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"Latar belakang: Penilaian keaktifan penyakit urtikaria kronik selama ini menggunakan kuesioner Urticaria Activity Score (UAS) yang telah divalidasi namun memiliki kekurangan bersifat subjektif. Berbagai biomarker telah dilaporkan berpotensi menilai keaktifan penyakit urtikaria kronik secara objektif untuk melengkapi penilaian menggunakan kuesioner UAS tetapi belum secara rutin dan seragam digunakan pada urtikaria kronik. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) adalah salah satu biomarker potensial yang secara luas tersedia dengan biaya yang tidak tinggi. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan penelitian di Indonesia yang menilai apakah CRP dapat menjadi pilihan pemeriksaan untuk menilai keaktifan penyakit urtikaria kronik.Tujuan: Menilai korelasi antara kadar CRP dengan keaktifan penyakit urtikaria kronik yang dinilai berdasarkan UAS7.Metode: Sebanyak 18 pasien urtikaria kronik berusia 18 – 59 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan menjadi subjek penelitian. Dilakukan penilaian UAS7 dan pemeriksaan kadar CRP. Korelasi kadar CRP dan keaktifan penyakit yang dinilai dengan UAS7 dilakukan menggunakan uji Spearman.Hasil: Lebih dari 1/3 pasien dengan urtikaria kronik memiliki kadar CRP yang meningkat di atas normal dengan nilai median 2,5 (0,1 – 8,7) mg/L. Median skor UAS7 adalah 14 (5 – 32). Berdasarkan uji Spearman didapatkan nilai koefisien korelasi (r=0,529) dengan nilai p=0,024.Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif sedang bermakna antara kadar CRP dengan keaktifan penyakit urtikaria kronik yang dinilai dengan kuesioner UAS7.

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Background: Urticaria Activity Score is a questionnairres that has been use as a tool to assess disease activity. This tool is validated and of great value in the monitoring of patients with chronic urticaria, but has disadvantage of being subjective instrument. Several reports have suggested that blood parameter, such as CRP, may indicate disease activity and may be considered as potential biomarker for chronic urticaria however, it is not routinely used in daily practice in Indonesia. Therefore, research is needed to see whether CRP can be supporting examination of choice to assess disease activity.

Objective: To assess the correlation between CRP levels and disease activity measured by UAS7.

Method: Eighteen chronic urticaria patients age 18 – 59 years old who meet all inclusion and exclusion criterias are recruited in this study. Assessment of disease activity using UAS7 and measurement of CRP levels were performed. Correlation of CRP levels and diasease activity was done using Spearman analysis.

Results: CRP levels was higher in more than 1/3 patients with chronic urticaria with median 2,5 (0,1 – 8,7) mg/L. The median of UAS7 is 14 (5 – 32. Based on Spearman analysis, the coefficient of correlation is 0,529 with p value = 0,024.

Conclusion: CRP levels was significantly correlated with disease activity as measured by UAS7."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan simulasi interferensi dari 2 drone keFixed Service (FS) dengan memperhitungkan faktor redaman hujan, dimana UASyang di teliti adalah sistem pesawat tanpa awak dengan kendali satelit dan FSadalah sistem komunikasi terrestrial di permukaan bumi. Evaluasi kompatibilitasdisini adalah pada penggunaan frekuensi yang sama pada kedua sistem tersebutyang dimodelkan dengan interferensi antara dua sistem. Dan berdasarkan WRC-15 (World Radiocommunication, 2015), bahwa salah satu spektrum alokasifrekuensi untuk Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) di wilayah 3 (Asia dan Oceania)adalah di frekuensi 12,5-12,75 GHz dimana pita frekuensi ini berbagi denganfrekuensi FS. Skenario interferensi antara kedua sistem ini diamati pada saat 2-drone terbang di atas wilayah FS, dan simulasi dilakukan untuk menyelidikigangguan dari emisi 2 drone ke penerima FS. Dimana hasil simulasi menunjukkanbahwa interferensi dari 2 drone tidak melewati batas yang telah ditentukan,sehingga masih aman bagi drone dan FS.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to evaluate the compatibility of spectrum Unmanned AircraftSystem (UAS) with the number of 2 drone and Fixed Service (FS) with rainattenuation, which the UAS in the study is the system of unmanned aircraft withsatellite control and FS is a terrestrial communication system on the earthsurface. Evaluation of compatibility here is the use of the same frequency in bothsystems, are modeled by interference between the two systems. And by WRC-15(World Radiocommunication, 2015), that one of the frequency spectrum allocatedfor the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) in region 3 (Asia and Oceania) is in the 12.5to 12.75 GHz frequency band, which is shared with the frequency FS. Interferencescenario between the two systems is observed during several drones flying overthe area FS, and simulations were carried out to investigate the disturbance of theemissions of 2 drone to the FS receiver. Wherein the simulation results show thatthe interference of drones did not cross the line that has been determined, so it isstill safe for the drones and FS"

