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Abstrak :
We report three rare cases of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Two cases are of gastric MALT lymphoma and one is a case of transverse colon MALT lymphoma. The two cases of gastric MALT lymphoma were diagnosed by endoscopy which demonstrated an ulcer in the cardia and another in the corpus. The first case is in a 62-year-old male. The patients medical history revealed upper GI tract bleeding with melaena in 1993. At the time no diagnosis was made on endoscopy In August 2000, melaena recurred and endoscopy showed an ulcer in the cardio. Histology showed high-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. Based on Ann Arbor classification, the patient was classified as stage IE gastrointestinal lymphoma. H. pylori was negative. The patient received chemotherapy The second case is in a 53-year-old male. He suffered from gastric lymphoma for 3 years. He complained of annually recurring haematemesis before a definitive diagnosis was finally established. He suffered jiom stage IE low-grade well-differentiated lymphocytic MALT lymphoma. H. pylori was negative. Endoscopic procedure after H. pylori eradication showed ulcer regression though histology still showed low-grade MALT lymphoma and H. pylori as positive. The third case is in a 46-year-old male with a complaint of haematochezia. Colonoscopy showed intususception due to tumor in the transverse colon. Histologic examination showed chronic colitis and granulomatosa. lnvagination due to colon tumor was reported. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen showed low-grade small cell lymphocyte-plasmocytoid lymphoma.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Prevalensi infeksi Helicobacter pylori yang masih tinggi di beberapa negara. Penelitian di Guang Zhou terjadi penurunan seroprevalensi infeksi Helicobacter pylori antara tahun 1993 2003 dari 62 5 menjadi 47. Studi prevalensi di salah satu RS swasta Jakarta menunjukkan penurunan prevalensi infeksi Helicobacter pylori dari 12 5 di tahun 1998 menjadi 2 9 di tahun 2005 Perlunya diketahui seroprevalensi dikomunitas saat ini apakah sesuai dengan penurunan yang terjadi pada penelitian berbasis rumah sakit dan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi infeksi Helicobacter pylori di masyarakat. Tujuan: Mengetahui seroprevalensi dan faktor faktor sosiodemografis yang berhubungan dengan infeksi Helicobacter pylori. Metode: Studi potong lintang terhadap 111 pasien dispepsia yang berobat di Puskesmas Kelurahan Kalibaru Jakarta Utara Januari-Februari 2015. Dilakukan analisa bivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor faktor dengan infeksi Helicobacter pylori menggunakan uji chi square dan uji T tidak berpasangan serta alternatifnya. Analisa multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Pada 111 pasien dewasa dengan keluhan dispepsia yang berobat ke Puskesmas Kelurahan Kalibaru didapatkan seroprevalensi Helicobacter pylori sebesar 22 5 95 IK 14 8 30 2. Usia tidak berhubungan dengan infeksi Helicobacter pylori p 0 270. Semakin tinggi tingkat sosial ekonomi semakin rendah rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 0 2 95 IK 0 02-1 71. Semakin tinggi indeks kepadatan penduduk semakin tinggi rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 1 2 95 IK 0 37-4 49. Semakin rendah clean water index semakin tinggi rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 1 5 95 IK 0 57-4 04. Semakin rendah status sanitasi semakin tinggi rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 2 5 95 IK 1 01-6 19. Kesimpulan: Seroprevalensi Helicobacter pylori pada pasien dispepsia kelurahan Kalibaru sebesr 22 5 95 IK 14 8 30 2. Didapatkan hubungan antara sanitasi lingkungan dengan Helicobacter pylori. ......Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in some countries remains high. Study in Guang Zhou showed a decrease in seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori from 62 5 in 1993 to 47 in 2003. Prevalence studies in one of the private hospitals in Jakarta showed a decrease in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection from 12 5 in 1998 to 2 9 in 2005. It is important to know the seroprevalence in community nowadays and its related factors in society. Objective: To identify seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its socio demogrphic related factors. Method: A cross sectional study in 111 patients with dyspepsia who got treatment in Kalibaru Primary Health Care in North Jakarta from January to February 2015. A bivariate analysis was done to know relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and its related factors using chi square unpaired t test and their alternatives. Multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression test. Result: Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori of 111 dyspepsia patients who get treatment in Kalibaru Primary Helath Care in this study was 22 5 95 CI 14 8 30 2. There is no relationship between age and Helicobacter pylori infection p 0 270 Higher socio economic class was related to lower risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 0 2 95 IK 0 02-1 71. Higher crowding index was related to higher risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 1 2 95 IK 0 37-4 49. Lower clean water index was related to higher risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 1 5 95 IK 0 57-4 04. Lower sanitation status was related to higher risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 2 5 95 IK 1 01-6 19. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patient with dyspepsia in Kalibaru village was 22 5 95 CI 14 8 30 2. There is a relation between sanitation and Helicobacter pylori infection.

