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"Permasalahan gizi di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor dan Indonesia masih belum sepenuhnya mencapai target MDGs mengenai gizi ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dan pola makan dengan status gizi, dimana data didapat dari pengambilan langsung dan data sekunder dari penelitian utama tentang efek suplementasi multipel terhadap kadar hemoglobin anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 26.32% subjek tergolong status gizi tidak normal (sangat kurus, kurus, dan gemuk; berdasarkan indeks BB/TB). Sebaran karakteristik subjek berdasarkan faktor sosiodemografi adalah sebagai berikut: 65.79% berusia 6-36 bulan; 50.53% adalah perempuan; 67.89% memiliki ayah dengan pekerjaan nonformal; 74.74% memiliki ayah dengan tingkat pendidikan menengah; 60.53% memiliki ibu dengan tingkat pendidikan menengah; 76.84% memiliki keluarga dengan status ekonomi dibawah garis kemiskinan; dan 66.84% tinggal di rumah dengan bentuk keluarga inti. Selain itu didapatkan 64.21% memiliki pola makan tidak baik. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis yang dilakukan dengan Uji Chi Square tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara semua variabel faktor sosiodemografi dan pola makan dengan status gizi (p>0.05).

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Nutritional problem in Indonesia is affected by multifactorial causes and Indonesia is still not fully achieve the MDGs targets on this point. This research was determined to confirm the association between sociodemographic factors and dietary habit to nutritional status in children aged six to sixty months old using the primary (direct interview) and secondary data from a primary research which studied the effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on haemoglobin level in children. The result shows that prevalence of bad nutritional status was 26.32% (including underweight and overweight). Characteristics of subjects by sociodemographic factors namely: 65.79% aged 6-36 months old; 50.53% were female; 67.89% had father with informal jobs; 74.74% had father with intermediate education; 60.53% had mother with intermediate education; 76.84% had family that below the poverty line; and 66.84% classified as small family. Then, characteristic of subjects by dietary habit was 64.21% had bad dietary habit. Based on analysis using Chi Square test, there were no significant association between all sociodemographic factors and dietary habit to nutritional status (p>0.05)."

"Kemajuan dalam bidang ekonomi telah memberikan dampak pada terjadinya proses transisi epidemiologi termasuk dalam bidang gizi. Indonesia saat ini dan pada dekade yang akan datang diperkirakan akan menghadapi 2 jenis masalah gizi. Disatu sisi Indonesia masih menghadapi masalah gizi kurang, sementara disisi lain terjadi peningkatan prevalensi penderita gizi lebih terutama di perkotaan. Keadaan gizi kurang atau lebih terjadi karena kegagalan mencapai gizi seimbang. Ditinjau dari konsumsi makanan ternyata keadaan gizi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh total konsumsi energi saja tetapi juga ditentukan oleh komposisi zat gizi yang dikonsumsi sehari-hari.Beberapa pengukuran dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui keadaan gizi seseorang. Khusus untuk pemantauan keadaan gizi orang dewasa, salah satu cara yang dikenal dan sering digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Dengan mengetahui IMT dapat dinilai apakah keadaan gizi seseorang kekurangan berat badan (kurus), normal atau kelebihan berat badan (gemuk). Dalam rangka mengetahui masalah gizi pada orang dewasa, dan menemukan alternatif penanggulangannya terutama di daerah perkotaan, Direktorat Bina Gizi Masyarakat Depkes RI bekerjasama dengan FKM-UI telah melakukan penelitian di 12 kota di Indonesia. Sedangkan data yang dianalisa dalam rangka pembuatan tesis ini adalah merupakan bagian dad penelitian diatas yang mencakup 10 kota di Indonesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang lebih berperanan dari berbagai variabel yang diteliti terhadap Status Gizi orang dewasa dengan desain penelitian potong lintang (Cross Sectional). Sedangkan yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah orang dewasa yang berumur 18 tahun atau lebih.Penelitian ini melibatkan 11 variabel Independen yaitu faktor-faktor yang diduga mempunyai hubungan dengan status gizi (IMT) pada orang dewasa, variabel tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: umur dan jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, konsumsi makanan, aktifitas fisik , status sosio ekonomi, kebiasaan makan, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan gizi, etnik, dan kebiasaan merokok.Dari seluruh hasil analisa ternyata umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, kebiasaan makan, % konsumsi lemak dari energi, % konsumsi karbohidrat dan energi, status perkawinan, dan tingkat pendidikan, berhubungan secara statistik dengan Status Gizi orang dewasa di 10 kota di Indonesia.Dari variabel yang bermakna ternyata umur, jenis kelamin, % lemak dari energi, dan pola kebiasaan makan mempunyai peranan yang dominan dibanding variabel lainya., Hasil analisis multivariat telah menghasilkan sebuah model yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai peramal status gizi dalam hal ini digambarkan oleh Indeks Massa Tubuh seseorang.Dari hasil yang diperoleh dapat disampaikan saran bahwa dalam rangka penanggulangan masalah gizi, ada dua faktor yang harus menjadi titik perhatian di dalam penanggulangan masalah gizi lebih yaitu faktor kebiasaan makan dan komposisi konsumsi zat gizi , terutama % lemak dari energi.Kepustakaan : 50 (1971-1996)