"Latar belakang: Saat ini, peran vitamin D dalam berbagai penyakit kronis banyak diteliti. Vitamin D dianggap memiliki efek imunomodulator sehingga diduga berkaitan dengan beberapa penyakit alergi dan autoimun, termasuk urtikaria kronik. Terdapat laporan kadar vitamin D yang rendah pada pasien urtikaria kronik dan suplementasi vitamin D terbukti memperbaiki gejala urtikaria kronik yang dinilai dengan kuesioner yang sudah tervalidasi Urticaria activity score 7 (UAS7). Namun, penelitian mengenai korelasi kadar vitamin D serum dengan aktivitas penyakit urtikaria masih terbatas, terutama di Indonesia.Tujuan: Menganalisis korelasi kadar vitamin D (25[OH]D) serum dengan aktivitas penyakit pada pasien urtikaria kronik.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif-analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Tiga puluh pasien urtikaria kronik usia 18–59 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan direkrut dalam penelitian ini. Penilaian aktivitas penyakit menggunakan UAS7 dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar 25(OH)D serum. Korelasi kadar 25(OH)D serum dan aktivitas penyakit dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis Spearman. Penelitian ini juga menilai kecukupan pajanan matahari menggunakan kuesioner pajanan matahari mingguan.Hasil: Rerata skor UAS7 adalah 14,63±7,8, median durasi penyakit adalah 12 (2–120) bulan, median skor pajanan matahari mingguan adalah 8 (2–34), dan median kadar 25(OH)D serum adalah 12,10 ng/mL (6,85–29.87). Mayoritas subjek mengalami defisiensi vitamin D (80%). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar 25(OH)D serum dengan aktivitas penyakit (r=0,151; p=0,425), tetapi didapatkan korelasi negatif kuat yang bermakna pada kelompok defisiensi vitamin D berat (r=-0,916; p=0,001). Terdapat korelasi positif sedang bermakna antara aktivitas penyakit dan durasi penyakit (r=0,391; p=0,033). Pada kuesioner pajanan sinar matahari mingguan, didapatkan perbedaan bermakna skor bagian tubuh yang terpajan matahari antar kelompok insufisiensi dan defisiensi vitamin D (p=0,031).Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi kadar 25(OH)D serum dengan aktivitas penyakit pasien urtikaria kronik, namun terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan aktivitas penyakit pada kelompok defisiensi berat vitamin D.

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Background: Nowadays, the role of vitamin D in various chronic diseases is a matter of great interest. Vitamin D is thought to have an immunomodulatory effect so it is thought to be associated with several allergic and autoimmune diseases, including chronic urticaria. There have been reports of low vitamin D levels in patients with chronic urticaria and vitamin D supplementations has been shown to improve symptoms of chronic urticaria which was assessed by a validated questionnaire Urticaria activity score 7 (UAS7). However, data on the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and disease activity in chronic urticaria are still limited, especially in Indonesia.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between vitamin D (25[OH]D) serum and disease activity in chronic urticaria patients.

Methods:

This is an analytic-descriptive cross-sectional study. Thirty chronic urticaria patients age 18 – 59 years old who meet all inclusion and exclusion criterias were recruited in this study. Assessment of disease activity using UAS7 and measurement of 25(OH)D serum levels were performed. Correlation of 25(OH)D serum levels and disease activity was done using Spearman analysis. In this study, an assessment of sun exposure adequacy was carried out using a weekly sunlight exposure questionnaire.

Results: The mean of UAS7 was 14.63±7.8, median duration of illness was 12 (2 – 120) month, median weekly sunlight exposure score was 8 (2 – 34), and the median serum 25(OH)D was 12.10 ng/mL (6.85 – 29.87). The majority of subjects had vitamin D deficiency (80%). There was no correlations between serum 25(OH)D levels and disease activity (r=0.151; p=0.425). However, a significant negative correlation was found in severe deficiency vitamin D group (r=-0.916; p=0.001). There was also significant moderate correlation between disease activity and duration of illness (r=0.391; p=0.033). In weekly sunlight exposure questionnaire, we found that body surface area score was significantly different between insufficiency and deficiency vitamin D groups (p=0,031).

Conclusion: There was no correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and disease activity in chronic urticaria patients, however there was a tendency of increasing disease activity in severe deficiency vitamin D group"