Abstrak :
Infeksi Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius, karena infeksi ini dihubungkan dengan serangkaian kelainan gastrointestinal seperti gastritis kronik, ulkus ventrikulus, ulkus duodenum, karsinoma gaster, hiperplasia folikel limfoid dan limfoma malignum (maltoma). Prevalensi H. pylori pada gastritis kronik dengan ulkus bervariasi antara 40% - 90% (1), sedangkan pada gastritis kronik tanpa ulkus antara 30% - 60% (2). Walaupun prevalensi cukup tinggi, tetapi terdapat kelompok yang menderita infeksi H. pylori tanpa menunjukkan gejala klinik yang bermakna (3,4). Mekanisme terjadinya kerusakan epitel mukosa lambung pada infeksi H. pylori masih diperdebatkan oleh para ahli apakah oleh efek langsung H. pylori terhadap sel epitel mukosa larnbung atau oleh reaksi inflamasi yang ditimbulkan, Chan (5) dan Hui (6) berpendapat bahwa kerusakan mukosa lambung merupakan akibat langsung dari H. pylori, dan tidak berhubungan dengan reaksi inflamasi, Genta (7,8) menemukan bahwa jumlah folikel limfoid dan limfosit pada lamina propria berhubungan dengan kerusakan epitel., sedangkan sebukan sel radang akut dan normalisasi epitel permukaan sejalan dengan densitas H. pylori. Hubungan antara atrofi kelenjar, metaplasia intestinalis dan kerusakan epitel permukaan lambung belum banyak dibicarakan, tetapi ada pendapat (9) bahwa: atrofi mukosa gaster ialah hilangnya jaringan kelenjar, sehingga menyebabkan tipisnya mukosa dan menyebabkan kerusakan keras mukosa. Hilangnya jaringan kelenjar ini dapat karena proses inflamasi yang lama dan digantikan oleh fibrosis. Pergantian epitel antrum dengan epitel intestinal disebut metaplasia intestinal yang menimbulkan kesan adanya atrofi kelenjar secara mikroskopik, walaupun metaplasia sebenarnya adalah proses yang berdiri sandhi. Atrofi mukosa oxyntic berhubungan dengan hilangnya sekresi asam lambung dan terjadinya metaplasia intestinal. Atrofi keras mukosa antrum biasanya dihubungkan dengan metaplasia intestinal dan meninggikan resiko terjadinya keganasan. Atrofi dapat juga ditemukan tanpa adanya metaplasia intestinal terutama pada gastritis autoimun. Penilaian derajat infeksi H. pylori dan perubahan patologi mukosa lambung yang meliputi sebukan sel radang mendadak dan menahun, metaplasia intestinal dan atrofi kelenjar pada sediaan biopsi lambung dapat juga untuk memprediksi prognosis gastritis kronik.

Abstrak :
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection in human. The role of Hp infection in various GI disorders had been widely accepted. However, further studies have found new extragastrointestinal involvement such as urticaria. Chronic urticaria is a common disorder that has complex pathophysiologic mechanism. As mater of fact, etiology remains unclear in most of the cases. This condition is called Idiopathic Chronic Urticaria. Several studies had shown high prevalence of Hp infection in patients with ICU and improved symptoms after eradication therapy of Hp. This observation had suggested that Hp has important role as etiologic factor in some cases of ICU. The presence of Hp infection and its role in ICU should be proven before initiating eradication therapy, so that irrational used of drugs and antibiotics resistance can be prevented.

