Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Dengue berdarah dengue (DBD) di Indonesia adalah salah satu penyakit utama sejak 47 tahun yang lalu, yang terus meningkat hingga sekarang. Saat ini belum tersedia pengobatan spesifik Dengue Virus (DENV) yang efektif dan tersedia secara komersial, melainkan hanya sebatas terapi suportif. Penggunaan antivirus dapat menurunkan tingginya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang disebabkan dari infeksi DENV, di mana senyawa murni terus berkembang menjadi salah satu kandidatnya. Piperine adalah senyawa murni yang dapat ditemukan di beragam herbal yang tergolong dalam famili Piperaceae. Penelitian ini ialah studi eksperimental mengenai efektivitas Piperine sebagai antivirus terhadap DENV-2 galur New Guinea C pada galur sel manusia, Huh7it-1. Efektivitas didapat melalui perhitungan indeks selektivitas, melalui perbandingan nilai CC₅₀ dengan IC₅₀ Piperine. CC₅₀ dan IC₅₀ secara berurutan diuji menggunakan uji MTT assay dan focus assay. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, nilai CC₅₀ dan IC₅₀ yang didapat ialah 227,096 µg/ml dan 10,708 µg/ml, menghasilkan 21,208 indeks selektivitas. Tingginya CC₅₀ dan rendahnya IC 50 menghasilkan indeks selektivitas yang tinggi, sehingga membuktikan bahwa Piperine memiliki aktivitas penghambatan DENV yang tinggi dengan memiliki efek toksisitas yang rendah pada Huh7it-1. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Piperine adalah senyawa murni yang dapat menjadi kandidat dalam antivirus DENV di kemudian hari. ......Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Indonesia has been one of the major health problems since 47 years ago, which continuously increasing until now. There is no effective and commercially available antiviral drug specific to DENV, but they are now only limited to supportive therapies. The use of antiviral can decrease the morbidity and mortality rates caused by DENV infection, where pure compounds of many herbs are currently developing to become antiviral candidate. Piperine is an alkaloid found in various plants belonging to Piperaceae family. This is an experimental study regarding the effectivity of Piperine as antiviral against DENV-2 strain New Guinea C in human cell line, Huh7it-1. The effectivity of Piperine is measured through selectivity index (SI), obtained from the ratio between the half-cytotoxic concentration of Piperine (CC₅₀) and its half-inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀). CC₅₀ and IC₅₀ were measured respectively through MTT assay and focus assay techniques. From this experiment, CC₅₀ and IC₅₀ obtained were 227.096 µg/ml and 10.708 µg/ml, respectively - thus resulting 21.208 as its SI. The high CC 50 and low IC 50 , that create high SI indicates that Piperine has high antiviral activity against DENV with low toxicity in human cell line Huh7it-1. Therefore, the conclusion drawn is that Piperine is an effective candidate for antiviral against DENV-2 in the future.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interaksi sub-sub sistem dalam sistem pra pemberangkatan calon pekerja migran perempuan. Bagaimana interaksi sub-sub sistem dalam sistem pra pemberangkatan sehingga calon pekera migran mengalami kerawanan sosial dalam mempersiapka dirinya untuk bekerja ke Malaysia. Untuk tujuan tersebut digunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriftif. Kerangka teoritis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Teori Sistem (Analisis Ludwig Von Bertalanffy dan Mustakini). Penelitian ini kemudian menemukan bahwa secara umum, (1) hubungan diantara sub-sub sistem belum terkoordinasi dan terintegrasi, (2) manajemen pengelolaan pra pemberangkatan belum mengacu kepada SOP (standar operasional prosedur) yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah, (3) belum adanya harmonisasi dalam implementasi dan sinergitas regulasi yang ada, (4) ego sektoral dari masing-masing instansi terkait masih dominan, dan (5) fungsi control dan taua pengawasan dari pemerintah belum mendukung. ......This study aimed to analyze the interaction of sub-systems in the system of pre-departure prospective migrant workers. How the interaction of sub-systems in the system of pre-departure so that prospective migrant workers experienced social unrest in preparing him to work in Malaysia. For this purpose used a qualitative approach through case studies. The theoretical framework used in this research is Systems Theory (Analysis Ludwig Von Bertalanffy and Mustakini). The study then found that in general, (1) the relationship between sub-systems have not been coordinated, (2) management of pre-departure not refer to the SOP (standard operating procedure) that has been set by the government, (3) the absence of harmonization in the implementation and synergy with existing regulations, (4) the sectoral ego of each relevant agencies still dominant, and (5) the function of control of the government has not supported.

Abstrak :
Abstract. The legal foundation change on the local governance affects the change of status, role, and function of the sub-district’s head. In the past a sub-district’s head is the person in full charge of an area, however now he is only part of local apparatuses who get his authority if there is a delegation from the Regent/Mayor. To increase the role of the sub-district head in its area, the local government of Depok did some empowerment efforts. The research aims to analyze the sub-district head empowerment done by the local government of Depok by doing case study in three sub-districts in Depok, i.e. Beji, Sukmajaya, and Pancoran Mas. The paradigm of the research is positivistic with qualitative technique of data collecting thorugh in-depth interview and literature study. The result of the research shows that the empowerment done by the local government of Depok is not optimal. The sub-district organization is merely considered complimentary, therefore has les strategic authority.

