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"This title discusses various effects of heavy metal exposure to legumes as well as the bioremediation potential of rhizosphere microbes. Availability of heavy metals, their uptake and the effects of metals on various signaling pathways within legumes are presented. Furthermore, the effects of heavy metals to nitrogen fixing microorganisms and how microsymbionts can overcome metal stress is presented in detail. The role of nitrogen fixers in decontamination of heavy metal toxicity, mycoremediation of metal contaminated soils, microbially mediated transformation of heavy metals and action of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fixers together in detoxifying heavy metals are broadly explained."

"Pengamatan kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn dan Ni di perairan muara Sungai Membramo Papua telah dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2003. Hasilnya menunjukkan kandungan Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, dan Ni masih sesuai dengan Nilai Ambang Batas yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian KLH 1988 untuk kepentingan perikanan. Secara keseluruhan dalam air laut kadar Zn lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan logam yang lain, sedangkan dalam sedimen kadar Ni lebih tinggi. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa pada saat pengamatan perairan muara Sungai Membramo lebih banyak menerima masukan limbah yang mengandung Zn dan Ni.

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Heavy Metals Content Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn And Ni In Sea Water And Sediment In Membramo Estuary And Its Relationship With Fishery Cultivation. Obervation on heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni content in Jakarta Bay were carried out in August 2003. The results showed that the Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni content still in line with threshold value stated by for fisheries. By the all, in sea water Zn content is higher compared to the others, while in sediment Ni is higher. This data showed the result show that on waters of Membramo River Zn and Ni waste than others elements."

"Pengamatan kadar logam berat dalam air laut di Teluk Jakarta telah dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2004. Logam berat yang diteliti adalah Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, dan Ni. Pengamatan ini ada kaitannya dengan kematian massal ikan-ikan yang terjadi di Teluk Jakarta. Pengamatan ini dilakuan di pantai Ancol 1 (3 stasiun), muara Sungai Dadap (4 Stasiun), pantai Ancol 2 (4 stasiun) dan Cilincing (3 stasiun). Hasilnya menunjukkan kadar Hg, Cd dan Cu rerata di pantai Ancol 1 berturut-turut adalah <0.001 ppm, Pb 0.001 ppm, Zn 0.004 ppm, dan Ni 0.001 ppm. Di pantai Ancol 2 kadar Hg, Cd, dan Zn rerata berturut-turut adalah <0.001 ppm, Pb 0.002 ppm, dan Cu 0.001 ppm dan Ni 0.0017 ppm. Di Cilincing kadar Hg, Cd, dan Zn rerata adalah <0.001ppm, Pb dan Cu masing-masing 0.002 ppm, dan Ni 0.0045 ppm Di muara Sungai Dadap kadar Hg dan Cd masing-masing adalah 0.001 ppm, Pb dan Zn masing-masing adalah 0.0027 ppm, Cu 0.001 ppm, dan Ni 0.0012 ppm. Di pantai Ancol 3 kadar Hg rerata adalah 0.021 ppm, Pb 0.55 ppm dan Cd 0.1 ppm. Kadar keenam logam berat tersebut di pantai Ancol 1, 2, Cilincing, dan muara Sungai Dadap relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan NAB yang ditetapkan oleh Kantor MNLH (2004) untuk biota laut yakni 0.001 ppm untuk Hg dan Cd, 0.008 ppm untuk Pb dan Cu, dan 0.05 ppm untuk Zn dan Ni, sedangkan di pantai Ancol 3 kadar Hg, Pb, dan Cd lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan NAB tersebut. Dengan demikian kadar Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, dan Ni di perairan pantai Ancol 1, 2, Cilincing dan muara Sungai Dadap belum berbahaya bagi kehidupan ikan-ikan di Teluk Jakarta, sedangkan di perairan Ancol 3 kadar Hg, Pb, dan Cd sudah berbahaya bagi kehidupan biota laut. Namun demikian kematian massal ikan-ikan di perairan ini bukan disebabkan oleh logam berat tersebut, akan tetapi oleh faktor lain yang salah satunya adalah ledakan mendadak fitoplankton beracun yang mengeluarkan toksin dimana air laut menjadi berwarna merah dan kejadian ini dikenal dengan pasang merah (red tide).

