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"Selama bertahun – tahun, perempuan terus berusaha menghilangkan ketidaksetaraan antara perempuan dan laki – laki dalam setiap aspek kehidupan. Salah satunya dalam pekerjaan. Fenomena kesenjangan upah antar gender bukanlah sebuah fenomena yang asing ditelinga masyarakat. Menggali fenomena kesenjangan upah antar gender, terdapat pula didalamnya kesenjangan upah antar tenaga kerja perempuan yang sudah memiliki anak dan yang belum. Isu ini disebut sebagai motherhood penalty. Dengan data dari IFLS gelombang empat (2007) dan lima (2014), serta metode difference in differences dan propensity score matching, penulis menggali lebih dalam eksistensi motherhood penalty di Indonesia beserta faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Faktor – faktor sosio demografi digunakan dalam melihat pengaruhnya dalam eksistensi motherhood penalty di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kepemilikan balita merupakan pemicu utama adanya penalti upah yang diberikan pada tenaga Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat motherhood penalty dalam lingkup pekerjaan di Indonesia. kerja perempuan yang juga merupakan ibu......For years, women have tried to close the gap between women and men in every aspects of life, among which is in work. The gender pay gap phenomenon is not an odd issue in the society. Aside from the gap between genders, there is also a gap between female labors, namely the “motherhood penalty”. With data from the fourth (2007) and fifth (2014) wave of IFLS, the writer used difference in differences and propensity score matching methods to dig further information on the existence of Indonesia’s motherhood penalty and its supporting factors. Socio demographic factors are also used to see the phenomenon further. This study found that confirm that motherhood penalty exists in Indonesia"

"[ABSTRAKProfil demografi tenaga kerja telah banyak berubah. Perempuan banyak memasuki dunia kerja dan hampir mencapai 50% dari angkatan kerja. Ibu bekerja memiliki peran ganda dalam keluarga dan pekerjaan. Dibanding laki-laki, perempuan lebih terkena dampak pada persoalan terkait dengan gender di tempat kerja. Telah banyak penelitian dilakukan mengenai konflik pekerjaan-keluarga, sehingga fokus penelitian ini pada area kepuasan kerja, kepuasan kehidupan rumah, dukungan pasangan dan self-esteem pada ibu bekerja di sektor kesehatan. Analisis kuantitatif data dengan jumlah sampel 234, menemukan bahwa dukungan pasangan memiliki korelasi terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kepuasan kehidupan rumah dan self-esteem mempengaruhi secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Temuan lain menujukkan bahwa ibu bekerja di Kementerian Kesehatan yang berlokasi di kota Jakarta memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan pada kepuasan kehidupan rumah dan kepuasan kerja, yang lebih rendah dari pada ibu bekerja di luar Jakarta.

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ABSTRACTThe demographic profile of the workforce has shifted dramatically. Women have entered workplace and taken almost 50% of the workforce. Working mothers have double role in their family and organization. Compared to men, women are more sensitive to the gender issued in the workplace. There have been many research done to seek the problem of work-family life, therefore the focus of this study is within the area of job satisfaction, home-life satisfaction, partner supportiveness and self-esteem of the working mothers who work in the health sector. Using quantitative data analysis and with the total participants of 234, this study found that partner supportiveness positively correlate to job satisfaction. Home life satisfaction and self esteem have significant effect on job satisfaction. This study also found that there are some differences in home life and job satisfaction between working mothers who work in Ministry of Health in Jakarta and mothers who work outside Jakarta. Working mothers based in Jakarta have lower home life and job satisfaction compared to mothers outside Jakarta.;The demographic profile of the workforce has shifted dramatically. Women have entered workplace and taken almost 50% of the workforce. Working mothers have double role in their family and organization. Compared to men, women are more sensitive to the gender issued in the workplace. There have been many research done to seek the problem of work-family life, therefore the focus of this study is within the area of job satisfaction, home-life satisfaction, partner supportiveness and self-esteem of the working mothers who work in the health sector. Using quantitative data analysis and with the total participants of 234, this study found that partner supportiveness positively correlate to job satisfaction. Home life satisfaction and self esteem have significant effect on job satisfaction. This study also found that there are some differences in home life and job satisfaction between working mothers who work in Ministry of Health in Jakarta and mothers who work outside Jakarta. Working mothers based in Jakarta have lower home life and job satisfaction compared to mothers outside Jakarta.;The demographic profile of the workforce has shifted dramatically. Women have entered workplace and taken almost 50% of the workforce. Working mothers have double role in their family and organization. Compared to men, women are more sensitive to the gender issued in the workplace. There have been many research done to seek the problem of work-family life, therefore the focus of this study is within the area of job satisfaction, home-life satisfaction, partner supportiveness and self-esteem of the working