Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Keberadaan Internal Partial Discharge dalam Saluran Kabel Tegangan Menengah disebabkan adanya rongga udara didalam isolasi kabel, yang dalam pembuatannya di pabrik sulit dihindari. Bila besarnya Internal Partial Discharge tersebut sesuai ketentuan Standar kemungkinan kegagalan isolasi (break down) dapat terjadi dalam waktu yang cukup lama antara 30 tahun sampai 100 tahun.

Bila akibat suatu dan lain hal, terjadi `rongga udara baru' dalam kabel tersebut, yang mungkin menimbulkan Internal Partial Discharge yang besar dan akhirnya mempercepat terjadinya kegagalan isolasi. Hal inilah yang diduga terjadi pada gangguan sambungan Saluran Kabel Tegangan Menengah dimana sering terjadi kegagalan isolasi.

Mengingat sulitnya meneliti rongga udara didalam kabel dan diperlukan waktu yang cukup lama, maka penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat lubang pada kabel sebagai tiruan `rongga udara baru' dalam isolasi kabel. Pembuatan lubang dilakukan dengan mengubah kedalaman (d) dan besarnya diameter (D) untuk melihat pengaruh Internal Partial Discharge tersebut. Untuk mencapai kegagalan isolasi kabel dilakukan dengan menaikkan tegangan (Uo) yang diterapkan pada kabel tersebut.

Dari hasil penelitian terlihat semakin besar diameter dan semakin dalam lubang yang dibuat semakin besar Internal Partial Discharge. Kegagalan isolasi terjadi pada scat Internal Partial Discharge mencapai harga tertentu. Dengan mengetahui besarnya Internal Partial discharge pada SKTM dapatlah diantisipasi langkah-langkah yang perlu dilakukan.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini bertujuan untuk memahami faktor internal dan faktor eksternal yang menyebabkan residen premature discharge dalam program rehabilitasi di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN. Premature discharge adalah residen yang pulang dari rehabilitasi sebelum waktu yang ditentukan baik dengan melarikan diri atau diambil keluarga di tengah program. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan karakteristik penelitian deskriptif analisis. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian terdiri atas data primer dan sekunder. Data primer didapatkan melalui wawancara kepada informan sebanyak 5 (lima) orang yang terdiri dari 2 (dua) residen, 1 (satu) komandan jaga, 1 (satu) perawat, dan 1 (satu) konselor. Sedangkan data sekunder didapatkan melalui penelusuran data-data di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN seperti rekam medis, data kepegawaian, dan lain-lain. Teori yang dipergunakan meliputi teori tentang premature discharge/ discharge against medical advice, demografi, narkoba, sikap terhadap pengobatan, staf, dan struktur organisasi. Kejadian premature discharge secara teori dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Namun hasil penelitian di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN menunjukkan faktor yang signifikan berpengaruh pada kejadian premature discharge dari sisi internal meliputi residen usia dewasa muda, residen yang tidak bekerja, pengguna ATS, residen yang memiliki keyakinan rendah selama menjalani rehabilitasi. Sedangkan dari faktor eksternal tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan pada kejadian premature discharge residen di Balai Besar Rehabillitasi BNN. Pembagian kerja di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN telah berjalan dengan baik, staf mampu menjadi role model yang baik, dan fasilitas bagi residen sudah mencukupi. Adanya temuan teori ini berguna bagi lembaga rehabilitasi dalam menentukan arah kebijakan layanan agar lebih menekankan keunikan residen dan memandang mereka secara holistik. Beberapa saran yang diberikan untuk mencegah munculnya premature disharge antara lain peningkatan kegiatan residen, optimalisasi sarana dan prasarana, peningkatan wawasan residen, peningkatan konseling individu bagi residen, serta peningkatan wawasan untuk staf.

---

This thesis aimed to understand the internal and external factors which cause premature discharge of residents in treatment programs of Rehabilitation Center of National Narcotics Board. Premature discharge is a process when resident don`t finish his/her moment of rehabilitation or in other way her/she finish before regular moment because of escape from facility or being terminated by her/his family. This research was conducted through qualitative approach with descriptive characteristics analysis. The data used in the research consisted of primary and secondary data. The primary data obtained through interviews to the informant as much as five (5) persons consisting of two (2) resident, 1 (one) guard commander, 1 (one) nurses, and 1 (one) counselor. While secondary data was taken by investigating and managing data from medical record, human resources, etc. Research was using theory about premature discharge/ discharge against medical advice, demography, substance abuse, attitude toward medical treatment, human research and organizational structure. The incidence of premature discharge theoretically influenced by two factors: internal factors and external factors. However, the results of research at Rehabilitation Center of National Narcotics Board showed significant factors affect the incidence of premature discharge from the internal side covers early adult resident, resident who does not work, ATS users, residents who have low confidence while undergoing rehabilitation. While external factors do not have a significant impact on the incidence of premature discharge resident in the Rehabilitation Center of National Narcotics Board. The division of labor in Rehabilitation Center of National Narcotics Board has gone well, the staff is able to be a good role model, and facilities for the resident to be sufficient. The findings of this theory is useful for rehabilitation institutions in determining the policy direction of the service in order to further emphasize the uniqueness of the resident and looking at them holistically Some recommendation will be given for next improvement such as an increase resident activities, optimize the facilities, increase resident insight, and educate the knowledge of staff.

