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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
The effect of import tariff reduction on unemployment can be vary not only across sectors but also across regions, yet the empirical studies on regional analysis are still limited. this study investigates the effect of tariff reduction on unemployment in districts level in Indonesia spanning period 2000-2013. we follow the strategy of Topalova to construct regional tariff exposure in districts level. our empirical analysis use individual data approach to measure unemployment. By controlling the shifting in labor demand due to input tariff reduction, we find that impor tariff reduction leads to an increase in unemployment and the increase is higher in district with larger employment share in net importer sectors.

Abstrak :
Like many other Asian countries Indonesia inherited from colonial times a system of land taxation based on a detailed cadastre of all agricultural land. However in contrast with the experience of former colonial territories elsewhere in Asia the Indonesian government has in the post-1965 era been making a determined effort to revive land taxation as a source of revenue, and more important, to use the revenues as a means of promoting regional government initiative in the selection and carrying out of local develop¬ment projects. The tax is administered by a Directorate within the Ministry of Finance, whose regional offices are in charge of assessment down to individual taxpayers. Collection is done by village and regional government o`ficials while the use of funds is determined by kabupaten governments subject to certain regulations from the centre and provinces. In Java, Bali, Lombok, and South Sulawesi assessment is based on land records dating from the final decade of Dutch rule. In other parts of the archipelago where the colonial government did not assess a land tax on peasant agriculture, methods of current assessment are rather ad hoc with considerable differences between regions.Any evaluation of the functioning of an agricultural tax imposed in a poor agrarian economy such as Indonesia must take into account not only the standard criteria for assessing taxes such as equity, impact on resource allocation, administrative efficiency etc but also the rather more special¬ised arguments that have been developed in the literature for taxing agriculture and particularly agricultural land. Evidence available suggests that Ipeda in Indonesia contravenes the principle of equity in that, while widespread exemptions are given to urban income taxpayers, virtually all rural taxpayers have to pay both Ipeda and an assortment of other taxes some of which are assessed in a very regressive fashion. Rural producers are further penalised through government price policies for basic food staples such as rice and the renting of irrigated rice lands to the government sugar estates. There

Abstrak :
Especially for Asian regions, rice is a strategic commodity because it is a staple food for most of the Asian people. In terms of agricultural land resources availability, several countries have become importers whereas the orthers exports....

Abstrak :
One of the most worrying global issues facing agricultural interests today is the rapid conversion of productive agricultural land to non-agricultural uses. Indonesia has enacted the Sustainable Agriculture Land Protection Law (Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan / LP2B) as a crucial section of the Spatial Planning Regulations. Furthermore, the law has been ratified by a number of regional regulations. However, there are still misconceptions about LP2B among stakeholders which can magnify the difficulty of implementing the regulation. Using the historical method, this descriptive paper elaborates difficulties in protecting agricultural land due to misconceptions of stakeholders within the case study in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Misconceptions of stakeholders encompass three aspects: (1) land ownership (2) determination process and (3) implementation of LP2B protection. Difficulties did not automatically cease when the regulations had just enacted, instead, they continue into the application stage and become discourses in various cross-institutional forums. Furthermore, this paper synthesizes the author's own conceptions to rectify the misconceptions based on academic references and relevant statutory arguments. Stakeholders referred to in this paper were bureaucrats in agricultural and other institutions related to LP2B including the Regional Development Planning Agency, and the Ministry of Spatial Planning / National Land Agency. They were represented by officials, bureaucrats, or personnel who together with the author attended various coordination meetings, dissemination, workshops, focus group discussions, and similar forums that discussing LP2B and or other related topics in the period of 2014-2019. Policy implications are discussed.

Abstrak :
Untuk mewujudkan kedaulatan pangan terlebih dahulu harus terdapat ketersediaan pangan yang cukup dan menjamin hak atas pangan bagi rakyat yang berasal dari sumber daya lokal. Karena kebutuhan akan lahan untuk pembangunan semakin besar akibat laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan industrialisasi, maka alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi non pertanian menjadi sesuatu yang sulit dihindari. Jika alih fungsi lahan ini tidak diantisipasi dan tidak dilakukan upaya perlindungan terhadap lahan pertanian maka akan mengancam ketersediaan pangan yang cukup dan tidak tercapainya kedaulatan pangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk mewujudkan kedaulatan pangan diperlukan ketersediaan lahan pertanian yang dapat ,menghasilkan pangan yang cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan masyarakat. Dengan adanya pengaturan mengenai Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan dalam Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2009 beserta peraturan pelaksanaanya memberikan jaminan atas keberadaan lahan pertanian untuk ketersediaan pangan yang cukup agar dapat tercipta kedaulatan pangan. Dalam mewujudkan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan ini pemerintah mengupayakan ekstensifikasi lahan dengan pengadaan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan dan mengendalikan alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi non pertanian. Diperlukan pula pelaksanaan kewajiban dari Pemerintah Daerah untuk menjamin ketersediaan pangan bagi masyarakat melalui perlindungan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan dengan merumuskannya dalam bentuk instrumen hukum serta perencanaan lahan pertanian yang baik di daerah yang menjadi lokasi pengadaan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan.