mothers who work in the health sector. Using quantitative data analysis and with the total participants of 234, this study found that partner supportiveness positively correlate to job satisfaction. Home life satisfaction and self esteem have significant effect on job satisfaction. This study also found that there are some differences in home life and job satisfaction between working mothers who work in Ministry of Health in Jakarta and mothers who work outside Jakarta. Working mothers based in Jakarta have lower home life and job satisfaction compared to mothers outside Jakarta.;The demographic profile of the workforce has shifted dramatically. Women have entered workplace and taken almost 50% of the workforce. Working mothers have double role in their family and organization. Compared to men, women are more sensitive to the gender issued in the workplace. There have been many research done to seek the problem of work-family life, therefore the focus of this study is within the area of job satisfaction, home-life satisfaction, partner supportiveness and self-esteem of the working mothers who work in the health sector. Using quantitative data analysis and with the total participants of 234, this study found that partner supportiveness positively correlate to job satisfaction. Home life satisfaction and self esteem have significant effect on job satisfaction. This study also found that there are some differences in home life and job satisfaction between working mothers who work in Ministry of Health in Jakarta and mothers who work outside Jakarta. Working mothers based in Jakarta have lower home life and job satisfaction compared to mothers outside Jakarta., The demographic profile of the workforce has shifted dramatically. Women have entered workplace and taken almost 50% of the workforce. Working mothers have double role in their family and organization. Compared to men, women are more sensitive to the gender issued in the workplace. There have been many research done to seek the problem of work-family life, therefore the focus of this study is within the area of job satisfaction, home-life satisfaction, partner supportiveness and self-esteem of the working mothers who work in the health sector. Using quantitative data analysis and with the total participants of 234, this study found that partner supportiveness positively correlate to job satisfaction. Home life satisfaction and self esteem have significant effect on job satisfaction. This study also found that there are some differences in home life and job satisfaction between working mothers who work in Ministry of Health in Jakarta and mothers who work outside Jakarta. Working mothers based in Jakarta have lower home life and job satisfaction compared to mothers outside Jakarta.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi tenaga kerja perempuan yang telah kawin. Data yang digunakan adalah data Susenas Kor gabungan individu dan rumah tangga. Unit analisisnya adalah perempuan yang telah kawin, berusia 15 - 64 tahun, dan tinggal di perkotaan pada saat pelaksanaan sensus tahun 2013 di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis dekriptif dan analisis ekonometrika dengan menggunakan metode regresi logit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan positif dengan partisipasi tenaga kerja perempuan kawin diantaranya yaitu faktor umur, lama sekolah, status dalam rumah tangga yaitu status perempuan kawin sebagai kepala rumah tangga, jumlah anak dalam rumah tangga, akses internet, sektor pekerjaan dan pengeluaran dalam rumah tangga. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan negatif dengan partisipasi tenaga kerja perempuan kawin adalah keberadaan balita dan pendapatan suami. Dari nilai odds ratio dan nilai marginal effects ditemukan faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi partisipasi tenaga kerja perempuan kawin yaitu faktor sektor kerja yang menyerap tenaga kerja perempuan kawin dan status dalam rumah tangga. Partisipasi tenaga kerja perempuan kawin banyak terserap di sektor informal, yang disebabkan beberapa hal yaitu jumlah anak yang banyak, pendapatan keluarga yang rendah, status perempuan kawin dalam keluarga yaitu sebagai kepala rumah tangga, tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, serta umur yang sudah tua. ......This study aims to determine the factors that influence the labor force participation of married women. The data used is the data Susenas Kor individuals and households combined. The unit of analysis is a married woman, aged 15-64 years, and living in urban areas at the time of the census in 2013 in the province of North Sumatra. The method used is descriptive analysis method and econometric analysis using logit regression. The results showed the factors positively associated with labor force participation of married women among them are age, old school, status in the household, namely the status of married women as heads of households, number of children in household, internet access, sector employment and spending in households. Factors that negatively related to labor force participation of married women is the presence of children, age and income quadratic husband. Of the value of the odds ratio and the value of the marginal effects found that the dominant factor affecting the labor force participation of married women is a factor working sector that absorbs labor and status as a married woman in the household. The labor force participation of married women much absorbed in the informal sector, which is due to several things: the number of children that much, low family income, the status of married women in the family, namely as the head of the household, low education level, and old age."