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Factors Connected with the Nutritional Status of Adults in 10 Cities in Indonesia in 1996The advancement in economics have given the impact in the transition process of the epidemiologist including in nutrition problem. In Indonesia, today and the coming decade, was estimated to have two kinds of problems in nutrition. In one side Indonesian is still having the under nutrition, while in another side the increase of the over nutrition prevalence occurs especially in the city areas. The under nutrition or over nutrition occurs does to the failure in balancing the nutrition. From the food consumption point of view, it is clear that the nutritional status is not determined by total energy only, but also the composition of the nutrition substance consumed daily.

Several measurements could be used to identify the nutritional status. For a special evaluation of adult the nutritional status, the Body Mass Index (BMI) is one known and commonly used. Using in adults the BMI could estimate under nutrition, normal, or over nutrition. In the frame of identifying the nutrition problems and for finding alternative solutions especially in the city areas. The Directorate of the Community Nutrition and Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia has done a research in 12 cities in Indonesia. The data analyzed for this thesis was part of the above research mainly the ten cities in Indonesia.

This research was intended to see the more significant factors from different variables observed, designed using a Cross Sectional method. The sample in this observation were the 18 years old adults or older.

This research involved 11 variables independents possibly related to the nutrition status (BMI) for adults, those variable as follows : age and sex, marital status, food consumption , physical activities, level of social economics, level of education, food habits, level of nutrition knowledge and health, ethnics, and smoking habits.

This study found out that the age, sex, food habits, percentage of the fat consumption in energy, percentage of carbohydrates from energy, marital status, and level of education are statistically related to the status of nutrition of adults in ten cities in Indonesia.

From the meaningful variables are seen that sex, percentage of fat from the energy, and food habits have dominant roles compared with other variables. The multivariate analysis produced a model, which could be used as a prediction of nutrition status.

It could be suggested for of overcoming the problems of the nutrition, it should be focused in two factors, mainly food habits and the percentage of fat from energy.

References: 50 ( 9971-1996)"