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To realize food sovereignty, there must be sufficient food availability and guarantee the right to food for the people who come from local resources. Because the need for land for development is greater due to the rate of population growth and industrialization, then the conversion of agricultural land to non-agriculture becomes something that is difficult to avoid. If the conversion of land is not anticipated and no safeguards against agricultural land are carried out, it will threaten adequate food availability and not achieve food sovereignty. This research was conducted by normative juridical method. The results of this study indicate that to realize food sovereignty, the availability of agricultural land is needed, producing enough food to meet the food needs of the community. With the regulation regarding the Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture in Law No. 41 of 2009 along with its implementing regulations, it guarantees the existence of agricultural land for sufficient food availability so that food sovereignty can be created. In realizing this sustainable food agriculture land, the government seeks to expand the land by procuring sustainable food agricultural land and controlling the conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural land. Also required is the implementation of obligations from the Regional Government to ensure food availability for the community through sustainable food agriculture land protection by formulating it in the form of legal instruments as well as good agricultural land planning in the area where sustainable food agriculture is procured.

Abstrak :
Sektor pertanian Indonesia mengalami ancaman yang diakibatkan oleh alih fungsi lahan untuk berbagai kebutuhan dan aktivitas sektor lain. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi hal ini adalah penerapan kebijakan perlindungan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan (LP2B). Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan perlindungan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan (LP2B) terhadap sektor pertanian, apakah berpengaruh terhadap pengurangan alih fungsi lahan pertanian atau tidak. Hasil penelitian dengan metode kuantitatif ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan LP2B berpengaruh positif terhadap persentase luas lahan sawah. Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi luas lahan sawah adalah kepadatan penduduk, PDRB ADHB sektor pertanian, dan PDRB ADHB sektor real estate. ......The agricultural sector in Indonesia is facing threats caused by land conversion for various needs and activities in other sectors. One of the efforts to overcome this case is by implementing the sustainable food agricultural land protection policies (LP2B). This thesis aimed to analyze the impact of the policy on protecting agricultural land for sustainable food (LP2B) on the agricultural sector, whether it has an effect on reducing the agricultural land conversion or not. The results of this quantitative research show that the LP2B policy has a positive effect on paddy land area’s percentage. Other factors that affect the paddy land area’s percentage are population density, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of the agricultural sector, and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of the real estate sector.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kabupaten Subang merupakan lumbung padi terbesar ketiga di Jawa Barat setelah Karawang dan Indramayu. Pada Tahun 2008 berhasil melakukan swasembada beras, namun saat ini pada tahun 2015 ketahanan pangan Kabupaten Subang terancam karena dialokasikan sebagai target perluasan pembangunan baik industri manufaktur, perumahan, dan lainnya. Kondisi tersebut terjadi karena tata letak kabupaten Subang yang strategis, berbatasan dengan daerah industri, serta dilintasi jalur Pantura dan Tol Cikopo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lokasi perubahan penggunaan tanah sawah dan kaitannya dengan ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara temporal yaitu tahun 2008 dan 2015. Variabel yang digunakan adalah kepadatan penduduk, jumlah penduduk, kebutuhan pangan, dan jumlah produksi padi. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis overlay antara peta penggunaan tanah tahun 2008 dan 2015 untuk mengetahui perubahan penggunaan tanah sawah, dan analisis statistik Pearson Product Moment untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan penggunaan tanah sawah terhadap ketahanan pangan. Hasil penelitiannya adalah Perubahan penggunaan tanah sawah menjadi wilayah terbangun di Kabupaten Subang mayoritas terjadi pada penggunaan tanah sawah irigasi dengan tingkat kepadatan penduduk tinggi. Beberapa Kecamatan dengan perubahan penggunaan tanah sawah yang tinggi memiliki nilai ketahanan pangan yang rendah (kurang pangan). Semakin tinggi perubahan penggunaan tanah sawah menjadi wilayah terbangun, maka nilai ketahanan pangan akan semakin rendah.

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ABSTRACT
Subang Regency is the third largest rice producers in West Java after Karawang and Indramayu. In 2008 successfully rice self-sufficiency, but this time in 2015 food security in Subang Regency is threatened because Subang is allocated as a target expansion of manufacturing, housing, and others. The condition occurs because Subang is in a srategic position like a bordering the industrial area, and crossed PANTURA line and CIKOPO Toll. The aims of this research is to find out where the change of agricultural land use occurs and the relation of food security. This research was carried out in temporal terms, namely in 2008 and 2015. The variables are population density, food needs, and rice production, The method of this research is overlay analysis between land use maps in 2008 and 2015 to assess changes in land use fields, and analysis Pearson Product Moment statistic to know the effect of changes of agricultural land use to food security. The result of this research is agricultural land use change into the constructed area in Subang occur in the type of land use irrigated ricefield with a high density population. Some of sub-district that the high level of agricultural land use chnage have the low value of food security (less food). The higher of agriculturalland use change into constructed area, the value of food security would be lower.

Abstrak :
Studi pola pemanfaatan lahan pertanian di kabupatan Cianjur bagian utara dilakukan dengan mengacu pendapat Von Thunen yang menyatakan bahwa pemanfaatan lahan yang paling intensif terdapat di sekitar tempat pemukiman atau kampung dan semakin jauh dari pemukiman intensitas pemanfaatan lahan secara bertahap berkurang. Pendapat Von Thunen dapat ditafsirkan berorientasi pada besar kecilnya nilai keuntungan yang akan diperoleh petani. Sehubungan dengan itu dalam penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi dengan memasukkan unsur jalan sebagai fungsi jarak dan biaya transportasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan intensitas pemanfaatan lahan sawah, tegalan pada berbagai jarang dari pemukiman dan ketinggian. Dalam kaitannya dengan faktor ketinggian terdapat perbedaan dari segi jenis pemanfaatan lahan di sekitar pemukiman. Sedangkan dari segi jarak lokasi lahan pertanian, diperoleh gambaran bahwa semakin jauh jarang lokasi lahan pertanian yang kemudian membentuk titik lokasi jual beli antar petani dan pembeli nilai keuntungan petani semakin berkurang.