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Effect of Heavy Metals Pollution to Seawater Quality and Fishery Resources (Case Study on Fish Death in Jakarta Bay). Observation on heavy metals content in sea water were carried out in Jakarta Bay waters in May 2004. Heavy metals observed were Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni. This observation is conducted with fishes total death in this waters. Observation is done in Ancol beach 1 (3 stations), Ancol beach 2 (4 stations), Cilincing (3 stations), and Dadap River estuary (4 Station). The results showed that the average concentration of Hg, Cd and Cu in Ancol beach 1 were <0.001 ppm respectively, Pb is 0.001 ppm, Zn is 0.004 ppm, and Ni is 0.001 ppm. In Ancol beach 2 the average concentration of Hg, Cd, and Zn were <0.001 ppm, Pb is 0.002 ppm, Cu is 0.001 ppm and Ni 0.0017 ppm. In Cilincing the average concentration of Hg, Cd, and Zn were <0.001 ppm respectively, Pb and Cu were 0.002 ppm, and Ni was 0.0045 ppm. In Dadap River Estuary the average concentration of Hg and Cd were 0.001 ppm, Pb and Zn were 0.0027 ppm, Cu was 0.001 ppm, and Ni between 0.0012 ppm. The concentration of that sixth heavy metals in Ancol beach 1, 2, Cilincing, and Dadap River estuary still lower compared to the Threshold Value (TV) stated by The Office of State Ministry for Life Environment (2004) for sea biota namely 0.001 ppm for Hg and Cd, 0.008 ppm for Pb and Cd, 0.05 ppm for Zn and Ni. That way the concentration of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in Ancol beach 1, 2, Clilincing and Dadap estuary not danger for sea biota, while in Ancol beach 3, the average concentration of Hg, Pb, and Cd has danger for sea biota. Thereby total death of fishes in this waters not caused by heavy metals, but by others factors, one of that factors is blooming toxic phytoplankton which produced toxin where sea water change to be red, and this phenomena known as red tide."

"Untuk meneliti kandungan Pb dalam tanaman kangkung telah dilakukan penelitian menggunakan kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans) yang ditanam pada media hidroponik, dan disiram dengan Multigrow Complete Plant Food (2000 mg/L) larutan Pb (2 mg/L) dua kali sehari. Sampel kangkung diambil berdasarkan umur tanaman (3 dan 6 minggu), dan bagian tanaman (akar dan seluruh bagian tanaman tanpa akar). Digunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICPS) Fison 3410+ untuk mengukur kandungan Pb dalam sampel. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa dalam tanaman akumulasi Pb terutama terdapat di akar.Pada tanaman kangkung yang berumur 6 minggu Pb terdapat dalam akar sebanyak 3.36 mg/kg sampel dan di bagian lain dari tanaman terdapat kandungan Pb sebesar 2.09 mg/kg sampel, dimana jumlah ini melampaui jumlah maksimum yang diperolehkan untuk dikonsumsi yang ditetapkan oleh Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (maximum dietary allowance) yaitu 2 mg/kg; sedangkan pada tanaman yang berumur 3 minggu kandungan Pb nya dalam akar adalah 1.86 mg/kg sampel dalam bagian lain dari tanaman sebesar 1.13 mg/kg dan tidak melampaui batas yang ditetapkan oleh BPOM. Karena itu dianjurkan untuk memanen kangkung pada umur tidak lebih dari 3 minggu.

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Study on Pb Content in 3 Week and 6 Week Old Kangkung (Ipomoea reptans Poir) Planted in Pb containing Media. A study on the content of Pb in kangkung has been conducted. Land kangkung (Ipomoea reptans) was used as the sample, and was planted in hydrophonic media, and watered with Multigrow Complete Plant Food (2000 mg/L) and Pb solution (2 mg/L) twice a day. Samples were taken based on the age (3 and 6 week old), and part of the plant (root and all parts without root). Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICPS) Fison 3410+ was used to measure the Pb content. It was shown that in the plant the accumulation was mostly happened in the root. The 6 week-old plant contained Pb not just in the root (3.36 mg/kg sample) but also in the other part of the plant (2.09 mg/kg sample) and those were exceeded the maximum dietary allowance (2 mg/kg sample) regulated by the Indonesian FDA; while in the 3 week-old plant the Pb content in the root was 1.86 mg/kg sample and in the other part of the plan was 1.13 mg/kg, which is not exceeded the dietary allowance. So it is advisable to harvest the kangkung vegetable at the most of 3 week-old."

"The partial toxicity test of copper (Cu2+),zinc (Zn2+) and cyanide (CN-) for young cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fishes 45 days-ld were conducted in Doson station during ten days (Yr 2005)...."

"A survey on heavy metal content in seawater and sediment was conducted in Jakarta bay in May and October 2004.There is indication of significant presence of heavy metal in sediment...."

"The isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited resistance to heavy metals such as cadmium ,chromium, nickel and lead. Plasmid DNA was isolated from P. aeruginosa and designated as pBC 15...."

