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"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi UE-WRMSDs pada populasi pekerja masih tinggi dan kondisi ini menyebabkan kerugian bagi pekerja atau perusahaan serta menurunkan produktivitas kerja. Aspek terpenting pengendalian UE-WRMSDs adalah deteksi dini risiko pajanan di tempat kerja dengan menggunakan metode OCRA sebagai salah satu instrumen penapisan risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara faktor individu pekerja, faktor lingkungan kerja, faktor biomekanika kerja berbasis OCRA dengan kejadian UE-WRMSDs pada kelompok pekerja pengrajin logam informal. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan disain potong lintang dan dilaksanakan pada Maret - Juni 2014 terhadap pengrajin logam informal Citeureup-Kabupaten Bogor. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang meliputi karakteristik sosiodemografi, analisis rekaman proses kerja dengan metode OCRA, pengukuran bising ambien dengan Sound Level Meter, pengukuran vibrasi segmental dengan Accelerometer serta stresor kerja dengan Survey Diagnosis Stres. Hasil: Prevalensi UE-WRMSDs pada pengrajin logam informal sebesar 59.1%. Faktor pajanan di tempat kerja yang berisiko terhadap kejadian UE-WRMSDs adalah pajanan vibrasi segmental instrumen kerja (OR 5.79, 95% CI 1.14-29.49). Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara kejadian UE-WRMSDs dengan usia, IMT, kebiasaan aktivitas fisik, kebisingan ambien, kebiasaan merokok, skor indeks OCRA dan stresor kerja. Simpulan dan Saran: Penanggulangan UE-WRMSDs ditentukan melalui deteksi dini, tatalaksana yang tepat dan kesadaran pekerja untuk segera berobat saat mengalami keluhan. Diperlukan suatu analisis menyeluruh selama waktu kerja menggunakan instrumen OCRA terhadap jenis pekerjaan yang bervariasi untuk hasil yang lebih akurat.

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Background: UE-WRMSDs prevalence of working population is quite high and this condition causes harm to workers or the company as well as decreasing productivity. The most important aspect of UE-WRMSDs management is early detection of risk exposure in the workplace by using OCRA as risk screening instrument. This study examines the relationship between worker’s individual factors, working environment factors and biomechanical factors with UE-WRMSDs incidence of the metalworkers informal groups.

Method: This study used a cross-sectional design involving metalworkers informal groups in Citeureup-Bogor from March - June 2014. Data is collected using questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, analysis of recorded-working process with OCRA method. Measurements of ambient noise, segmental vibration and work stressors were using Sound Level Meter, accelerometer and Stress Diagnosis Survey questionnaire respectively.

Result: UE-WRMSDs prevalence on metal workers informal groups is 59.1%. The risk of workplace exposure for UE-WRMSDs is segmental vibration exposure of working instrument (OR 5.79, 95% CI 1.14-29.49). There were no statistically significant results between the incidence of the UE-WRMSDs with age, BMI, physical activity habits, ambient noise, smoking habits, OCRA index score and work stressors.

Conlusion and Recommendation: Management of UE-WRMSDs is determined through early detection and worker’s awareness to seek proper medical treatment immediately when experiencing complaints. Complete analysis of working process for various type of work using OCRA instrument are required for obtaining more accurate results."

"Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan peningkatan angkatan kerja Indonesia memiliki dampak terhadap kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan di tempat kerja. Hal ini membutuhkan perhatian perawat sebagai tenaga kesehatan yang berperan di tempat kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran pengalaman kerja perawat yang bekerja di industri. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan dua belas partisipan yang bekerja di enam perusahaan. Data didapatkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis dengan metode collaizzi. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan lima tema, yaitu; tugas keperawatan, tugas non keperawatan, kondisi kerja, pengembangan diri dan profesi, serta kebijakan perusahaan belum mendukung peran perawat di tempat kerja. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan perawat perawat harus memahami dan menyadari peran dan fungsinya sebagai perawat kesehatan kerja, managemen perusahaan harus mengetahui tugas perawat yang bekerja di perusahaan sesuai dengan peran dan fungsi, organisasi profesi perawat kesehatan kerja perlu mengembangkan organisasi dan melakukan sosialisasi kepada perawat kesehatan kerja. Dinas kesehatan perlu melakukan pembinaan kepada perusahaan yang berada di wilayahnya agar memiliki kesadaran untuk memberikan pendidikan dan pelatihan kepada perawat yang bekerja di institusi kerja......Economic growth and increased Indonesian labor force have an impact on the need for health care in the workplace. This requires the attention of nurses as health workers who play a role in the workplace. The purpose of this research is to get an overview of nurses working experience in industry. The study was conducted through a qualitative approach with twelve participants working in six companies. Data obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed by collaizzi method. The result of this research got five themes, that is; nursing assignments, non-nursing duties, working conditions, self-development and profession, and company policies have not supported the role of nurses in the workplace. The results of this study recommends that nurses should understand and be aware of their role and function as occupational health nurses, the company management must know the duty of nurses working in the company in accordance with the role and function, professional organization of occupational health nurse need to develop the organization and conduct socialization to the occupational health nurse. The health service bereau needs to provide guidance to companies in the region to have awareness to provide education and training to nurses working in work institutions."

