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"Alcoholic ketoacidosis is a common disorder in chronic alcoholic persons. The Pathogenesis is complex associated with extracellular fluid volume depletion, alcohol withdrawal, abdominal pain, and acid abnormalities. The syndrome is rapidly reversible and has a low mortality. The treatment is administration with normal saline, glucose, potassium and thiamine. We report two cases of Alcoholic Ketoacidosis, first case with classically picture of AKA and the second one AKA with Decrease consciousness and concomitant illness, pneumonia. We believe this report possibly to be the first report of AKA in Indonesia"

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman dalam obat kumur tanpa dan mengandung alkohol terhadap transverse strength resin akrilik polimerisasi panas. Spesimen berupa lempeng direndam di dalam obat kumur mengandung alkohol, tanpa alkohol, atau akuades selama 12, 24, dan 36 jam. Transverse strength diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode three point bending. Uji statistik menyatakan tidak ada perbedaan transverse strength yang bermakna antara spesimen yang direndam di dalam larutan perendam untuk setiap waktu perendaman maupun antar waktu untuk setiap larutan perendam. Penggunaan obat kumur tanpa dan mengandung alkohol tidak menurunkan transverse strength basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas.

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The aim of this study was to know the effect of immersion in alcoholic and non alcoholic mouthwash on transverse strength of heat cured acrylic resin. Specimen plates were immersed in alcoholic mouthwash, non alcoholic mouthwash or aquadest for 12, 24, and 36 hours. Transverse strength was measured using universal testing machine. Result showed that there was no statistically difference among the transverse strength of specimens either between immersion solution for each immersion time or between immersion time for each solution. The use of either alcoholic or non alcoholic mouthwash will not decrease the transverse strength of heat cured acrylic resin denture base."

"Minuman beralkohol adalah minuman yang diproduksi dengan cara memfermentasikan bahan yang mengandung gula menjadi etanol dan karbondioksida. Telah diketahui, tidak hanya etanol saja yang menjadi bahan utama dalam minuman beralkohol, seringkali ditemukan adanya metanol dalam minuman beralkohol. Untuk menganalisis kandungan etanol dan metanol tersebut digunakan metode kromatografi gas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan kadar etanol dan metanol pada minuman beralkohol dengan kondisi analisis optimum campuran etanol dan metanol pada tekanan gas pembawa 70 kPa, suhu injektor 100ºC, suhu detektor 100ºC, menggunakan pemrograman suhu dengan suhu awal 30ºC dipertahankan selama 10 menit sampai suhu 150ºC dipertahankan 5 menit dan menggunakan butanol sebagai pelarut. Dari 7 sampel yang diperiksa, satu sampel mengandung metanol yaitu pada sampel D dengan kadar (0,1037 ±0,0032)% v/v, lima sampel mengandung etanol dengan kadar berturut-turut sebesar (12.6217 ± 0.1546)% v/v, (3,5825 ± 0,0927)% v/v, (13,1819 ± 0,6154)% v/v, (3,1758 ± 0,0768)% v/v dan (17,6964 ± 0,1157)% v/v.dan dua sampel tidak mengandung etanol dan metanol yaitu pada sampel A dan B.

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Alcoholic beverages are drinks that produced by fermented compound that contain sugar become ethanol and carbondioxyde. As know, etanol not only the main component in alcoholic beverages, mostly found methanol in alcoholic beverages too. To analyze the ethanol and methanol contents, the gas chromatography methods is used. This research is purposed to determine the ethanol and methanol contents in alcoholic beverages.with optimum analytical condition of ethanol and methanol, with 70 kPa carrier gas pressure, 100ºC injector temperature, 100ºC detector temperature within temperature programmed with beginning temperature is 30ºC which maintaining for 10 minutes until the temperature 150ºC that maintaining for 5 minutes and using butanol as a solvent. Out of the 7 tested samples, one sample contain methanol in sample D with content is (0,1037 ±0,0032)% v/v, five samples contain ethanol with contents are (12.6217 ± 0.1546)% v/v, (3,5825 ± 0,0927)% v/v, (13,1819 ± 0,6154)% v/v, (3,1758 ± 0,0768)% v/v and (17,6964 ± 0,1157)% v/v respectively, and two samples are not contain ethanol and methanol which are in sample A and B."

