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Abstrak :
Banyak buku yang lahir dari pengalaman sederhana, sepele, dan tidak terencana, tapi akhirnya jadi best seller. ?blink? ini salah satunya. Di halaman 313, Malcolm Gladwell menceritakan pengalamannya sebelum dia memutuskan menulis ?blink?. Malcolm, adalah lelaki konservatif, yang selalu memelihara penampilan, khususnya rambut dengan rapi. Dia rajin memangkas rambutnya jika sudah mulai memanjang. Entah kenapa, kala itu dia memanjangkan rambutnya, membiarkannya tumbuh liar, bak anak remaja. Siapa sangka, keputusan soal rambut itu membuat hidupnya berubah. Dia mulai sering ditilang dengan tuduhan berkendara terlalu cepat, sebelumnya tidak pernah. Dia juga mulai mendapat perhatian polisi secara khusus ketika berada di bandara. Paling apes, dia disergap tiga orang polisi di kawasan bisnis Manhattan. Alasannya? Malcolm mirip sekali dengan pemerkosa yang sedang menjadi buron. Jelas saja polisi salah, karena setelah diselidiki, yang mirip sebetulnya hanya rambutnya. Malcolm segera menyadari, betapa dahsyat kekuatan ?kesan pertama?. Kesadaran itu mengantarnya ke ?blink?. Buku ini berkisah tentang dua detik pertama yang sangat menentukan ketika kita mengamati sesuatu. Menurut Malcolm, kesan sekejap mata itu muncul dari ?komputer internal? otak manusia atau yang kita kenal dengan ?alam bawah sadar?. Kesan ini seringkali sangat efektif membuat keputusan tepat dan akurat. Inilah yang disebut Malcolm ?kemampuan berpikir tanpa berpikir?. Buku ini memberi banyak contoh kasus betapa hebatnya snap judgement dan thin slicing. Banyak orang-orang yang pandai mengambil keputusan yang tepat hanya dengan mengandalkan snap judgement. Mereka lebih suka melatih diri untuk menyempurnakan seni membuat cuplikan tipis (thin slicing) daripada memproses banyak informasi untuk sampai kepada suatu keputusan. Kalau aku bilang, sederhananya begini: jangan abaikan hati nurani...:) ----------------------------- Risensi oleh: Dra. Kalarensi Naibaho, S.Hum.

Abstrak :
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas secara mendalam etika Prima Facie Duties ciptaan William David Ross. Prima Facie Duties merupakan teori etika yang didasari oleh dua konsep dasar yaitu konsep ketepatan dan konsep kebaikan. Kedua konsep inilah yang mendasari kewajiban dalam Prima Facie Duties yaitu duty of fidelity, duty of gratitude, duty of reparation, duty of beneficence, duty of justice, duty of self-improvement, dan, duty of non-maleficience. Tulisan ini juga memberikan perbandingan Prima Facie Duties dengan Ideal Utilitarian Moore dan Deontology Kantian, dan Moral Relativism untuk memberikan suatu gambaran jelas apa yang menjadi corak khas dari Prima Facie Duties. Dalam tulisan ini juga dimasukan kritik dari John Rawls kepada intuisionisme dan juga tanggapan berdasarkan Prima Facie Duties terhadap kritik tersebut yang berupa improvisasi penting bagi Prima Facie Duties yaitu sistem prioritas. ......The point of this essay is to explain deeply the Prima Facie Duties ethics which were made by W.D. Ross. Prima Facie Duties is an ethical theory based on two main concept which is right and good. These two central concept become the base of the seven duties which are duty of fidelity, duty of gratitude, duty of reparation, duty of beneficence, duty of justice, duty of self-improvement, and duty of non-maleficience. There is also comparison of Prima Facie Duties with Moore Ideal Utiliarianism, Kantian Deontology, and Moral Relativism to show the main characteristic of Prima Facie Duties. Critics from John Rawls against ethical intuitionism is also included with the solution for Prima Facie Duties based on John Rawls critics which improves Prima Facie Duties in the form of priority system.

Abstrak :
Summary: In the international bestseller, Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman, the renowned psychologist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, takes us on a groundbreaking tour of the mind and explains the two systems that drive the way we think. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The impact of overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the profound effect of cognitive biases on everything from playing the stock market to planning our next vacation-each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems shape our judgments and decisions. Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking. He offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and our personal lives-and how we can use different techniques to guard against the mental glitches that often get us into troubl