"Penerapan management kesclamatan dan kesehatan ke1ja bagi organisasi yang mempekedakan 100 orang atau lebih di indonesia, menjadikan sistem management kcselamatan dan kesehatan kelja belsifat mandatory, tidak demikian dengan di luar Indonesia penerapan sistem management bersifat voluntary. Walaupun bersifat voluntary kesepakatan bisnis global setidalmya merubah Sesuatu yang bcrsifat voluntary menjadi sesuatu keharusan untuk di terapkan bila ingin tetap kompetiti£ GATT (General Agreement on taridk and trade) I994 menyatakan : "Negara anggota tidak boleh membuat ketentuan teknis yang menghambat masulcnya barang-barang di Negara anggota kecuali bagi hal yang menyangkut kepada masalah keselamatan kerja". Penerapan sistem management keselamatan dan kesehatan kelja di [ndonesia belum di imbangi dengan pemahaman yang baik mengenai esensi sistem management keselamatan dan kesehatan kelja itu sendiri. Sehingga perkembangannya sangat lambat bahkan tetap ditempat. Sistem management keselamatan dan kesehatan kelja sebagai suatu siklus haruslah dipahami oleh setiap organisasi, siklus yang berjalan kearah perbaikan terus menenls hams tetap dliaga, untuk menjalankan, mengembangkan dan menjaga performa haruslah mengetahui jenis dan karakter sistem management keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang diterapkan. Ada pengertian yang berbeda antara sistem management dan OHSAS 18001, SMK3 DEPNAKER merupakan jenis tipe atau model sistem management keselamatan dan kesehatan ketja, tentu saja hal ini menyebabkan pengembangan keaxarah perbaikan terus menems mcnjadi bias, dikarenakan kurangnya pemahaman mengenai tipe dan karakter sistem management yang diterapkan. Dengan mengetahui bagaimana karakter dan tipe sistem management yang ditetapkan di organisasi tentu akan menjadi lebih mudah bagi pemegang tanggung jawab untuk melakukan tindakan tindakan kearah perbaikan. Melihat banyaknya standar standar sistem management yang harus dipenuhi oleh organisasi, Serta kulangnya pemahaman mengenai tipe dan karakter suatu sistem management yang diterapkan oleh perusahaann , mendorong penulis untuk melakuknn kajian terhadap sistem management yang ada khususnya SMK3 yang diterapkan di PT X, dcngan harapan dapat memperoleh gambaran mengenai karakter dan tipe sistem management keselamatan kctja yang ada di PT X. Penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dalam penelitiannya, dcngan mcmanfaatkan pengctahuan , pemahan serta penerapan para karyawan dilapangan sebanyak 80 orang sebagai sample, ditanyakan berbagai pertanyaan melalui kuesioner yang disusun kedalam empat kelompok. Dari hasil pengolahan jawaban yang diperoleh dengan melakukan dua tahap perhitungan, yaitu pertama menjumlahkan nilai hasil survey, kemudian memberikan peringkat sehingga dapat diperoleh distribusi kecenderungan dari matrik yang ada dengan bantuan SPSS dan uji statistik anova dua arah serla uji signifikasi test freadman diperoleh nilai yang significant saling berhubungan. Dengan framework Gallagher tentang tipology system tipenya diperoleh gambaran keeendenlngan karakter dan system type yang diterapkan di PT X dimana diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Struktur dan tipe Sistem management keselamatan dan kesehatan ketja di PT X adalah campuran traclisional innovative managementS Strategi pengendalian adalah .nge person, sehingga pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah mclalui mix antara Sophisticated Behavioral approach dan Ummm: act minimtser. Pelaksanaan element program khusus di PT X menggunakan gaya traditional Unsajiz act minimiser dan Traditional engineering and design.

