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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
This article takes as its starting point the early observation that describes the vastness of the research corpus on the cultural history of Indonesia. The vastness of this corpus is, among other things, contributed to by the writings of Western scholars. Among those that are considered classics and frequently used as important references are De Hindoe-Javaansche Tijd by N.J. Krom (1950), Nusantara: A History of Indonesia by Bernard H.M. Vlekke (1959), and Indonesia: Trade and Society by J.C. Van Leur (1955). Initial readings find that these Western scholars? writings often raise the question of the role and contribution of Hinduism and Islam in Indonesia. This draws attention to their views and standpoint as Westerners on the history of Indonesian culture, especially in the context of comparison between Hinduism and Islam. This article is written with the purpose of discussing the role and contribution of Islam and Hinduism in the history of Indonesia according to the perspective of three Western scholars, namely N.J. Krom, Bernard H.M. Vlekke and J.C. Van Leur in the writings mentioned above. This discussion finds that these writings studied are more inclined to acknowledge the significance of the role and contribution of Hinduism in the history of Indonesian culture, with the presence of Islam said to have not reduced the influence of Hinduism.

Abstrak :
This article takes as its starting point the early observation that describes the vastness of the research corpus on the cultural history of Indonesia. The vastness of this corpus is, among other things, contributed to by the writings of Western scholars. Among those that are considered classics and frequently used as important references are De Hindoe- Javaansche Tijd by N.J. Krom (1950), Nusantara: A History of Indonesia by Bernard H.M. Vlekke (1959), and Indonesia: Trade and Society by J.C. Van Leur (1955). Initial readings find that these Western scholars’ writings often raise the question of the role and contribution of Hinduism and Islam in Indonesia. This draws attention to their views and standpoint as Westerners on the history of Indonesian culture, especially in the context of comparison between Hinduism and Islam. This article is written with the purpose of discussing the role and contribution of Islam and Hinduism in the history of Indonesia according to the perspective of three Western scholars, namely N.J. Krom, Bernard H.M. Vlekke and J.C. Van Leur in the writings mentioned above. This discussion finds that these writings studied are more inclined to acknowledge the significance of the role and contribution of Hinduism in the history of Indonesian culture, with the presence of Islam said to have not reduced the influence of Hinduism.

Abstrak :
This article discusses the challenges of adaptation for Indonesian religion. It describes the ways that the major Indonesian religions have changed to fit the requirements of being recognized religions, and focuses as an example on the ways that Balinese Hinduism has changed to become Agama Hindu Dharma Indonesia. It also examines the traditional theological problem of “faith and works” in the Indonesian context, and the concerns used to balance modernization and religious freedom.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Setiap penganut agama mengklaim bahwa agamnya hanya mengajarkan segala hal yang baik-baik saja dan tidak mengajarkan hal-hal kejahatan, kebencian atau kedengkian. Oleh sebab itu, ketika melihat seorang atau kelompok orang penganut suatu agama berbuat kejahatan, maka para penganut agama akan berdalih bahwa bukan agamanya yang jahat, tetapi orangnya yang jahat. Argumentasi tersebut sangat logis, tetapi mana kala semakin banyak orang beragama tidak mampu membedakan antara baik dan buruk, maka itu pertanda bahwa agama tidak fungsional dalam membentuk moral masyarakat. Dewasa ini, ketika manusia telah memasuki era global yang sesungguhnya manusia harus semakin merasa adanya kesatuan dengan kesatuan dengan seluruh umat manusia di seluruh dunia, namun nyatanya kejahatan umat manusia semakin meningkat. Bahkan manusia tampak lebih suka rusuh dan berpecah belah. KEsatuan bangsa yang diupayakan dengan susah payah oleh para pendiri bangsa, namun dengan mudah diprovokasi oleh orang-orang yang tidak meilki integritas bangsa. Umat Hindu sebagai integral bangsa Indonesia harus turut aktif mengambil bagian dalam upaya membangun dan memperkokoh kesatuan bangsa. Ada banyak sekali ajaran Hindu yang tertuang dalam sruti, smriti, itihasa, purana dan lainnya mengajarkan tentang membangun kesatuan umat manusia bahkan kesatuan semesta dengan seluruh makhluk hidup.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini mengkaji arca dewa yang masih diragukan identitasnya, namun diduga merupakan perwujudan dewa Wisnu yang dikenal dengan nama Wisnu Adimurti dan Wisnu Anantasayana. Arca yang diduga merupakan arca Wisnu Adimurti berasal dari Museum Nasional Jakarta, dan arca yang diduga merupakan arca Wisnu Anantasayana berasal dari Museum Radya Pustaka Solo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengungkap kesesuaian ikonografi arca Wisnu Adimurti dan Wisnu Anantasayana dengan ketentuan Hindu India. Metode yang digunakan adalah perbandingan ciri-ciri ikonografi baik antara arca MNJ dengan MRS maupun antara kedua arca tersebut dengan ketentuan India. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh arca dari Museum Nasional Jakarta memiliki kecocokan dengan dengan ketentuan India Wisnu Adimurti, dan tokoh arca dari Museum Radya Pustaka memiliki kecocokan dengan ketentuan India Wisnu Anantasayana. Kedua tokoh arca itu berbeda satu sama lain karena ciri utama yang dimiliki oleh arca MNJ dan ciri yang dimiliki arca Museum MRS tidak sama. Arca MNJ digambarkan dengan posisi duduk memegang cakra dengan ular naga Ananta di bawahnya, sedangkan arca MRS digambarkan dengan posisi berbaring di atas padma dengan ular naga yang terletak di belakang tokoh utama. Demikian pula arca MNJ dan arca MRS memiliki perbedaan dengan ketentuan India karena faktor imajinasi dan pengalaman seniman lokal, dan memiliki kesamaan karena faktor pedoman atau acuan penggambaran sosok dewa Wisnu dalam agama Hindu ......This research examines statues of deities whose identity is still doubtful, but which are thought to be the embodiment of the god Vishnu, known as Wisnu Adimurti and Wisnu Anantasayana. The statue which is thought to be the statue of Wisnu Adimurti comes from the Jakarta National Museum, and the statue which is suspected to be the statue of Wisnu Anantasayana is from the Solo Radya Pustaka Museum. This study aims to identify and reveal the suitability of the iconographic statues of Wisnu Adimurti and Wisnu Anantasayana with the provisions of Hindu India. The method used is a comparison of the iconographic features between the MNJ and MRS statues and between the two statues with Indian regulations. The results showed that the figures from the Jakarta National Museum match the provisions of India Wisnu Adimurti, and the figures from the Radya Pustaka Museum match the provisions of India Wisnu Anantasayana. The two figures of the statues are different from each other because the main characteristics of the MNJ statue and the characteristics of the MRS Museum statue are not the same. The MNJ statue is depicted in a sitting position holding the chakra with the dragon snake Ananta underneath, while the MRS statue is depicted lying on a lotus position with the dragon snake behind the main character. Likewise, the MNJ statue has differences with the Indian provisions due to the imagination and experience of local artists, and has similarities due to the guideline or reference for the depiction of the figure of Lord Vishnu in Hinduism.