Abstrak :
Self care penderita gagal jantung merupakan penentu keberhasilan perawatan. Self care membutuhkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang dapat diberikan melalui discharge planning sejak penderita dirawat. Discharge planning yang tidak maksimal memberikan pengaruh langsung dan menyebabkan rehospitalisasi serta penambahan lama perawatan. Discharge planning membutuhkan kolaborasi multidisiplin, pasien harus terlibat aktif dalam pelaksanaannya. Di Indonesia, rumah sakit mempunyai kewenangan mengatur pelaksanaan discharge planning, namun pada kenyataannya discharge planning disusun hanya dalam bentuk ringkasan yang akan disampaikan seperti jadwal kunjungan dan obat – obatan. Tujuan: mengidentifikasi pengaruh discharge planning terstruktur terhadap self care. Metode: quasy experiment dengan 46 menggunakan 3 kuisioner dan analisis meliputi univariat dan bivariat (beda 2 mean). Hasil: terdapat beda mean yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah interevensi pada kelompok intervensi. Kesimpulan: terdapat pengaruh pemberian discharge planning terhadap self care. Rekomendasi: dalam perawatan gagal jantung, discharge planning menjadi bagian penting untuk memaksimalkan perawatan dan self care.  ......Self-care of patients with heart failure is a determinant treatment to success. Patient’self-care requires knowledge and skills that can be provided through a program of discharge planning since the patient is admitted to the hospital. The discharge planning program that is not optimally given to the patient will produce direct effect and cause re-hospitalization and possible extended hospital stay. The implementation of the discharge planning requires multidisciplinary collaboration and the patient must be actively involved in the practice. In Indonesia, hospitals have authorities to regulate the implementation of discharge planning program, but in reality, what they said a discharge planning is consists of only a form of medical summary that concluded with a schedule of visits and medicines to be consumed. The objective of the study was to identify the effect of structured discharge planning structured on self-care of patients with heart failure. Method: A quasy experimental study has involved 46 subjects, used 3 different questionnaire and analysis included univariate and bivariate (Two Difference mean). The result showed that there is a significant difference mean before and after intervention in the treatment group. Conclusion: There is a significant effect of structured discharge planning on self-care. Recommendation: A structured discharge planning program becomes an important part of caring for patients with heart failure in order to maximize nursing care and self-care ability of the patients.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pembebasan sisa utang pailit sebagai upaya perlindungan bagi debitor pailit perseorangan. Di Indonesia ketentuan mengenai pembebasan sisa utang pailit tidak berlaku karena menurut Undang ndash; Undang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang yaitu UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 memyatakan bahwa kepailitan tidak membebaskan seorang yang dinyatakan pailit dari kewajiban membayar utang ndash; utangnya. Hal ini yang tentunya menimbulkan ketidakadilan bagi debitor pailit khususnya debitor pailit perseorangan yang beritikad baik dan memang sudah benar-benar tidak mampu lagi melunasi sisa utang kepailitannya tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penulis akan membandingkan hal ini dengan ketentuan hukum kepailitan yang berlaku dinegara lainnya yaitu negara Australia dan Negara Jepang sebagai negara pembanding. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif serta perbandingan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi usulan untuk peraturan yang akan datang sebagai salah satu upaya perlindungan debitor apabila dikemudian hari kreditor memintakan sisa utang yang telah lampau. ...... This thesis discusses the Discharge of bankruptcy debts as a safeguard for individual bankruptcy debtor. In Indonesia, the provisions concerning the discharge of the remaining debts of bankruptcy are not applicable because according to the Law of Bankruptcy and Resctructuring of Debt Payment, Law No. 37 of 2004, states that the bankruptcy does not release a person who is declared bankrupt from the obligation to pay its debts. This, of course, creates an injustice to the bankrupt debtor, especially the individual bankruptcy debtor with a good faith who is indeed completely unable to pay off the remaining bankruptcy debts. Therefore, the authors will compare this with the provisions of bankruptcy law applicable in other countries, namely Australia and Japan as a comparison country. This research is a qualitative research with normative juridical research method and comparison. This research is expected to be a proposal for the coming regulation as one of the debtor protection efforts if in the future the creditor asks for the rest of the past debt.