"ABSTRAKMerokok dan mengonsumsi minuman beralkohol adalah salah dua kebiasaan yang digemari masyarakat di dunia. Di Prancis rokok dinikmati tidak hanya oleh orang dewasa tetapi juga oleh anak muda.. Angka mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi ditambah dengan pengungkapan dampak negatif rokok dan konsumsi minuman beralkohol mendorong Pemerintah untuk merumuskan undang-undang yang dapat melindungi masyarakat. Loi Evin merupakan undang-undang yang dirancang oleh Pemerintah dalam rangka melawan kebiasaan merokok dan mengonsumsi minuman beralkohol secara berlebih. Sementara itu idelogi politik di Prancis pada umumnya dipegang dengan teguh sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan benturan pada masa perumusan undang-undang yang dapat memanjangkan durasi perumusan undang-undang. Namun, proses penyusunan undang-undang tersebut yang relatif singkat dan mulus menunjukkan bahwa anggota Parlemen, penyusun undang-undang di Prancis, siap menanggalkan ideologi politik yang berbeda dan berkerja sama menyusun undang-undang yang sebaik mungkin demi kemaslahatan masyarakat.Kata Kunci : minuman beralkohol; proses legislasi; rokok; undang-undang.

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ABSTRACTSmoking and alcoholic baverages consumption are two habits enjoyed by people around the world. Cigarettes are favored not only by adults but also by young people in France. High mortality and morbidity rate as well as disclosure of side effects caused by smoking and alcoholic baverages consumption encourage the Government to formulate law in order to protect people. Evin Law is a law designed by the Government to combat smoking habits and excessive consumption of alcoholic baverages. Meanwhile, in France political ideology is fimly held thus it could potentially lead to a rise of a conflict in the process of drafting the law. However the legislation process of Evin Law went on smoothly in a relatively short time and this shows that the members of Parliament, the two legistive institution in France, were willing to let go of the different political ideologies and worked together to draft the perfect law for the benefit of the society.Keyword alcoholic beverage cigarette cigarette legislation process."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dengan jelas tentang pelaksanaan psiko-religius dengan pertaubatan dan mengetahui pengaruh dalam membina mental pasien pecandu narkotik dan zat adiktif di Pesantren Nurul Jannah Cikarang Bekasi. Konsep taubat digunakan sebagai terapi yaitu dengan meakkukan pendidikan terpadu untuk meningkatlcin kesadaran dan kesungguhan meninggalkan penggunaan napza, sehingga dapat sembula secara fisik dan mental.Taubat sebagai psiko-religius memiliki tiga indikator umum yaitu: pertama An-Nadamu (penyesalan) yang memiliki ciri-ciri Bari penyesalan antara lain: menagis, takutlkhawtir/cemas {khauf), merenung, mengaharap-harap camas (raja ), mengutarakan kepada orang lain. Kedua keinginan berhenti (berjanji untuk tidak mengulangi doss) dan yang ketiga adalah pembuktian.Bari penelitian terhadap proses pertaubatan di Pesantren Nurul Jannah Cikarang Bekasi diketahui bahwa proses pertaubatan yang dilakukan adalah sesuai dengan konsep-konsep taubat. Serta dari basil wawancara kepada enam pecandu napza yang telah bertaubat dengan proses pertaubatan di Pesantren Nurul Jannah Cikarang Bekasi diketahui adanya pengaruh dalam upaya membina mental pecandu napza Sehingga dapat dikatsakan dalam studi kasus ini bahwa proses peratubatan yang dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jannah telah sesuai dengan konsep taubat dan sangat berpengaruh terhadap upaya membina mental pecandu napza.

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ABSTRACT

The goal of this research is to know well and analyte about the work of psycho-religy by doing forswear method (Konsep Taubat) and to know the influence factor to recover the user of drug and narcotic in Pesantren Nurul Jannah Cikarang Bekasi. Religy therapy which is being an alternative wa to cure the users. And it is more success than others method there are many concepts in Islam to recover the users, One of them is forswear ( Taubat ) method.. This method is using particular education or Islamic curriculum to recover the users from eddicted drug ang get a way from Cher community in order to cure both psycho or mentality.

Forswear method as one of the psycho-religy which are involved into three general indicators, they are: An-Nadamu (Regreting) which has specific indicates such as they are crying, scared, frighteny, anxious (Khan ),they are restless in hoping something, (raja') , they will try to express their feeling to some one else. The second, they really want to quite and promise not to do it again (they will promise not to repeat their sin) and the finally they will prove their promise).

From the research we know that the forswear method which is done in Nurul Jannah is suitable with forswear concept it self. From the interview of six users who has already recovered, they proved that The influences of this method is reality successful to cure the users event psycho or mentality."