Abstrak :
This paper looks at the nature of data for lexicography and in particular on the central role that electronic corpora can play in providing it. Data has traditionally come from existing dictionaries, citations, and from the lexicographer’s own knowledge of words, through introspection. Each of these is examined and evaluated. Then the electronic corpus is considered. Different kinds of corpora are described and key design criteria are explained, in particular the size of corpus needed for lexicography as well as the issue of representativeness and sampling. The advantages and disadvantages of corpora are weighed and compared against the other types of data. While each of these has benefits, it is argued that corpora are a requirement, not an option, as data for dictionary making.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Inisiatif proyek dapat diinisiasi oleh manajemen (pendekatan top-down) and tim proyek (pendekatan bottom-up). Manajemen umumnya menggunakan pendekatan pertama, yang cenderung melalui proses politik dengan melibatkan power, interests, and authority. Di sisi lain, pendekatan kedua cenderung lebih dinamik dalam situasi adanya kepentingan antara manajemen and tim proyek. Pengambilan keputusan efektif pada awal proyek menjadi lebih menantang. Studi ini bertujuan untuk berkontribusi terhadap studi sebelumnya dengan eksplorasi pengaruh dan manajemen dan tim proyek terhadap proses pengambilan keputusan oleh pimpinan proyek-apakah prosesnya cenderung menggunakan pendekatan rasional, intuitif atau politik. Kuesioner disusun dengan memilih pimpinan proyek (PIC) yang bertanggung jawab atas perencanaan proyek atau bisnis. Data digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis dalam model penelitian dibangun dengan menggunakan alat model persamaan struktural(SEM) dengan SPSS dan AMOS. Bersamaan dengan kuesioner, wawancara dengan beberapa responden terpilih juga dilakukan. Temuan studi mengungkapkan perbedaan jalur dalam mencapai keberhasilan inisiasi proyek. Manajemen menggunakan proses pengambilan keputusan dengan rasionalitas prosedural dan intuisi. Di lain pihak, tim proyek menggunakan proses pengambilan keputusan rasionalitas prosedural dan politik konstruktif. Ternyata manajemen dan tim proyek menggunakan rasionalitas prosedural. Dari jalur yang signifikan tersebut, hasil studi menunjukkan lintasan kritis dalam mencapai inisiasi proyek yang berhasil dengan peningkatan keberagaman tim proyek dan penggunakan pengambilan keputusan berdasarkan politik konstruktif. Dengan demikian, terdapat paradoks dari partisipasi karena proyek bottom-up ditentukan oleh kedua pihak yaitu aspirasi tim proyek dan ekspektasi manejemen. Sehingga, organisasi seharusnya mendorong keberagaman tim proyek yang mempengaruhi proses pengambilan keputusan secara politik melalui negosiasi yang diambil oleh pimpinan proyek. Dari tipologi riset ini, keputusan efektif dapat diraih dengan peningkatan keberagaman tim proyek dan pengambilan keputusan politik konstruktif. Dengan pemahaman jalur kritis untuk mencapai keputusan optimal, organisasi dan pimpinan proyek dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan inisiasi proyek. Dalam jangka panjang, hal tersebut dapat berkontribusi terhadap realisasi investasi di sektor migas Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT
A project can be originated by management (top-down approach) and project team (bottom-up approach). The management generally performs the first approach, by which sounds politically made in given power, interests and authority. Conversely, the second approach tends to be more dynamic in given situation while the dual interests between management and project team members exist. Making the effective project decisions in given incomplete information at early stage is increasingly challenging. This study aims to fill the gap by exploring the influence of management and project team towards the decision-making applied by project leaders-whether the processes are more likely to be rationally made, or more intuitively or politically made. The structure questionnaire was created and distributed to selected respondents as person-in-charged (PIC) involved in planning project or business initiation. Data were used to examine the hypotheses in constructed research model by using structural equation model (SEM) tools with SPSS and AMOS. Along with questionnaire, interviews with selected respondents in this fields were also conducted. The findings reveal different paths towards successful project initiation. The management increases the successful project initiation by stimulating the procedural rationality and intuition decision making process. On the other hand, the project team increases the successful project initiation by practicing the procedural rationality and constructive political decision-making process. It turns out that both management and project team increase the successful project initiation by increasing the procedural rationality decision-making process applied by project leaders. Of each significant path, the findings find out the critical path towards successful project initiation by increasing the project team diversity and constructive political decision-making process. Accordingly, it turns out the paradox of shared participation since the bottom-up project initiation is actually affected by both project teams aspiration and managements expectation. Subsequently, organization should encourage the project team diversity affecting the constructive political decision-making process by practicing the bargain and negotiation applied by project leaders. As practical implications, project leaders can increase the project initiation by applying the effective decision affected by management (transformational leadership) and project team (diversity). From the typology found in this study, it turns out that effective decision can be enhanced by increasing the project team diversity and constructive political decision-making process. By understanding the critical path of optimal decision, organization and project leaders can boost the project initiation more successful. In the long run, it can contribute to the investment realization in Indonesia oil and gas midstream and downstream sector.

Abstrak :
Musik tidak memiliki aspek yang memungkinkannya mengekspresikan suatu makna secara eksplisit. Makna hanya dapat kita dekati dengan bahasa yang memiliki fungsi semantik dan dibentuk oleh kata-kata sebagai unsurnya. Adapun musik, tidak memiliki fungsi semantik layaknya bahasa, namun memiliki kedalaman yang melampaui nalar. Oleh karena itu, kedalaman musik tak bisa didekati dengan kegiatan memaknai. Meskipun demikian, kedalaman ini memiliki efek tertentu yang menyebabkan adanya perasaan tertentu pada pendengarnya. Kedalaman dari musik dapat kita dekati melalui intimasi, dan bukan penafsiran maupun penilaian. Pada musik, intimasi dapat berupa emosi, yang merupakan efek nyata yang timbul karena mendengarkan musik.

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Music has no aspect that make it possibles to express meaning explicitly. We can only approach meaning by language which has semantic function and is constructed by words as its elements. Music is not language, therefore, has no semantic function, but it has profundity that beyond the reason. Thereby, musical profundity can_t be approached by interpreting act. Nevertheless, its profundity has effect that cause certain emotion on its listener. Musical profundity can be approached by intimations, not by interpretation nor evaluation. Intimations on music can be found as emotion which is a real effect emerges when we are hearing music

Abstrak :
This paper looks at the nature of data for lexicography and in particular on the central role that electronic corpora can play in providing it. Data has traditionally come from existing dictionaries, citations, and from the lexicographer?s own knowledge of words, through introspection. Each of these is examined and evaluated. Then the electronic corpus is considered. Different kinds of corpora are described and key design criteria are explained, in particular the size of corpus needed for lexicography as well as the issue of representativeness and sampling. The advantages and disadvantages of corpora are weighed and compared against the other types of data. While each of these has benefits, it is argued that corpora are a requirement, not an option, as data for dictionary making.