Abstrak :
HDPE High-density Polyethylene merupakan salah satu peralatan tegangan tinggi berbahan isolasi dimana bisa terjadi partial discharge. Kemampuan ketahanan isolasi listrik bergantung terhadap besarnya tegangan yang diterapkan. Tegangan pasokan terdistorsi karena adanya beban. Beban ini dipengaruhi oleh switching yang menyebabkan terjadinya modulasi harmonik. Aktivitas partial discharge di ukur dengan menggabungkan variasi harmonik ke-3,-5,-7 danvariasi sudut harmonik 0, 90,180,270. Pengukuran menggunakan partial discharge inception voltage dengan menaikkan tegangan selama 1 detik di setiap 10 detik hingga mencapai nilai tertentu dimana total distorsi harmonik bernilai konstan di 10. Hasil pengukuran frekuensi dasar di PDIV menghasilkan nilai tegangan lebih tinggi ketika terjadi variasi sudut harmonik di tegangan maksimum dan menghasilkan tren yang sama dengan simulasi tegangan maksimum. Hal ini mengakibatkan rata-rata charge dan repetition rate pada pengukuran memiliki tren yang sama. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan ketika sudut fasa berubah, maka tegangan maksimum juga berubah yang menyebabkan naiknya nilai kombinasi sudut gelombang. Perubahan ini akan mengakibatkan perubahan nilai rata-rata dan repetition rate. Pengaruh harmonik sudut fasa harmonik harus dipertimbangkan karena hasil dari nilai rata-rata charge dan repetition rate memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai frekuensi dasar p.p1 margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica. ...... HDPE High density Polyethylene is one of the common insulation material thatis used for high voltage equipment where partial discharge could happen. Theen durance of electrical insulation is dependent on the voltage that applied. Supply voltage being distorted caused by loads. This load is influenced by switching which cause harmonic modulation. Partial discharge activity is being monitored by combining the fundamental frequency with variant of harmonics 3rd, 5th, 7th and also the variant of phase angle of harmonics 0, 90, 180, 270. The measurement is focused on partial discharge inception voltage by stepping up voltage for 1s in every 10s until it reaches the specific value where THD was kept constant at 10. The measurement The fundamental frequency in PDIV results ina higher voltage than the varied phase angle harmonics combination in VMAX, where it can also be concluded that the trend of varied combination has the same trend of the simulation of VMAX. Thus, the average charge and repetition rate of varied measurements have also the same trend. It can be concluded when phase angle shifted, VMAX is also shifted causing the peak value of combined waveformincrease. This affected the changing of average charge and repetition rate. The influence of phase angle harmonics should be considered, since the result of the average charge and repetition rate has higher value than the fundamental frequency. p.p1 margin 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px font 12.0px Helvetica span.s1 font 8.0px Helvetica.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pada penelitian ini digunakan reaktor Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis dengan sistem batch untuk pengolahan limbah air yang mengandung amonia dengan menggunakan limbah sintetis ammonium sulfat dan larutan KOH. Volume reaktor yang dirancang sebesar 500 ml, dengan cooling jacket memiliki kapasitas maksimum 400 ml dangan laju pendinginan 11.1 ml/s. Anoda yang digunakan terbuat dari bahan tungsten berbentuk silinder dengan panjang 17.5 cm dan diameter sebesar 0.31 cm. Sedangkan katoda terbuat dari stainless steel berbentuk silinder dengan panjang 15 cm dan diameter 0.69 cm. Tegangan yang diberikan yaitu tegangan DC dengan kapasitas maksimum 1000 volt. Dari reaktor yang telah dibuat, dilakukan beberapa uji kinerja meliputi variasi tegangan, temperatur, kedalaman anoda serta pengukuran produktivitas radikal OH melalui pengukuran konsentrasi Hidrogen Peroksida selama proses CGDE berlangsung. Dari hasil penelitian didapat kondisi yang optimum yaitu pada tegangan dengan voltase 700 volt, temperatur 50-60 0C dan dengan kedalaman anoda 5 mm dan persentasi degradasi amonia yang dihasilkan mencapai 89.3 % dengan konsumsi energi untuk mendegradasi amonia mencapai 673,053 kilojoule/mol amonia terdegradasi dan konsentrasi hidrogen peroksida sebesar 0.90 mmol.