Abstrak :
Gastric epithelial cells apoptosis induced by Helicobacter pylori depends on microhial and host factors. Apoptosis on mitochondrial level by Bc!2 family protein is the main pathway for Helicobacter pylori induced gastric epithelial cells apoptosis, though there are roles for apoptosis through Fas receptors or TNF. Imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis gastric epithelial cells determines the risk for neoplastic transformation. Increase of gastric epithelial cells apoptosis seems to have an obligation for initiating secondary hyperproliferative response. If altruistic cellular death fails to oppose this process, uncontrollable cellular growth leading to neoplastic transformation will occur.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Gastritis merupakan suatu peradangan pada mukosa lambung sebagai respon terhadap infeksi atau iritasi lambung. Penyebab gastritis kronik yang paling sering adalah infeksi Helicobacter pylori. Adanya Helicobacter pylori berkaitan dengan terjadinya inflamasi, atropi, serta metaplasia intestinal. Bakteri Helicobacter pylori secara morfologi dikenal dengan 2 bentuk yaitu berupa batang dan coccoid. Bakteri yang berbentuk coccoid sulit terdeteksi dengan pewarnaan Giemsa. Untuk itu diperlukan pewarnaan imunohistokimia Helicobacter pylori dan mengukur sensitivitas Helicobacter pylori berbentuk coccoid. Bahan dan metode: Studi potong lintang terhadap 90 jaringan biopsi pasien gastritis kronik pada tahun 2015 dan 2014 yang meliputi 30 kasus Giemsa dengan Helicobacter pylori positif, 30 kasus gastritis kronik aktif dengan Helicobacter pylori negatif tapi ditemukan bentuk coccoid, dan 30 kasus gastritis kronik non aktif, kemudian dilakukan pewarnaan imunohistokimia Helicobacter pylori. Hasil: Ekspresi Helicobacter pylori bentuk coccoid pada kronik aktif memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) pada pulasan imunohistokimia. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara gastritis kronik aktif H.pylori positif dan H.pylori negatif pada pulasan IHK dengan derajat inflamasi. Uji sensitivitas dan spesifisitas antara pemeriksaan Giemsa dan pulasan imunohistokimia, hasil sensitivitas 65% dan spesifisitasnya 100% . Kesimpulan: Pewarnaan imunohistokimia pada gastritis kronik aktif lebih sensitif dibandingkan dengan pewarnaan Giemsa untuk mendeteksi Helicobacter pylori terutama jenis coccoid . Kata kunci: gastritis kronik aktif, Giemsa, imunohistokimia Helicobacter pylori

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ABSTRACT
Background: Gastritis is a mucosal inflammation response against infection or gastric irritation. Chronic gastritis most frequently was caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. The presence of Helicobacter pylori was associated with inflammation, atrophy, as well as intestinal metaplasia. Helicobacter pylori bacteria has two morphological form consist of rods and coccoid. Bacteria coccoid shaped was hard to detect with Giemsa staining. It is necessary to perform immunohistochemical staining to increase the diagnosis sensitivity of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter pylori in coccoid. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study against 90 biopsy of chronic gastritis years 2015 and 2014 which covers 30 cases of Giemsa staining with Helicobacter pylori positive, 30 cases chronic gastritis active with Helicobacter pylori negative but with coccoid form of Helicobacter pylori, and 30 cases discovered form coccoid, and 30 cases chronic gastritis non active , then performed immunohistochemical staining for Helicobacter pylori. Results: Expression of Helicobacter pylori in active chronic coccoid form has a significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) on immunohistochemical staining . There is a significant difference between active chronic gastritis H. pylori- positive and H. pylori- negative staining Immunohistochemistry with the degree of inflammation . The sensitivity and specificity test result between Giemsa examination and immunohistochemical staining was sensitivity of 65% and specificity of 100 % . Conclusions : Immunohistochemical Staining in active chronic gastritis is more sensitive than Giemsa staining to detect Helicobacter pylori especially in coccoid form. Keywords: Active chronic gastritis, Giemsa, immunohistochemistry Helicobacter pylori

Abstrak :
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram negative and pleomorphic bacteria taht able to change its morphology according to environment....

