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"This article discusses the significance of Malacca Straits as one of the pivotal sea lines in the world. It argues that the security of Malacca Strait involves the nexus of external and internal maritime security and therefore it should be assessed by dual approach. This article emphasize the maritime security problems in the Malacca Straits and concludes by advocating a more comprehensive maritime security framework?particularly to Indonesia, ASEAN and other non-regional actors ? in order to bring new approaches to the maritime security problems in the Malacca Straits"

"Pergeseran strategi keamanan Tiongkok ke arah maritim merupakan kasus yang unik mengingat Tiongkok asalnya merupakan negara kontinen dan bukan negara maritim. Hal ini menimbulkan perdebatan mengenai intensi Tiongkok dalam melakukan pembangunan kekuatan maritim yang agresif. Untuk dapat memahami perdebatan tersebut, penulis melakukan klasifikasi terhadap literatur-literatur pergeseran strategi keamanan Tiongkok berdasarkan temuan empiris yang didapatkan dari hasil kajian literatur, yaitu klasifikasi berdasarkan faktor pendorong pergeseran strategi keamanan maritim Tiongkok. Faktor-faktor tersebut yaitu faktor ekonomi yang berkaitan dengan keamanan energi dan perdagangan laut; politik yang berkaitan dengan penyebaran soft power; keamanan yang berkaitan dengan perubahan persepsi ancaman; geopolitik yang berkaitan dengan usaha untuk mengimbangi Amerika Serikat dan mengejar hegemoni; dan geostrategi yang berkaitan dengan rantai pulau pertama dan kedua. Dari hasil analisis faktor-faktor tersebut, tulisan ini berkesimpulan bahwa pergeseran strategi keamanan maritim Tiongkok merupakan bagian dari usaha Tiongkok untuk mencapai hegemoni. ......The shift in China's security strategy towards maritime is a unique case since China wass originally a continental country and not a maritime country. This raises debates over China's intentions in building aggressive maritime power. In order to understand the debate, the author classifies literatures on Chinese security strategy based on the empirical findings generated from the results of the literature review, ie the driving factors behind China's shifting maritime strategy. These factors are economic factors that are related to energy security and marine trade politics factors that are related to soft power dissemination security factors that are associated with perception change geopolitics factors that are associated with efforts to challenge the United States and pursue hegemony and geostrategy factors that are associated with first and second island chains. This paper concludes that the shift of China's maritime security strategy is part of China's efforts to pursue hegemony."

"ABSTRAKMaintaining good order at sea requires strong maritime law enforcement presence. Surrounded by 3.2 million square km of waters, it is not an easy task for Indonesian maritime law enforcement agency. Indonesian waters are considered prone to maritime incidents and security threats such as piracy or armed robbery at sea. According to annual report released by IMB, the number of piracy/armed robbery at sea is the highest in the world. Since the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Maritime Affairs, Indonesia has its own designated coast guard agency, namely ?Bakamla?. However, Bakamla is not the only maritime enforcement agency in Indonesia, there are other institutions that still exercising eachown jurisdiction and authority in many sectors on the sea until now. Without strong coordination, maritime law enforcement efforts could be ineffective and inefficient. This article analyzes current situation and coordination policy among Indonesian maritime law enforcement or maritime security agency. This article also will review the maritime security institutions and coordination model from other states, namely Australia and China as a reflection to Indonesia. Australia and China were selected as comparison since their recent policy changes concerning maritime security institutions, and each of these states took a different approach.Author suggests that consolidation among all the maritime security institution is necessary,or at least there should be a strong regulatory framework and transparent coordination policy enforced by the Government."

"Posisi strategis dan sumber daya alam kelautan yang melimpah, tidak menjamin Indonesia untuk mengambil keuntungan dari potensi alamiah ini. Kelemahan penegakan keamanan dan penegakan hukum laut membuat maraknya berbagai ancaman keamanan di perairan Indonesia seperti perompakan, penangkapan ikan illegal, dan pengangkutan kayo illegal. Berbagai ancarnan keamanan laut ini memberikan dampak negatif terhadap sejumlah aspek ketahanan nasional seperti politik, ekonomi dan keamanan. Melalui metode TOWS, tesis ini akan menjelaskan secara kritis data - data kualitatif tentang kekuatan dan kelemahan internal dalam sistem keamanan laut, serta peluang dan ancaman eksternal yang mempengaruhi sistem tersebut. Tesis ini menyimpulkan bahwa Indonesia membutuhkan penataan sistem keamanan laut yang memperhatikan aspek politik, ekonomi, dan keamanan baik di tingkat domestik maupun internasional dengan menerapkan strategi penyempurnaan sistem koordinasi yang telah ada untuk strategi jangka pendek, sambil mempersiapkan dan membentuk Indonesia Coast Guard yang rnerupakan strategi berikutnya. ......The Strategical position waters and riched maritime resources did not guarantee Indonesia using advantages of this natural potention. The weakness of maritime security and law enforcement make the various maritime threats e.g sea robbery, illegal fishing and illegal logging in Indonesian waters. This threats made negative influence at the several aspect of national resilience especially politics, economic and security. By the TOWS methode , this thesis will descripts critically the qualitative data about the strength and weakness at internal of the system, and the enfluence of opportunity and threats at the external environment, This thesis concluded that Indonesia need a restructuritation of maritime constabulary concerning the dynamics of security, economic, and politic at domestic and international level by aplicating two strategies. Advancing the coordinating system at the short time strategy, while preparing and making the Indonesian Coast guard as the previous strategy."

