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Abstrak :
Size effect on structural strength is normally understood as the effect of the characteristic structure size on the nominal strength of the structure when geometrically similar structures are compared. Fracture test are usually conducted on relatively small specimen and them this information is extrapolated to large structures. The question is that are we able to reproduce the size effect in the modern numerical techniques. Numerical calculations by computational code based on finite element have been done. The results show that in order to produce a size effect, it is necessary to use a regularization method.

Abstrak :
Size effect on structural strength is normally understood as the effect of the characteristic structure size on the nominal strength of the structure when geometrically similar structures are compared. Fracture test are usually conducted on relatively small specimen and them this information is extrapolated to large structures. The question is that are we able to reproduce the size effect in the modern numerical techniques. Numerical calculations by computational code based on finite element have been done. The results show that in order to produce a size effect, it is necessary to use a regularization method.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah membuktikan keberadaan anomali pasar dalam bentuk `size effect' dan `January effect' di Bursa Efek Jakarta. Size effect mengacu pada selisih positif antara risk adjusted return perusahaan kecil dan besar. January effect mengacu kepada return pasar yang relatif tinggi di bulan Januari dibandingkan bulan-bulan lain terutama untuk saham perusahaan berkapitalisasi pasar kecil. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya membagi data penelitan secara merata menjadi 10 kelompok . Kelompok 1 terdiri dari kelompok perusahaan yang memiliki size terkecil dan total jumlah perusahaan dalam kelompok ini adalah 10 % dari total populasi penelitian. Kelompok 10 terdiri dari kelompok perusahaan yang memiliki size terbesar. Thomas E. Copeland dan J. Fred Weston dalam buku `Financial Theory and Corporate Policy' membahas return dalam suatu sari waktu, antara lain model fair game, model martingale atau submartingale, dan model random walk. Model fair game membahas return berdasarkan pola return rata-rata. Model submartingale merupakan model fair game di mana harga saham hari besok diharapkan lebih tinggi dibandingkan harga saham hail ini sedangkan model martingale menyatakan bahwa harga saham besok hari diharapkan sama dengan harga saham hari ini. Model random walk menyatakan tidak terdapat perbedaan return secara conditional berdasarkan suatu struktur informasi tertentu dan distribusi return unconditional. Hubungan antara return dan resiko dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan rasio Sharpe. Rasio Sharpe adalah rasio yang membagi excess return terhadap resiko yang dihadapinya atau juga disebut sebagai ' excess return per unit of risk' . Selama periode-1993-1996 dengan menggunakan keseluruhan sampel penelitian ternyata tingkat risk adjusted return yang diberikan oleh saham dengan kapitalisasi pasar kecil lebih baik dibandingkan tingkat risk adjusted return yang diberikan oleh saham dengan kapitalisasi pasar besar. Perhitungan dengan menggunakan rasio sharpe menunjukkan terjadinya gejala `size effect'. Penelitian terhadap `January effect' dengan menggunakan strategi investasi `buy and hold' tidak menunjukkan adanya keunggulan tingkat return pada bulan Januari dibandingkan bulan-bulan lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat keunggulan return paling tinggi justru terjadi pada bulan Desember. Keadaan ini menunjukkan secara historis investor dapat memperoleh tingkat return yang tinggi dari investasi yang dilakukannya jika memegang saham perusahaan yang memiliki kapitalisasi pasar kecil dan memperdagangkannya pada bulan Desember di Bursa Efek Jakarta.

Abstrak :
Kecendrungan menuju miniaturisasi terus meningkat beberapa tahun belakangan ini, seperti komponen alat-alat elektronika atau peralatan medis. Seiring dengan itu, tekonologi micro forming dituntut untuk mampu memproduksi secara presisi, cepat dan masal. Micro blanking merupakan salah satu proses fabrikasi yang efisien dan rendah biaya dibanding proses lain dalam skala mikro. Namun, size effect mempengaruhi hasil shear surface pada produk blank. Penelitian ini mengamati pengaruh kecepatan mulai 0.5 mm/s hingga 10 mm/s pada arah serat material sejajar dan tegak lurus menggunakan alumunium, tembaga, kuningan dan stainless steel SUS304. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan punch yang semakin tinggi mampu memperbaiki kualitas shear surface.