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Prevalensi H.pylori di Indonesia berbeda pada masing-masing daerah dan etnis di Indonesia. Prevalensi, faktor virulensi dan faktor risiko infeksi H.pylori di Indonesia timur belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan data prevalensi infeksi H.pylori, faktor virulensi Cag Pathogenecity Island (Cag-PAI) yang dihubungkan dengan gambaran endoskopi dan histopatologi serta faktor risiko infeksi H.pylori di Indonesia timur. Penelitian ini menganalisis data secara retrospektif dari pengumpulan sampel di kota Kupang, Kolaka, Palu, Ternate dan Merauke. Data yang didapatkan berupa hasil wawancara, pemeriksaan esofagogastroduodenoskopi, pemeriksaan histopatologi, dan pemeriksaan gen Cag-PAI pada kuman H.pylori. Data dari pemeriksaan rapid urease test, histopatologi dan dikonfirmasi dengan IHK mendapatkan angka prevalensi rata-rata adalah 16,6%. Prevalensi tertinggi didapatkan di Kupang (36,4%) diikuti Merauke (20%). Berdasarkan etnis prevalensi terbesar ditemukan pada etnis Timor (40%), etnis Bugis (20,8%) dan etnis Papua (20%). Gambaran endoskopi pada pasien dengan H.pylori positif yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah gastritis (64,7%) diikuti gambaran gastritis atrofik (26.5%) dimana proporsi gambaran gastritis atrofik lebih besar pada H.pylori positif. Pasien dengan H.pylori positif didapatkan memiliki derajat inflamasi dan atrofi yang lebih berat. Faktor virulensi Cag-PAI didapatkan di Kupang (39,4%), Merauke (20%) dan Kolaka (15,2%). Adanya faktor virulensi Cag-PAI secara signifikan bermakna terhadap derajat beratnya inflamasi dan atrofi (p<0.05). Faktor sosial ekonomi, sumber air, konsumsi alkohol dan merokok tidak bermakna secara statistik sebagai faktor risiko infeksi H.pylori. Prevalensi H.yplori di Indonesia timur cukup tinggi jika dibandingkan wilayah Indonesia lainnya. Terdapat faktor virulensi Cag-PAI pada beberapa daerah di Indonesia timur yang berhubungan dengan derajat beratnya inflamasi dan atrofi gaster.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Risiko infeksi Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) dikaitkan dengan banyak faktor yang terkait dengan pejamu-agen-lingkungan. Etnis adalah salah satu faktor dari pejamu yang banyak diteliti di luar negeri. Prevalensi infeksi H.pylori didapatkan lebih tinggi pada etnis tertentu seperti misalnya di China. Berdasarkan teori Migrasi dan teori Transmisi diduga infeksi H.pylori akan dibawa oleh penduduk yang bermigrasi dari daerah dengan prevalensi tinggi ke tempat tujuan migrasi. Etnis Tionghoa di Kalimantan Barat berasal dari daerah China Selatan dimana prevalensi infeksi H.pylori tinggi. Diperkirakan ada perbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori pada etnis Tionghoa dibandingkan pada etnis asli Kalimantan Barat, yaitu etnis Dayak.

Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui perbedaan angka prevalensi, karakteristik epidemiologis dan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada subjek etnis Tionghoa dan Dayak dengan sindrom dispepsia. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang untuk mengetahui perbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori. Penelitian dilakukan di RSU Santo Antonius Pontianak dari bulan Desember 2014 sampai Juni 2015 dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Angka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori disajikan dalam angka persentase, sedangkan perbedaan karakteristik epidemiologis dan perbedaan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada etnis Tionghoa dan Dayak dianalisis dengan analisis bivariat menggunakan chi-square dengan tingkat kemaknaan (p) = 0,05.

Hasil : Dari 203 subjek yang diteliti, terdiri dari 102 subjek etnis Tionghoa dan 101 subjek etnis Dayak didapatkan angka prevalensi H.pylori sebesar 40,8%. Prevalensi pada etnis Tionghoa didapatkan lebih tinggi dibanding etnis Dayak, berturut-turut sebesar 48,0% dan 33,7%. Tidak ada perbedaan karakteristik epidemiologis dan temuan hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada kedua kelompok etnis. Simpulan : Terdapat perbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori pada etnis Tionghoa (48,0%) dibanding etnis Dayak (33,7%). Tidak ada perbedaan karakteristik epidemiologis dan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada kedua kelompok etnis.

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ABSTRACT
Background : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated with many factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the host factors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based on migration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection were transmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection to the destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South China region where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated that there are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinese compared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese.

Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese with dyspeptic syndrome.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. Antonius General Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutive sampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentage numbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding differences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysis using the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05.

Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinese subjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was 40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0% and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups. Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%) is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups.;Background : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated with many factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the host factors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based on migration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection were transmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection to the destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South China region where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated that there are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinese compared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese. Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese with dyspeptic syndrome. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. Antonius General Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutive sampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentage numbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding differences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysis using the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05. Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinese subjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was 40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0% and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups. Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%) is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups.;Background : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated with many factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the host factors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based on migration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection were transmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection to the destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South China region where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated that there are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinese compared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese. Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese with dyspeptic syndrome. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. Antonius General Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutive sampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentage numbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding differences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysis using the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05. Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinese subjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was 40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0% and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups. Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%) is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups., Background : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated with many factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the host factors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based on migration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection were transmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection to the destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South China region where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated that there are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinese compared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese. Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese with dyspeptic syndrome. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. Antonius General Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutive sampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentage numbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding differences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysis using the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05. Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinese subjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was 40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0% and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups. Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%) is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups.]