"Indonesia is one of the countries which has many maritime security issues that needs to be managed appropriately through defense diplomacy approach, including the ASEAN framework. ADMM Plus on Maritime Security as the highest defense forum and dialog in ASEAN on maritime security issues is expected to be able to build confidence building measures and mutual trust between ASEAN member states and non-member states in solving maritime security issues. However, some goals have not been achieved due to many complex problems on maritime security in domestic sphere. This paper will use securitization theory, defense diplomacy concept, and maritime security concept for analyzing the maritime security issues in Indonesia which need securitization for supporting its defense diplomacy at ADMM Plus on Maritime Security. However, the securitization progress faced several challenges coming from various aspects, especially the habit of political leaders that only use maritime security as political instrument without concerning to the real security issues."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model pengukuran kinerja Keamanan Laut berbasis kriteria MBNQA 2013-2014, sehingga diperoleh ukuran kinerja dan posisi kinerja saat ini. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode AHP melalui kuisioner perbandingan berpasangan untuk mendapatkan pembobotan kriteria, sehingga dapat disusun peringkat dan diketahui kinerja kriteria yang belum tercapai. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bobot terbesar adalah kepemimpinan yang telah terpenuhi pada kinerja saat ini. Sedangkan pada kriteria Hasil, Fokus Operasi dan Pengukuran, Analisis dan Manajemen Pengetahuan belum mencapai nilai yang dipersyaratkan. Perbaikan pada kriteria Pengukuran, Analisis dan Manajemen Pengetahuan sebagai fondasi sistem akan meningkatkan efektivitas pada Proses Operasi sekaligus Hasil secara keseluruhan. ......This study aims to obtain a model of Maritime Security performance measurement based on MBNQA 2013-2014 kriteria in order to get the standart of performance and position currently. The study was conducted with AHP method through a pairwise comparisons questionnaire to obtain the weight of importance kriteria. Seeing from the result acquired, the kriteria performance can be arranged so that the undefine kriteria performance could be shown. Obviously, the result from the research showed that the biggest performance of Maritime Security was the leadership in the present performance. Meanwhile, the other kriteria that still unclear were Result kriteria, Focus Operation Process kriteria, Measurement, Analysis and Knowledge Management kriteria. Clearly, the reparation in the kriteria of Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management considered as the foundation within the system of performance which would enhance the efectivity in every operation process as well as the overall result of performance."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang penolakan Indonesia terhadap inisiatif kontraterorisme Amerika Serikat di wilayah laut yang disebut Proliferation SecurityInitiative (PSI). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat eksplanatif.Kajian literatur dalam penelitian ini melihat penolakan Indonesia terhadap PSIberdasarkan cost and benefit analysis pada aspek internal (kepentingan politik,kepentingan ekonomi, dan kepentingan militer) dan eksternal (posisi tawarmenawar dan logika konsekuensi). Kesimpulan atas penolakan tersebut adalahadanya ketidaksesuaian komponen dalam negeri dan kebijakan luar negeriIndonesia dengan prinsip PSI yang membuktikan lebih banyaknya pengeluaranyang akan ditanggung daripada keuntungan yang diperoleh.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the refusal of Indonesia to the United States counterterrorisminitiatives in the sea area called Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI).This study is a qualitative interpretive. Literature review in this study perceivesthe refusal of Indonesia towards PSI is based on cost and benefit analysis on theinternal aspects (political interests, economic interests, military interests) andexternal aspects (bargaining position and logic of consequences). Conclusions forthe refusal is the discrepancy between domestic component and Indonesia'sforeign policy with PSI principles that proves more costs will be incurred ratherthan benefits gained.;This thesis discusses the refusal of Indonesia to the United States counterterrorisminitiatives in the sea area called Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI).This study is a qualitative interpretive. Literature review in this study perceivesthe refusal of Indonesia towards PSI is based on cost and benefit analysis on theinternal aspects (political interests, economic interests, military interests) andexternal aspects (bargaining position and logic of consequences). Conclusions forthe refusal is the discrepancy between domestic component and Indonesia'sforeign policy with PSI principles that proves more costs will be incurred ratherthan benefits gained., This thesis discusses the refusal of Indonesia to the United States counterterrorisminitiatives in the sea area called Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI).This study is a qualitative interpretive. Literature review in this study perceivesthe refusal of Indonesia towards PSI is based on cost and benefit analysis on theinternal aspects (political interests, economic interests, military interests) andexternal aspects (bargaining position and logic of consequences). Conclusions forthe refusal is the discrepancy between domestic component and Indonesia'sforeign policy with PSI principles that proves more costs will be incurred ratherthan benefits gained.]"

