jual CNG di tangan konsumen. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa metode distribusi CNG yang sesuai adalah mother & daughter system dengan I mother station yang melayani 5 daughter station. Sistem seperti ini akan menghasilkan harga jual kesetaraan CNG di pulau Batam sebesar Rp. 2.321,-­/lsp untuk metode pendanaan subsidi dan Rp. 3.426,-/lsp untuk metode pendanaan business as usual.

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As a great nation Indonesia needs to have a strategy to ensure national energy security. Currently, the energy consumption in Indonesia is dominated by the use of fuel oil BBM. This fuel is used by all elements of society in everyday life. The high and rising consumption of fuel oil also makes the government resorted to import them to meet the needs of the community. This is very worrying in the middle of the depletion of oil reserves left in Indonesia. One sector that requires fuel consumption in Indonesia is the transportation sector. On Batam Island, increased growth of economic also annually increases the vehicle 39's fuel consumption. A breakthrough to help lower fuel consumption as the use of natural gas as an alternative fuel for the transportation sector came into urgency. One of the utilization of natural gas as an alternative fuel is CNG (Compressed Natural Gas). The use of CNG has been allocated in the Ministry Policy Number 19 on 2010. However, the utilization of CNG allocation is still hampered by the lack of infrastructure on Batam island. This lack of infrastructure leads to problem onto the CNG distribution system where can not reach out and meet all the fuel demand in Batam Island. As a solution, a CNG distribution system is developed through the method of determining the supply methods of CNG, the location and number of CNG, filling stations for CNG, reach all potential consumers and minimize the selling price of CNG. This study concludes that the method of distribution is the appropriate with the current infrastructure condition is CNG mother and daughter station system with 1 mother daughter station that serves 5 daughter stations. Such system will result in the selling price of CNG in Batam Island of Rp. 2.321,-/lsp for subsidized funding method and Rp. 3.426.-/lsp for business as usual funding method."