"Latar BelakangPerlemakan hepatitis non-alkoholik (NASH) merupakan bagian dari spektrum penyakit perlemakan hati non-alkoholik (NAFLD) yang dimulai dari perlemakan hati murni dan bisa berlanjut menjadi sirosis hati. Hipotesis terjadinya NASH hingga saat ini adalah teori Two Hit. Dikatakan bahwa sindrom resistensi insulin (obesitas, DM tipe II, dan dislipidemi) memegang peranan penting dalam terjadinya NASH. Sampai saat ini studi tentang resistensi insulin pada NASH belum pernali dilaporkan di Indonesia.Tujuan PenelitianMendapatkan gambaran klinik dan besar kejadian resistensi insulin pada penderita NASH.Desain PenelitianStudi ini merupakan studi abscrvasional yang bersifat deskriptif-analitik dengan desain potong lintang perbandingan. Pasien dan MetodeDidapatkan 30 pasien yang berobat ke poliklinik hepatologi di beberapa Rumah Sakit di Jakarta dengan perlemakan hati (dari hasil USG) yang bersedia menjalani pemeriksaan antropometrik, dan pemeriksaan darah perifer untuk kadar gula puasa, preftl lipid, fungsi hati dan insulin puasa. Penderita dengan riwayat minuet alkohol, narkoba, serologi virus hepatitis positif, dan ANA posilifdieksklusi.Gambaran NASH diperiksa oleh tiga ahli patologi anatomi (menurut criteria Brunt). Untuk analisa resistensi insulin (dengan reagen insulin ultrasensitif) diperiksa pada 30 penderita NASH yang dibandingkan dengan 30 kontrol normal dengan metode ELISA. Untuk analisa statistik digunakan program SPSS untuk Window versi 12 dengan uji statistik nonparametrik (Mann-Whitney).HasilDari 30 penderita NASH, hipertensi ditemukan pada 8 (26,7%) subyek, dispepsia pada 14 (46,7%) subyek, berat badan berlebih pada 6 (20%) subyek, obesitas pada 19 (63,3%) subyek, gangguan fungsi hati pada 20 (67%) subyek, hipertrigliseridemi pada 19 (63,3%) subyek, DM tipe II pada 5 (16,7%) subyek, dan sindroma metabolik pada 9 (30%) subyek. HOMA-IR didapatkan lebih tinggi pada kelompok subyek dengan NASH bila dibandingkan kontrol normal (p = 0,001). Resistensi insulin ditemukan pada 16 (53,3%) dari 30 penderita NASH (dengan batas HOMA-IR < 3,02).SimpulanKebanyakan penderita NASH memiliki minimal satu dari komponen metabolik. Resistensi insulin mungkin mempunyai peran pada penderita NASH. Dibutuhkan sampel lebih banyak dan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai resistensi insulin di hati.

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BackgroundsNon-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is a spectrum of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) which is starting from pure fatty liver (steatosis) to hepatic cirrhosis. Most of studies about prevalence of NASH come from Western countries. The recent hypothesis of NASD which is accepted until now is the Two Hit Theory. It was noted that insulin resistance syndrome (obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia) has an important sole in NAFLD especially in progression to become NASH. In Indonesia, study about insulin resistance in NASH has not been reported.Aims of the studyTo know the clinical pictures and the prevalence of insulin resistance in subjects with NASH.Study DesignThis study was a descriptive-analytic with a comparative cross-sectional design. Patients and MethodsThere were 30 outpatients who come to liver clinic in several hospitals in Jakarta, with a diagnosis of fatty liver (ultrasound examination) underwent examination of anthropometric measurement, and blood tests for fasting glucose, lipid profile, liver function and fasting insulin level. Subjects with a history of alcohol intake, drug abuser, HBsAg positive, anti I-ICV positive and ANA positive were excluded. A liver biopsy proven NASH was confirmed from every subject (according to Brunt criteria), which has been examined by three experienced pathologists. The insulin resistance measured (with ELISA method) in 30 subjects with NASH by 1-IOMA-IR was compared with 30 normal controls. All analyses were performed with SPSS for Windows version 12 A significance level of 5% was used with non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney).ResultsFrom 30 subjects with NASH, hypertension was found in 8 (26.7%) subjects, dyspepsia was found in 14 (46.7%) subjects, overweight was found in 6 (20%) subjects, obesity was found in 19 (63.3%) subjects, abnormal liver function tests was found in 20 (67%) subjects, hypertrigliseridemia was found in 19 (63.3%) subjects, DM type II was found in 6 (16.7%) subjects, and metabolic syndrome was found in 9(30%) subjects. HOMA-IR was found higher in 30 subjects with NASH compared to 30 normal controls (p= 0.001). Insulin resistance was defined when HOMA-IR was more than 3.02. Insulin resistance was found in 16 (53.3%) from 30 subjects with NASH.ConclusionsMost subjects with NASH have at least one component of the metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance might have a role in subjects with NASH. A larger sample was needed to support this study. Further study about hepatic insulin resistance is needed."