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang kebijakan pertahanan Indonesia dalammenghadapi destabilisasi kawasan di sekitar Natuna. Tesis ini adalah tesiskualitatif yaitu menjelaskan mengapa fenomena itu terjadi. Hasil dari tesis iniakan menyimpulkan bahwa selain Indonesia mempersiapkan diri dari ancaman disekitar kawasan, Indonesia juga menganggap bahwa Natuna adalah salah satu titikstrategis yang dapat mengamankan wilayah kedaulatan Indonesia. Indonesiameningkatkan pertahanannya untuk menggapai impiannya yaitu sebagai negaramaritim serta untuk mencapai kerjasama yang dapat menguntungkan Indonesia.Teori yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah teori decision making dengan modelrasionalitas Graham T. Allison. Hal ini dikarenakan hanya negara yang dapatmembuat kebijakan pertahanan dan keamanan negara. Tesis ini jugamempertimbangkan faktor geopolitik wilayah Natuna dan Laut China Selatan;bentuk maritime security yang ingin dicapai oleh Indonesia; serta hubunganIndonesia dengan negara tetangga, Tiongkok, Amerika Serikat terkaitpermasalahan Laut China Selatan.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis explains about Indonesia?s defence policy in managing thedestabilization area around Natuna. This thesis is a qualitative study that explainswhy the phenomenon happens. The thesis concludes that besides preparing itselffrom threats that comes from around the region, Indonesia enhances its militaryforces is also because Indonesia considers Natuna as one of the strategic pointsthat could guard the safety of Indonesia?s sovereign territory. Indonesia enhancesits military forces to reach its goal as a maritime country also to gain cooperationsthat give benefits to Indonesia. The theory that is used in this thesis is the rationalmodel of decision making theory by Graham T. Allison. This model is usedbecause only state has the right to create the state?s defense and security policy.This thesis also considers the geopolitical factors in Natuna region and SouthChina Sea; the characteristics of maritime security that Indonesia wants to gain;also the relationship between Indonesia and its neighbouring countries, China,United States of America that relates to the South China Sea Conflict.;"

"Tesis ini membahas strategi dan upaya penanganan keamanan maritim di area tumpang tindih antara Malaysia dengan Indonesia khususnya di perairan Selat Malaka. Berdasarkan ketentuan hukum internasional yang berlaku selama ini, proses penegakan hukum antar negara tetangga yang memiliki wilayah tumpang tindih dan belum ditetapkan batasnya, perlu memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip proporsional dan didasari pada ketentuan United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1983 tentang Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif, Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1996 tentang Perairan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktor utama dalam pengamanan area tumpang tindih khususnya di perairan Selat Malaka ialah TNI AL, Bakamla, Ditpolairud Baharkam Polri dan Ditjen Bea Cukai. Kendati demikian, tata kelola keamanan maritim masih belum jelas sehingga menyebabkan adanya kesimpangsiuran dalam kewenangan penegakan hukum di wilayah perbatasan laut. Untuk mengatasi hal itu maka diperlukan suatu regulasi yang komprehensif didukung dengan satu gugus tugas khusus yang berperan mengkoordinasi aktor-aktor yang terlibat dalam pengamanan area tumpang tindih di perairan Selat Malaka.......This study discusses strategies and efforts to handle maritime security in the undelimited water area between Malaysia and Indonesia, especially in the waters of the Malacca Strait. Based on the provisions of international law that have been in force so far, the process of law enforcement between neighboring countries that have overlapping areas and the boundaries have not been determined, need to pay attention to proportional principles and are based on the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Law No. -Law Number 5 of 1983 concerning Exclusive Economic Zones, Law Number 6 of 1996 concerning Waters. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The results showed that the main actors in securing overlapping areas, especially in the waters of the Malacca Strait, were the Navy, Bakamla, Ditpolairud Baharkam Polri and Customs. However, maritime security governance is still unclear, causing confusion in the authority of law enforcement in maritime border areas. To overcome this, a comprehensive regulation is needed supported by a special task force whose role is to coordinate the actors involved in securing overlapping areas in the waters of the Malacca Strait."