"ABSTRACTSince July 1997. there was a monetary crisis in Indonesia. This condition influences health and nutritional status of the communitv. There was a decrease of purchasing power. due to lack job opportunities. This condition lead to decreasing in quality and quantity of food intake of children under-five in the community.Four cross-sectional surveys were carried out in East Jakarta in September 1993, April 1998, December 1998, and March 1999. There were totally 1859 under five children and 1622 household assessed within the four surveys. Multi stage random sampling was used in the first survey (September 1993) by Susilowati Regardless there were under fives or not the study covered all subdristricts select households having children under the age 60 months from 16 village units of 10 sub-districts. And the next three surveys used the same study area as the first study data on socio-economic, food consumption. environmental situation and nutrition status were collected using pre-coded questionaire and anthropometric measurements. The percentage of fathers without occupation increased in 1999 (7 .3 ~o) as compare to 1993 (2%). The anthropometric status of under-five children in September 1993. April 1998, December 1998 and March 1999 show the prevalence of stunting are as following 22.7%, 16.1%, 25 .4% and 22% (p value < 0.05, Chi Square). While the prevalence of wasting are as following 15%, 17.90/o, 11 .5% and 14.1 % (p value < 0.05, Chi Square). There were no significant difference in nutritional status between boys and girls within the four surveys. During the monetary crisis there were significant difference in prevalence of underweight (April'98 survey) in children from lower strata/percentile of per capitafood expenditure and upper level of strata percentile of per capita food expenditure (p < 0.05, Chi Square). Anthropometric indicators were calculated using growth reference data of the National Center for health Statistics ( 1977 )The prevalence of stunting and wasting were also significantly higher inthcgroup receiving food aid compared to those without food aid. There is no significant difference in prevalence of malnourished mother by using cut-off point BMJ< 18.5. The prevalence of malnourished mother found in September 1993 was 14.7%. in April 1998 was 13.1%': in December 1998 was 16.2%, and in March 1999 was 13%. The same situation also describe ·n BM1>25 which has no changes from 1993 to 1999. The prevalence of overweight (BMI > 25) mother found in September 1993 was 24.2%, April 1998 was 21.3%, December 1998 19.1%, and March 1999 24.6%. It seems that the crisis has no impact on nutritional status of non pregnant mother.The crisis was associated with a clear negative shift in household foodconsumption. The intake of animal prolein sources significantly decreased (p value<0.05.chi-square). as a coping mechanism the plant protein as well as green leafy begetables consumption increased makedly)Based on strata/percentile of per capita food expenditure there were nodifference within the strata in all surveys in eggs consumption in the family but there were diference for poultry, meat, fish and milk (p< 0 05. Chi Square)There was assoaciation between children nutritional starus and frequency of food intake of animal protein, milk, fruit and cooking oil (p value < 0.05 anova). There were also assoctation between nutritional status of under live children with food expenditure number of household member, mother nutrional status (BMI and MUAC). Duration of breast-feeding snack consumption, total expenditure and food and program"

"The study was carried out among 40 low-income households in East Jakarta. It generally aimed at examining the contribution of intra-household food distribution practices to the differences in nutritional status of individual members within and between urban poor households with underfive year old children. Two groups represented the study households. One group with malnourished (<-2 Z-scores for weight for age indicator) 18-60 months old children and the other group with well-nourished (>:-2 Z-scores) of the same age. A three day household and individual food intake were collected through the use of a combined food weighing and 24-hour food recall method. Results revealed that.malnourished underfive year old children were given less adequate diets in terms of nutrient requirement while parents? diet were sufficiently adequate. In contrast, the well-nourished children were adequately fed while their parents got less. The children's intake were found to have a marginal relationship with their nutritional status while significant associations were seen with parent's energy intake and household's total income. On the whole, findings indicated inequality in the food distribution patterns among urban poor households and these patterns somehow influences the nutritional status of household members particularly the pre-school age children"

"Pendahuluan: Insiden kanker kolorektal di Indonesia mencapai 12,8 setiap 100.000 penduduk usia dewasa dan merupakan penyebab dari 9,5% kematian akibat kanker. 40–80% dari semua pasien kanker kolorektal mengalami malnutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi status nutrisi pada kanker kolorektal dan hubungan karakteristik klinis kanker kolorektal dengan status nutrisi pada pasien yang akan menjalani operasi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan metode potong lintang. Populasi terjangkau dari penelitian ini adalah pasien kanker kolorektal yang dilakukan tindakan operatif di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta dan dilakukan admisi pada September-Desember 2022 dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang sudah ditentukan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Analisis data bivariat menggunakan Chi-square dilanjutkan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik.Hasil: Terdapat 71 pasien dengan diagnosis kanker kolorektal di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada periode September-Desember 2022 yang akan menjalani operasi. Karakteristik subjek pada pasien kanker kolorektal sendiri didapatkan sebagian besar pasien memiliki usia 64-78 tahun(57,7%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (52,1%). Untuk stadium klinis, terlihat sebagian besar pasien memiliki stadium III, IV (78,9%), dengan panjangtumor 1-10,9 cm (76,1%), dan lokasi kanker berada di rectum (59,2%). Untuk hasil kadar CA19-9, terlihat bahwa sebagian besar pasien dengan kadar CA19-9 normal (62,0%) dan kadar CEA meningkat (66,2%). Sedangkan status nutrisi pada kanker kolorektal sebagian besar memiliki status berisiko mengalami malnutrisi (52,1%) diikuti memiliki status malnutrisi (43,7%). Hasil uji bivariat didapatkan karakteristik klinis kanker kolorektal yang bermakna adalah panjang tumor dengan nilai p < 0,05. Hasil multivariat didapatkan variabel bebas yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini hanya memberikan pengaruh sebesar 16,9% terhadap status nutrisi.Kesimpulan: Kebanyakan kanker kolorektal memiliki risiko malnutrisi dan terdapat hubungan secara statistik dan paling kuat antara panjang tumor dengan status nutrisi pada pasien yang akan menjalani operasi.