Abstrak :
The enforcement of Law No. 22 Year 1999 on the Regional Autonomy Administration, which later was substituted by Law No. 32 Year 2004 regarding regional Administration , that had brought about different new paradigm in establishing the autonomy, has basically changed the practices of running the local government. One of them concerns the positions, duties, function and the authority of Sub-district Head. The change will both directly and indirectly change the structure of organization, its funding, staffing, meeting its logistic requirements and accountability. The change began with its definition about the "Sub-district" itself. In Law No. 5 Year 1974 about Pokok-Pokok Pemerintahan di Daerah (Governance Principles), Sub-district is an administrative Territory in the cause of de-concentration, namely within the circle of the. government bureaucracy locally executing public service_ While in Law No. 32 Year 2004 regarding Regional Government, Sub-district is an operational territory as a part of the municipality. This corresponds to what mentioned in Chapter 120, Article (2) regarding as follows: The municipality level consists of the local secretariat, regional agency, local technical bodies, sub-district and village. On its position, it is indirectly obliged to execute the authority of the municipal. This is found in chapter 126 article (2) Law No. 32 year 2004 regarding Regional administration, declaring that : The head of the sub-district in carrying out his/her duty receives the authority delegation from the mayor to handle the locallautonomy matters. Specifically for Tangerang municipality government, the decree of the mayor No. 02 year 2003 regarding the delegation of done of the municipality administration to the head sub-district across Tangerang territory was issued. There are some sectors out of 10 areas of authority that have been delegated to the sub-district head, among others : Transportation, general works, land matters, population affairs, trading, industry and cooperation, social matters, peace and order, licensing, tax and retribution, and secretarial matters. Two years' time has lapsed since its issuance, but the implementation of this authority delegation to the sub-district has not been optimally exercised. Starting from the curiosity for the actual reasons for the situation, a study has been made. The study used the qualitative method by accumulating the data through direct interview to relevant official, literature study and secondary data. The result shows that the delayed implementation of this authority delegation from the municipality administration to the head sub-district is caused by technical matters as to how it should be carried out. This is due to the decree of the mayor of Tangerang regarding the authority delegation has not been followed with required direction for its implementation and method which in the field has caused uncertainly as to how to do it. Besides, there are still other factors that also has caused the Tangerang mayor decree has not been implemented optimally, among others : human resources problem, financing aspects, requisite needs which have not been fully provided by the city administration. This means no other that the decree issues, has not been sufficiently supported by the above mentioned three factors. Coordination aspect has also become an additional cause for the delay of such implementation. The sub-district administration and Agency could not easily construct the required coordination, there's no coordination mechanism: The Tangerang Mayor's Decree No. 2 year 2003, could not sufficiently be made basic of coordination between the district held and the related body. The organization structure aspect has made it difficult to implement the authority. The existing structure within the sub-district administration is not compatible with the amount of sectors delegated, and the delegation aspect itself has caused the delay of the implementation. This due to existing doubt or reluctance of the related agency to voluntarily delegate some of the authority as have been regulated in Tangerang Mayor decree No. 2 year 2003. Some implication of this study is that it is necessary to create operational and technical directions for the Tangerang Mayor's decree No. 2 year 2003, that in the field, practice can be made easier if the sub-district be provided with the actual authority, like certain permits, that the sub-district administration service may become miniature of in its territory. This is all mainly done in the framework of providing better public service. It's undoubtedly, support of human resources, sufficient financial back up, requisite/perquisite availability is indispensable to help implement the message contained in the city major mentioned above. It's also of necessity to reconstruct the sub-district organization to make it more optimal in its status, especially in existing its main obligation and function.

Abstrak :
Proses karbonisasi secara hidrotermal atau hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) merupakan proses termokimia pada temperatur yang relatif rendah untuk meningkatkan fasa padatnya yang biasa disebut HTC. Proses ini dapat mengkonversikan berbagai jenis biomassa menjadi serupa lignit bahkan sub- bituminous dengan massa tertinggal sekitar 35-60%. Karbon yang hilang sangat tinggi pada proses ini dikarenakan senyawa organik terlarut pada fasa cair dan hanya sedikit gas yang diproduksi. Proses ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis biomassa serta kondisi operasi yang meliputi waktu tinggal serta temperature. Temperatur operasi HTC sekitar 180- 250°C di tekanan subkritik dengan waktu tinggal yang pendek. Hasil dari konversi biomasa MSW bisa digunakan untuk bahan bakar yang dapat diperbarui dan ramah lingkungan. ......The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process at relatively low temperatures to increase its solid phase commonly called HTC. This process can convert various types of biomass into similar lignite even sub-bituminous with masses left around 35-60%. The missing carbon is very high in this process due to the dissolved organic compounds in the liquid phase and only a few gases are produced. This process is strongly influenced by the type of biomass and operating conditions that include time and temperature. HTC operating temperature is about 180-250 °c at the pressure of sub-critic with short stay time. Results of the biomass conversion of MSW can be used for renewables and environmentally friendly