"Landfills Namo Bintang located on the street Pancurbatu - Delitua, sub Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang regency, is a reservoir of waste that came from Medan city and District Pancurbatu. With the operation of the wholesale market Tuntungan (moving from the morning market in Medan Sutomo road) which is located about 3 km from the landfill, then the volume jpf waste in the landfill Namo Bintang will be increased and more smell; reopening of the landfill to collect the garbage from the wholesale market on the market Pancurbatu. Landfills Namo Bintang yet have sewage treatment facilities into materials that are more useful for example compost, landfills is impressed less attention and garbage only in landfills without ig processed at all. The number of garbage collectors who came to take it waste, scrap metal, etc., make it look alive landfill, but the location is seedy and smelly. Around the landfill, there are houses, mostly of ethnic and Java. The content of heavy metals in water wells around the 11, creates a need for us to conduct research chemical analysis of the We from landfills Namo Bintang, whether leachate from the landfill Bintang has been contaminated by heavy metals such as (0,00034mg/L), iron(0,00078mg/L), zinc(0,00S7MG/l), (0,00058mg/L), lead(0,00087mg/L) and arsenic(0,00032mg/L) e garbage is piled on the location of the landfill. The results of laboratory analyzes showed no heavy metals exceeded the threshold contained in the leachate from the three locations. This proves the absence of that occurred in leachate from three sampling sites"

"Bentonit yang termodifikasi oleh oksida besi telah dilaporkan memiliki daya adsorpsi lebih tinggi dibandingkan monmorilllonit, oleh sebab itu dilakukan modifikasi bentonit dengan memvariasikan perbandingan mol oksida besi (Fe3O4) untuk mendapatkan sifat magnet yang berbeda dan daya serap yang lebih besar. Bentonit magnetik yang termodifikasi oksida besi dibuat menggunakan prekursor besi (III) dan besi (II) dengan menggunakan metode presipitasi. Bentonit magnetik dibuat Dengan memvariasikan mol Fe (III) dan Fe (II) 1:1 dan 1:2. Didapatkan bahwa BOB1211 (Bentonit Oksida Besi 1:2 dan mol Fe (III) dan Fe (II) 1:1) memiliki sifat magnet yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan BOB1212 yaitu sebesar 8,226 emu/g dan 6,383 emu/g. Pada BOB 1212 penambahan Fe (II) menurunkan sifat magnet. Sampel yang telah dibuat digunakan untuk aplikasi adsorpsi logam berat Cd2+ dan Co2+. Waktu optimum yang didapatkan untuk menyerap logam berat selama 60 menit. Adsorpsi logam Co2+ lebih besar dibandingkan adsorpsi logam Cd2+ dikarenakan pada BOB1211 terjadi pilarisasi magnetik pada interlayer monmorillonit. Didapatkan logam yang paling banyak teradsorp oleh bentonit oksida besi pada logam Co2+ dengan konsentrasi 1mM pada adsorben BOB 1211 sebanyak 92,72%. Logam Co2+ terjerap tidak hanya karena sifat keelektronegatifan yang dimiliki oleh monmorillonit tetapi juga karena sifat magnetik yang terdapat pada oksida besi yang berada pada interlayer monmorilonit. Logam Co2+ memiliki sifat paramagnetik yang memungkinkan lebih dapat ditarik oleh magnet. Sedangkan logam Cd2+ yang memiliki sifat diamagnetik tidak dapat ditarik seluruhnya oleh medan magnetik induksi yang dimiliki Bentonit Oksida Besi. Sehingga logam Co2+ lebih teradsorpsi oleh Bentonit oksida besi.

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Bentonite which is modified by iron oxide precursor has been reported that has higher adsorption properties than montmorillonite. Therefore, in this study, bentonite will be modified by varying the mole ratio of iron oxide (Fe3O4) to obtain different magnetic properties and greater adsorption properties. Magnetic bentonite modified iron oxide was made using iron (III) and iron (II) by using precipitation method. Magnetic bentonite was made by varying the mole ratio of Fe(III) and Fe (II) is 1:1 and 1:2. As a result, BOB 1211 (Bentonite Iron Oxide 1:2 and The ratio mole of Fe(III) and Fe(II) 1:1) has a higher magnetic properties than BOB 1212 is 8,226 emu/g and 6,383 emu/g. BOB 1212 on the addition of Fe(II) decrease the magnetic properties. Samples which have been made are used for heavy metal adsorption applications Cd2+ and Co2+. The optimum time to absorb heavy metals was 60 minutes. Metal adsorption Co2+ was greater than Cd2+ because on BOB 1211 occurred magnetic pilaritation of interlayer montmorillonite. The most metal absorbed by Iron Oxide Bentonite in Co2+ with 1 mM concentration on the adsorbent BOB 1211 is much as 92.72%. Co2+ adsorbed not only because of the nature of electro negativity which is owned by monmorillonit but also because of the magnetic properties of iron oxide contained in the interlayer monmorillonit. Metal Co2+ has characteristic of paramagnetic that can be withdrawn by magnets. Whereas Cd2+ metal which has a characteristic of dimagnetic can not be withdrawn entirely by the induction owned by Iron Oxide Bentonite."