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Introduction: The incidence of colorectal cancer in Indonesia reaches 12.8 per 100,000 adult population and is the cause of 9.5% of cancer deaths. 40–80% of all colorectal cancer patients are malnourished. This study aims to determine the prevalence of nutritional status in colorectal cancer and the correlation between clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer and nutritional status in patients undergoing surgery.

Methods: This research is an observational study with a cross sectional method. The reachable population of this study were colorectal cancer patients who underwent surgery at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta and admission will take place from September-December 2022 with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The instrument used is the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Bivariate data analysis using Chi-square followed by multivariate logistic regression test.

Results: There were 71 patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo in the September-December 2022 period who will undergo surgery. Clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer patients themselves showed that most of the patients were 64-78 years old (57.7%), male (52.1%). For clinical stages, it can be seen that the majority of patients have stages III, IV (78.9%), with a large tumor mass of 1-10.9 cm (76.1%), and the location of the cancer is in the rectum (59.2%) ). For the results of CA19-9 levels, it can be seen that most of the patients with normal CA19-9 levels (62.0%) and CEA levels were increased (66.2%). While the nutritional status in colorectal cancer most of them have at risk of malnourished (52.1%) followed by having malnourished(43.7%). The results of the bivariate test showed that the length of tumor was significant a p value <0.05. The multivariate results showed that the independent variables examined in this study only had a 16.9% correlation on nutritional status.

Conclusion: Most colorectal cancers are at risk of malnourished and there is a statistically strongest correlation between tumor mass and nutritional status in patients undergoing surgery."

"ABSTRACTMost poverty prevalence in developing countries is found among people living in rural areas, which depend on agricultural activities as their main source of livelihood (Suryana, 1992, Kuhonta, 1986). This study assessed the overall condition of the rural community in Pasaman (Jambak and Sarik village) and Sawahlunto/Sijunjung (SP I and SP IV village) district regarding to the poverty and nutritional situation by using an adapted Rapid Rural assessment method which was called RAPID: Rapid Nutritional Assessment for Community Based Poverty Alleviation Projects in Developing Countries, developed by GTZ. The method consists of interviewing key persons, focus group discussion, observation and height measurement of school children (6-9 years old). Other method to diagnose and analyze the nutritional situation of risk group is a nutritional survey. Interview and anthropometrics measurement of fewer than five children and the mother were done in this method. A poor state of nutrition and health also leads to lower productivity and reduces the availability of food at the household level, which now forms a vicious cycle. The availability of food can describe the food security status of the household. This study also attempted to look into the main problems of food security on rural community by using food security questionnaire developed by SEARCA (South East Asian Regional Center for Agriculture). The result of interviewing the mothers by this method revealed that current food security status in Jambak and Sarik was better than SP I and SP IV while SP IV was worse than SP I. The similar result was found by other two methods. RAPID method described the overall condition of the study area in a short time. This method also collected preliminary information on the nature and importance of poverty and nutritional problem, and supply of the resources of the study area. However this method insufficient to describe the relationship between nutritional problem and its determinant factor. Baseline survey gave the extent of the nutritional problem in the area, nevertheless this method needed some resources; fund, personnel, equipments and time. Food security method assessed the extent of food security problems in the area, however in this study, it was proved that the questionnaire was not fully applicable, therefore further analyses based on SEARCA method could not be completely applied."