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The trend towards miniaturization has steadily increased in recent years, such as electronic rsquo s components or medical equipment. Micro forming technology needs to be able to make precise, rapid and massive production. Micro blanking is one of the most efficient and low cost process compared to other micro scale processes. However, the size effect affects the shear surface quality on the blanked product. This study observed the influence of the punch velocity from 0.5mm s to 10mm s in the parallel dan perpendicular rolling direction using aluminum, copper, brass and stainless steel SUS304. The results showed that higher punch velocity was able to improve the blank quality.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah diversifikasi portofolio pada saham syariah di Indonesia dan Malaysia dapat memberikan benefit berupa pengurangan resiko yang diterima investor, serta untuk melihat apakah faktor makroekonomi mempengaruhi return portofolio saham syariah secara signifikan. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan melihat adanya size effect dan profitability effect dalam saham syariah di Indonesia dan Malaysia, mengukur koefisien korelasi Pearson antara masing-masing portofolio saham syariah lintas negara serta menguji pengaruh faktor makroekonomi terhadap return portofolio saham syariah Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel emiten dengan jumlah lebih dari 500 emiten di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Hasil penelitian yang ditemukan di antaranya adalah terkonfirmasi adanya size effect dan profitability effect serta korelasi lemah hingga menengah pada portofolio saham syariah di dua negara tersebut. Selain itu, nilai tukar dan indeks saham komposit teruji sebagai variabel makroekonomi yang signifikan mempengaruhi return portofolio saham syariah di Indonesia dan Malaysia. ......This study is aimed to evaluate whether portfolio diversification on sharia stock in Indonesia and Malaysia could benefit the investor by minimiziing portfolio risk. Hypothesis testing is done by seeing if there any size effect or profitability occurences on sharia stocks in Indonesia and Malaysia, measuring Pearson correlation between each sharia stock portfolio on cross country basis and estimating the exposure of macroeconomic factor against sharia stock portfolio return. This study also uses sample consisting of more than 500 stocks in Indonesia and Malaysia. The result of the study therefore confirms the existence of size effect, profitability effect and weak to medium correlation on sharia stock portfolio return on both countries. Additionally, exchange rate and composite stock index are also confirmed as macroeconomic variable with significant exposure on sharia stock portfolio return in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Abstrak :
One method of increasing the durability of cylindrical concrete columns in aggressive surroundings is by providing a PVC skin around the columns. Beside protection added mechanical benefits have been investigated in this study. Results of this endeavor are reported in this paper. One hundred and fourteen specimens were prepared utilizing prepacked aggregate concrete (PA-Concrete), Consisting of andesite coarse aggregates and cement grout with 30% fly ash as partial cement replacement. Cylindrical specimens with varying length over diameter ratios (LID) and ages have been tested for their strength and ductilities. Results have shown the prevalence of beneficial composite behavior in PVC-confined specimens. Strength increases of 30% to 50% above those of unconfined specimens have been observed. Displacement ductilities lA > 7 have been derived, implying an increase of more than 8 times of those of unconfined specimens. Strains ductilities /l. > 2.4 and residual strength ratios R> 0.52Rp have been observed. Results indicate that strength increase with increasing ages while ductilities decrease with increasing un values. Toward the end of this paper, attempt is made to explain the mechanics of confinement in generating high load capacities of PVC protected columns.

Abstrak :
This handbook covers all areas of nonlocal continuum mechanics including theoretical aspects,computational procedures, and experimental advances. The multidisciplinary scope of articles that comprise this reference are written by internationally recognized experts in the field and stand as the most-up-to-date, established knowledge base on using nonlocal continuum mechanics to characterize material behavior for advanced composites and nano-materials, as well as for engineering scale structures. The handbook is at once a comprehensive reference for academic researchers and engineers in industry concerned with nonlocal continuum mechanics for materials and structures as well as a supplement for graduate courses on a range of topics.

Abstrak :
This handbook covers all areas of nonlocal continuum mechanics including theoretical aspects,computational procedures, and experimental advances. The multidisciplinary scope of articles that comprise this reference are written by internationally recognized experts in the field and stand as the most-up-to-date, established knowledge base on using nonlocal continuum mechanics to characterize material behavior for advanced composites and nano-materials, as well as for engineering scale structures. The handbook is at once a comprehensive reference for academic researchers and engineers in industry concerned with nonlocal continuum mechanics for materials and structures as well as a supplement for graduate courses on a range of topics.