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"Gangguan bipolar merupakan suatu gangguan yang ditandai dengan perubahan mood antara rasa girang yang ekstrem dan depresi yang parah (Nevid, Rathus & Greene, 2003). Para penderita gangguan bipolar tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk mengendalikan emosi sehingga menyebabkan kualitas hidup mereka rusak (Goodwin & Jamison, 1990). Mereka sulit mempertahankan suatu hubungan, memiliki kinerja kerja yang buruk, dan sulit menjalankan fungsi sosial dengan baik.Walaupun tidak bisa kembali normal, seorang penderita bipolar mampu mengusahakan agar dapat pulih. Coleman (1999, dalam Straughan & Buckenham, 2006) mengatakan pulih berarti kemampuan seseorang untuk mempertahankan kondisi stabil agar tidak terlalu 'tinggi' ketika manik atau terlalu 'rendah' ketika memasuki episode depresi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor pendukung pemulihan pada penderita bipolar dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam. Sampel penelitian ini adalah tiga orang penderita bipolar yang telah mendapat diagnosis dari psikolog atau psikiater.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pemulihan yang dialami setiap subjek telah melalui beberapa kali peristiwa kambuh dan usaha bunuh diri. Dari peristiwa-peristiwa tersebut para subjek belajar untuk mengenali gejala-gejala gangguan bipolar sehingga mampu melakukan usaha pencegahan atau meminimalisir tingkat keparahan saat kambuh. Terdapat beberapa faktor pendukung proses pemulihan pada mereka yaitu nilai agama, dukungan keluarga, kehadiran teman dan obat-obatan.

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Bipolar disorder is a symptom that is indicated by changing in mood extremely between manic and acute depression (Nevid, Rathus & Greene, 2003). The bipolar disorder sufferer do not have ability to control their emotion and it affects their life (Goodwin & Jamison, 1990). They will find difficulties in making relationship, having bad working habbits, and hard to carry out their social function.Although the sufferer cannot back to the previous condition, but they can make an effort to be recovered. Coleman (1999, in Straughan & Buckenham, 2006) said that recovered here means condition that make someone can maintain the stability of their emotional condition.The aim of this research is knowing supporting factors of recovery in bipolar disorder sufferer using intensive interview method. Objects of this research are three bipolar disorder sufferers who have been diagnosed by the psychiatrist.The result indicate that during recovery process, the sufferers recurrenced from their illness for several times and even tried to commit suicide. From that experience, the sufferer learned how to analyst the bipolar disorder symptom so they can do preventive action against it. There are severals suppporting factors that can help recovery process, they are religion moral, family support, friends, and medicines."

"The author reviews the changing diagnostic concepts of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with a historical perspective to clarify how the current conflict over explanations for psychosis has arisen. That two disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar, known as the Kraepelinian dichotomy, account for the functional psychoses has been a cornerstone of Psychiatry for over 100 years, but is questioned because of substantial similarities and overlap between these two disorders. Literature in the field demonstrates that psychotic patients are frequently misdiagnosed as suffering from the disease called schizophrenia when they suffer from a psychotic mood disorder. Such patients, their families, and their caretakers suffer significant disadvantages from the misdiagnosis. Psychotic patients misdiagnosed with schizophrenia receive substandard care regarding their medications, thus allowing their bipolar conditions to worsen. Other adverse effects are substantial and will be included. Liability for medical malpractice is of critical importance for the mental health professionals who make the majority of the diagnoses of schizophrenia. The concept put forward in this work will have a discipline-altering impact."

"Written with disarming honesty by a long-term sufferer of bipolar disorder, with more than half a century’s experience of intervention and treatment, this highly personal volume traces the effectiveness of a therapy modality for mental illness that has gained much ground in the past two decades : art. The author began to use art, and in particular doodling, from 1998 as a way of externalizing his feelings. Its expressiveness, accessibility and energy-efficiency was ideally suited to the catatonia he experienced during the bouts of depression that are a feature of bipolar disorder, while as the low moods lifted and his energy surged, he completed more ambitious and elaborate works. As well as being highly eclectic, Wheatley’s assembled oeuvre has afforded him both insights and therapeutic intervention into his condition, once deemed highly debilitating and taboo, but much more socially accepted now that well known sufferers such as Stephen Fry have recounted their experiences of the condition. After an opening account of how the images were generated, the volume reproduces a ‘gallery’ of selected work, and then offers an extended epilogue analyzing the art’s connections with the disorder as well as the author’s assessment of how each attempt at visual self-expression was, for him, a therapeutic intervention. Wheatley, a cell biologist who has enjoyed a full career in cancer research, has had no formal training in art, yet his haunting pictures, many of them resembling life forms, are brought to life by his perceptive, self-aware commentary. "

"Gangguan fungsi kognitif pada gangguan afektif bipolar timbul bersamaan dengan gejala episode mood dan diharapkan dapat pulih seiring remisi gejala episode mood. Penelitian-penelitian menemukan fungsi kognitif yang menetap pada fase remisi gejala dan diduga dapat memengaruhi fungsi psikososial. Salah satu fungsi kognitif yang terganggu selama fase remisi adalah memori verbal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan hubungan antara fungsi memori verbal dengan fungsi psikososial pada pasien dengan gangguan afektif bipolar fase remisi dan nonremisi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di Poli Psikiatri Dewasa RSCM. Subyek yag digunakan sebanyak 64 orang, terdiri atas 32 pasien fase remisi dan 32 pasien fase nonremisi. Memori verbal diukur dengan Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), fungsi psikososial diukur dengan The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). Kedua kelompok tidak memerlihatkan perbedaan performa fungsi memori verbal, kecuali pada performa fungsi pemanggilan kembali segera (p 0,046). Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara memori verbal dengan fungsi psikososial pada pasien dengan gangguan afektif bipolar fase remisi dan nonremisi. Performa memori verbal yang sama antara kelompok pasien remisi dan nonremisi menunjukkan bahwa memori verbal pada gangguan afektif bipolar dapat terganggu meskipun gejala mood sudah remisi. Fungsi psikososial dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor selain fungsi memori verbal yang perlu diteliti lebih lanjut.

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Cognitive impairment in bipolar affective disorders happens during mood epsisode symptoms and are expected to recover within remission of mood episode symptoms. Studies have found cognitive functions that settled during remission phase of symptoms and are thought to affect psychosocial function. One of the impaired cognitive functions during the remission phase is verbal memory. The purpose of this study was to prove the relationship between verbal memory and psychosocial function is patients with bipolar disorder currently in remission and nonremission ones. This study was a cross-sectional study conducted at Adult Psychiatry Policlinics at Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital. The subjects were 64 patients, consisting of 32 remitted patients, and 32 nonremitted patients. Verbal memory is measured using Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Psychosocial functions were measured by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). The two groups showed no differences in the performance of verbal memory, eccet for immediate recall function (p 0,046). There was no statistically significant relationship between verbal memory and psychosocial function in both groups. Verbal memory performnace may still impaired bipolar disorder during remission. Psychosocial functions can be influenced by various factors other than verbal memory fucntion and need to be investigated further."