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"Meskipun tidak berlangsung lama, masa pendudukan Inggris di tanah Jawa (1811-1816) menandai pergolakan sejarah yang penting dalam sejarah Indonesia. Sayangnya, tidak banyak sumber tertulis mengenai pandangan orang Jawa sendiri akan masa yang singkat tetapi penuh gejolak itu. Sampai sekarang, sedikit sekali catatan mengenai pandangan orang Jawa mengenai hubungannya dengan dan budaya kolonial Inggris pada zaman itu. Sebaliknya, banyak tulisan dari perspektif Inggris yang membahas periode ini, khususnya tokoh besar seperti Sir Stamford Raffles (1781-1826).Namun, Babad Bedhah ing Ngayogyakarta (1816), sebuah babad berupa buku harian milik seorang pangeran senior di Keraton Yogyakarta, Pangeran Aryo Panular (1771-1826), memberikan wawasan menarik akan masa tersebut. Dalam hal penulisan, bentuk yang dipilih sang pengarangnya pun amat langka: berupa puisi Jawa tradisional alias macapatan. Pangeran Panular yang juga pakde Pangeran Diponegoro ini mengawali babadnya di tengah-tengah serangan Inggris ke Yogyakarta pada pagi buta 20 Juni 1812 dan mengakhirinya pada Agustus 1816."

"Emigrating beyond earth puts space colonization into the context of human evolution. Rather than focusing on the technologies and strategies needed to colonize space, the authors examine the human and societal reasons for space colonization. They make space colonization seems like a natural step by demonstrating that if will continue the human species' 4 million-year-old legacy of adaptation to difficult new environments. The authors present many examples from the history of human expansion into new environments, including two amazing tales of human colonization, the prehistoric settlement of the upper Arctic around 5,000 years ago and the colonization of the Pacific islands around 3,000 years ago, which show that space exploration is no more about rockets and robots that Arctic exploration was about boating!"

"Kamar operasi berfungsi sebagai tempat untuk melakukan tindakan pembedahan yang membutuhkan kondisi steril. Mikroorganisme yang terdapat di udara dan area permukaan kamar operasi harus diminimalkan dengan cara sterilisasi dan desinfeksi mingguan. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui keefektifan prosedur desinfeksi mingguan. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian evaluatif dengan melakukan observasi hasil laboratorium koloni kuman sebelum dan sesudah tindakan desinfeksi mingguan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kamar operasi di Instalasi Bedah Sentral Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cibinong dengan metode konvensional dengan menggunakan total plate count (TPC) dan Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). Hasil penelitian sebelum desinfeksi didapatkan jumlah koloni kuman udara 1-10 CFU/m³, dinding kamar operasi 1-6 CFU/m³, dan lampu operasi 1-16 CFU/m³ dengan jenis bakteri staphylococcus epidermidis. Hasil penelitian sesudah desinfeksi ditemukan jumlah koloni kuman udara, dinding, dan lampu operasi 0 CFU/m³ serta tidak ada pertumbuhan mikoorganisme. Penurunan jumlah koloni kuman sebelum dan sesudah pemeriksaan laboratorium ini menunjukan keefektivitasan desinfeksi mingguan. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai bahan pertimbangan guna menjamin mutu pelayanan kamar operasi

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perating room serves as a place to perform surgery that require sterile conditions. Microorganism contained in the air and the surface area of the operating room should be minimized, with sterilization and disinfection weekly. The purpose of the research to determine effectiveness of disinfection procedure weekly. The design of this research using evaluative research method by observed the results of laboratory colonies of bacteria before and after disinfection measured weekly. Sample of this research was the operating room at Instalasi Bedah Sentral Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cibinong with a conventional method used the total plate count (TPC) and Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). The results obtained amount of research prior to disinfection of air germs koloni 1-10 CFU / m³, operating room wall 1-6 CFU / m³, and the operation lamp 1-16 CFU / m³ with a type of bacteria staphylococcus epidermidis. The results of the research found the number of colonies after disinfection of air germs, walls, and lamp operation 0 CFU / m³ and no growth mikoorganisme. The decrease in the number of colonies of bacteria before and after laboratory tests directed weekly disinfection effectiveness. The results of this research into consideration in order to ensure the quality of operating room services"

"This book demonstrates that ordinary, often illiterate colonial subjects of the Spanish empire were among the Enlightenments most adept practitioners. Broadly situated within postcolonial debates about the Enlightenment and modernity, it employs approaches from comparative social science, intellectual history, and legal history to demonstrate that, at end of the 1700s, colonial Spanish Americans began to sue one another with a zeal unseen on the peninsula. Part I examines how and how many lawsuits were generated in the empire. It analyzes civil litigation rates in six areas of Mexico, Peru, and Spain, including Mexico City, Oaxaca, Lima, Trujillo, Peru, the Montes de Toledo, Spain, and the peninsular high court of Valladolid. With chapters on the process of suing, and on the intellectual transformations and absolutist royal policy reforms on law and its practice, it explores legal culture in diverse capital cities and rural districts. Part II zeroes in on three types of civil cases that increased even more rapidly than the general rise of civil suits. The cases that colonial women, Indian commoners, and slaves initiated against masters, native leaders, and husbands challenged an older model of justice aimed at extralegal outcomes and casuistic jurisprudence. As they produced new ideas about freedom, natural rights, history, and merit in court, these subordinate litigants ultimately created an Enlightened law-centered culture. The conclusion considers why Spain and its colonies have remained marginal to the story of the advent of the modern."