---

ABSTRACT
In this research, there was making Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis reactor using batch system for ammonia contained waste water treatment using syntetic waste water made from ammoniuum sulfat and KOH. Reactor?s volume is 500 ml with coling jacket that has 400 ml volume and cooling water flow rate 11 ml/s. Cylinder anoda was used and made from tungsten with 17,5 cm length and 0,31 cm diameter. While the cylinder cathode was made from stainless steel with 15 cm length and diameter 0,69 cm. The voltation was direct current with maximum capacity of 1000 volt. From the builded reactor, some working parameter was measured like voltation, temperatur, and anode deepness variation. The other parameter was hydoxyl radical productivity by measuring hydrogen peroxide while CDGE process was running. This research indicates optimum condition by using 700 volt voltation with 50-60 0C temperatur and anode deepness 5 mm where ammonia degradation presentation reach 89,3 % while consumes energy as much as 673,053 kilojoule/mol degradated ammonia and generated hydrogen peroxide degradation reach 0,90 mmol.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Keputihan merupakan sering dijumpai menjadi alasan wanita berobat ke dokter. Pengenalan faktor risiko dan gejala yang menyertainya serta kaitannya dengan penyebab mikrobiologi keluhan keputihan dapat berguna bagi klinisi dalam praktik sehari-hari. Penelitian ini mencari hubungan antara faktor risiko dan gejala yang dialami terhadap temuan mikrobiologi penyebab keputihan pada wanita usia reproduksi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang di Departemen Obstetri & Ginekologi RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Wawancara dilakukan pada pasien di poliklinik dengan keluhan keputihan untuk identifikasi faktor risiko dan gejala. Temuan mikrobiologi dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan yang spesifik sebagai baku emas. Hasil: Sebanyak 81 subjek ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Candida sp merupakan penyebab infeksi tunggal terbanyak yang ditemukan (17 subjek, 12,3%). Hubungan seksual yang sering (≥3 times/week, p<0,001) dan keputihan meningkat setelah berhubungan seksual (p=0.04) bmerupakan faktor risiko dan gejala yang berhubungan dengan Bacterial vaginosis, berturut-turut. Bau amis (p=0,09), nyeri vulva (p=0,026), dan peningkatan keputihan setelah hubungan seksual (p=0,002) merupakan gejala yang berhubungan dengan Trichomonas vaginalis. Gatal (p=0,028), keputihan seperti gumpalan susu (p<0,001), dan keputihan meningkat setelah hari ke-14 siklus menstruasi (p<0.001) berhubungan dengan Candida sp sementara penggunaan pil KB kombinasi (p=0,03) dan perdarahan setelah hubungan seksual (p=0,009) merupakan gejala yang berhubungan dengan Chlamydia trachomatis. Kesimpulan: Beberapa faktor risiko dan gejala berhubungan dengan temuan mikrobiologi spesifik sebagai penyebab keluhan keputihan pada populasi wanita usia reproduksi.;

---

ABSTRACT Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.

Abstrak :
Karakteristik setiap baterai berbeda satu dan lainnya, tergantung pada kondisi pengoperasian (tipe dan kelajuan pelepasan muatan baterai serta ambien temperatur) dan kondisi baterai (jenis dan keadaan baterai). Perbedaan karakteristik ini mengakibatkan waktu pelepasan muatan/ discharge masingmasing baterai juga akan berbeda. Biasanya, untuk memperoleh informasi waktu discharge baterai diperlukan serangkaian test yang rumit, yang akan membutuhkan waktu, tenaga dan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Karena alasan tersebut, maka diperlukan cara yang lebih mudah dan efisien bagi pengguna baterai dalam memperoleh informasi waktu discharge, yang dapat diaplikasikan ke berbagai variasi operasi dan kondisi baterai. Pada tulisan ini ditampilkan sebuah pendekatan menggunaan grafik hubungan antara tegangan discharge dan waktu discharge pada baterai Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) tipe gel dengan kapasitas 100 Ah dan tegangan 12 volt, yang di-discharge menggunakan arus konstan dengan kelajuan pelepasan muatan (discharge-rate) 10 jam dan 20 jam pada temperatur 25°C dan 40°C, untuk memperoleh perkiraaan SOC (state of charge) pada saat discharge dan perkiraan sisa waktu pelepasan muatan (discharge reserve time). ......Characteristics of each battery is different one and other, depending on the operating conditions (battery discharge type and rate and ambient temperature) and the battery conditions (battery type and health). Differences in these characteristics result the discharge time for each battery will also be different. Usually, to obtain information about battery's discharge time required a series of complicated tests, which will spend much time, effort and cost. For this reason, it is necessary to get the easier and more efficient way for users to obtain information on the battery discharge time, which can be applied to a wide variety of operations and battery conditions. This paper presents an approach using the graph that shown a relationship between discharge voltage and discharge time of Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) gel battery (100 Ah and 12 volts), in constant current discharge and discharge-rate 10 hours and 20 hours at temperature of 25°C and 40°C, to obtain the SOC (state of charge) and discharge reserve time estimation.