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Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) for organization that employed 100 people or more in Indonesia, makes the OHS management system mandatory, on the contrary in the foreign country its management system Implementation is voluntary. Even though it is voluntary, the global business agreement at least changed the voluntary to be a compulsion to applied if wants to keep the competitiveness. The GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 1994 stated: "The member state cannot make technical rules which obstruct incoming goods in the member state unless if concerning about occupational safety problems" OHS safety management implementation in Indonesia haven’t yet completed with good understanding of its OHS management system essence, it caused the improvement arc walk slowly and in fact static.

OHS management system as a cycle should be comprehended by all organization, the continuous improvement should preserve, to run, enlarge and keep the performance, organization should known the adequate type and characteristic of applied OHS management system. There are different understandings between OHS management system of Labour Department (SMK3 DEPNAKER) and OI-[SAS 18001. SMK3 DEPNAKER is type and model of OHS management system, of course this is caused the expansion of continuous improvement becomes difli-action, caused by lack of understanding about type and character of implemented management system. By known how the character and type of applied management system it will be easy for thc stakeholder to do improvement actions.

A large amount standard of management system which should followed by organization and lack of understanding about type and character of the applied management system by the company, encourages the researcher to study management system especially SMK3 which applied by PT. X, to obtain the description about character and management system type of occupational safety in PT. X. The researcher are using descriptive qualitative method in his research, using the knowledge, understanding, and implementation bythe field employee, as 80 persons as sample, asked by various question trough questionnaire which consist in four groups.

The answers are processed with two stage of calculation; first is sums up the value of survey result, then giving rank to obtain trend of distribution fiom the existence matrix with SPSS program and two way ANOVA statistic test and also friedman significant test, the result is interaction or interrelated significant value. From Gallagher’s ii-amework about typology of its type system obtained the descriptive of character trend and applied system type by PT. X. conclude that structure and type of OHS management system in PT. X. is combination of traditional innovative management system. The control strategy is safe person, so the approach used is the mix between sophisticated behavioral approach and unsajé act minimizer. The implementation of special element program in PT.X used traditional style of unsafe ac! minimrlfer and traditional engineering and design."

"Global Occupational Health' is a comprehensive introductory textbook designed for the preparation of professionals in occupational health. The textbook is intended for use in basic to mid-level courses, providing the reader or student with a solid foundation from which to pursue more specialized studies"

"Resiko dan bahaya pekerjaan petugas pemadam kebakaran membutuhkan perlindungan kerja dari Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran dan Penanggulangan Bencana DKI Jakarta. Perlindungan tersebut berupa tindakan proaktif untuk mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan kerja dan gangguan kesehatan. Tugas karya akhir ini menjelaskan mengenai pelaksanaan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) di Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran dan Penanggulangan Bencana DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penanggulangan kecelakaan serta gangguan kesehatan yang dilakukan Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran dan Penanggulangan Bencana DKI Jakarta belum baik karena  tidak terpenuhinya indikator SDM serta tempat kerja dalam pengukuran kinerja proaktif.

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The risks and dangers of firefighter’s occupation need to be protected by Departement of Firefighter and Rescue in Jakarta to maintain the safety and healthy of firefighters. The protection in the form of proactive action to prevent the occurrence of accidents and diseases problems. This thesis describes how Departement of Firefighters runs the occupational health and safety to firefighters. This research is descriptive research using qualitative approach. The results of this research is that the accident prevention and health disorders conducted Fire Service and disaster relief Jakarta need to be improved because it does not meet the standart of  occupational health and safety indicators proactive performance measurement."

"This second edition of the well-regarded Multiple Choice Questions and Revision Aid in Occupational Medicine continues as a comprehensive revision and study resource for those preparing for professional examinations in occupational health, occupational medicine and occupational health & safety.The content has been extensively revised and updated to cover relevant and current issues. There are three sections organized by question type – MCQ, MEQ, and OSPE. Each question is accompanied by the correct answer along with a brief justification explanation. The subject topics cover typical occupational health/medicine syllabuses associated with professional examinations including the use of the ‘best of many’ MCQ format. The book is essential reading for medical and non-medical practitioners studying for these examinations and will also be useful to those already in the multi-disciplinary field or those intending to enter it."