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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji apa saja yang menjadi dasar diterimanya gugatan Churchill Mining Plc oleh Arbiter pada badan arbitrase ICSID dan menganalisa apakah dasar-dasar penerimaan gugatan tersebut menjadikan badan arbitrase ICSID memang memiliki yurisdiksi untuk memeriksa perkara yang diajukan oleh Churchill Mining Plc. Sehingga perlu untuk ditinjau secara yuridis apakah memang sepatutnya gugatan Churchill Mining Plc tersebut diterima oleh ICSID atau tidak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penulisan ini adalah metode yuridis-normatif. Metode yuridis-normatif tersebut akan digunakan untuk melakukan analisa terhadap data sekunder. Adapun bahan hukum primer yang digunakan berupa peraturan Konvensi ICSID, Undangundang Nomor 5 Tahun 1968 tentang Ratifikasi atas Konvensi ICSID dan bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan artikel ilmiah

Bahwa adapun Churchill Mining Plc menggugat Indonesia dengan mendasarkan gugatannya tersebut terhadap Pasal 7 ayat (1) BIT UK-Indonesia. Dimana atas hal tersebut tergugat mengemukakan statement of defence tentang keberatan terhadap yurisdiksi ICSID, maka Dewan Arbitrase harus terlebih dahulu mengemukakan keputusan mengenai yurisdiksinya untuk menangani perkara. Dimana dewan arbitrase harus mendasarkan putusannya tersebut terhadap Pasal 25 Konvensi ICSID yang mengatur secara khusus mengenai yurisdiksi ICSID

Bahwa berdasarkan ketentuan-ketentuan tersebut di atas, maka untuk kasus Churchill Mining Plc vs Republik Indonesia sepatutnya tribunal ICSID tidak menerima gugatan tersebut, hal ini karena seharusnya yang menggugat Indonesia adalah bukan Churchill Mining melainkan perusahaan Ridlatama Group, karena sesungguhnya yang dicabut Izin Kuasanya adalah Ridlatama Group dan bukan Churchill. Sehingga sepatutnya masalah ini tidak dicampuradukkan dengan masalah hukum internasional dan sepatutnya diselesaikan melalui ranah hukum nasional Indonesia. Adapun menurut penulis untuk menghindari terjadinya hal yang sama, ada baiknya Indonesia melakukan amandemen terhadap Billateral Investment Treaty dan bahkan Indonesia juga lebih baik mempertimbangkan untuk keluar sebagai anggota Konvensi ICSID, dimana berdasarkan Pasal 71 Konvensi ICSID hal tersebut diperolehkan

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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to assess what is the basis of the acceptance of Churchill Mining Plc Lawsuit by the Arbitrator in ICSID and analyze whether the fundamentals of the acceptence of the lawsuit indeed made the ICSID does have a jurisdiction to examine the case. Therefore it is necessary to make a judicial review, whether the Lawsuit which had been filed by Churchill should be received by ICSID or not. The method used in this paper is a method of juridicalnormative. Juridical-normative methods will be used to conduct an analysis the secondary data. The primary legal materials use in this research are the regulations of the ICSID Convention and Law No. 5 of 1968 concerning the Ratification of the Convention ICSID and the secondary legal materials use in this research are books, scientific journals and scientific articles

Whereas Churchill file a lawsuit against Indonesia, based on Article 7 paragraph 1 BIT UK-Indonesia and the Approval of BKPM. Where based on the claim by Churchill, Indonesia as the Defendant also has submit the statement of defence regarding their objection toward the jurisdiction of ICSID. Based on Article 41 ICSID Convention, the Board of ICSID Arbitration in advance must make a decisions regarding its jurisdiction to handle the case. Where the decision of Board of ICSID Arbitration must be made under the Article 25 of the ICSID Convention that specifically regulates the jurisdiction of ICSID.

Based on the regulations as above, therefore for the case of Churchill Mining vs Republic of Indonesia, ICSID tribunal should not accept the claim of Churchill Mining. The reason is because the one who should suing Indonesia is not Churchill Mining but Ridlatama Group, because the party who‟s their mining license are revoked by the Regent of Kutai Timur is Ridlatama Group not Churchill Mining. So this problem should not be yoked with the international law and should be resolved through national (Indonesia) legal sphere. To prevent the same thing accure again, Indonesia should consider to amendment the Billateral Investment Treaty between United Kingdom and Indonesia and it is better to consider to drop out as a member of the ICSID Convention, where that is possible under Article 71 of the ICSID Convention

Abstrak :
Dalam skripsi ini dirancang memori 16 bit menggunakan Surface-Channel Charge Coupled Device. SCCD yang digunakan menggunakan substrat Silikon tipe-P dengan konsentrasi dopan sebesar 10's dopanlcm3. Panjang gate CCD sebesar 9 Pm dan jarak antar gate sebesar 1.5 }im. Perpindahan muatan dilakukan secara tiga fasa, Teknik pemasukan sinyal digital yang digunakan adalah voltage input clan teknik pendeteksian yang digunakan floating diffusion amplifier Teknik pengorganisasian memori yang digunakan adalah serpentine multiple loop-random acces yang menggunakan sebuah multiplererdengan addressz bit clan 4 buah loop yang masing-masing terdiri dari dua registerCCD serta dua regenerator. Hasil perhitungan divais menghasilkan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mentransfer data secara acak dalam satu register CCD adalah 666.68 ns, jauh lebih kecil da6pada waktu yang dibutuhkan register CCD untuk mencapai kondisi inversi, 0.35875 ms, Perhitungan clan simulasi divais menggunakan software MATLAB 4.0 dari Mathworks & Co.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Tesis ini mengkaji putusan ICSID dalam sengketa antara Rafat Ali Rizvi melawan Republik Indonesia yang diputus berdasarkan Bilateral Investment Treaty (?BIT?) antara negara Indonesia dan negara Inggris, Agreement between the Government of United Kingdom and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia for the Promotion and Protection of Investments, yang ditandatangani pada tanggal 27 April 1976 dan mulai berlaku tanggal 24 Maret 1977. Permasalahan utama yang menjadi fokus penelitian ini adalah (i) apakah yang menjadi pokok sengketa antara Rafat Ali Rizvi melawan Republik Indonesia dan (ii) bagaimana pendapat majelis arbitrase ICSID yang memeriksa dan mengadili perkara tersebut dikaitkan dengan penafsiran atas ketentuan BIT dalam sengketa penanaman modal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pokok sengketa yang terjadi adalah masalah proses dan prosedur masuknya penanaman modal asing (admission process) yang harus dilalui investor berdasarkan BIT. Proses tersebut menentukan legalitas penanaman modal yang dilakukan. Tidak terpenuhinya admission process tersebut menjadikan Majelis Arbitrase ICSID tidak memiliki yurisdiksi untuk memeriksa dan mengadili sengketa tersebut sehingga pokok perkara tidak dapat diperiksa. Penafsiran atas ketentuan-ketentuan dalam BIT utamanya menggunakan Pasal 31 ayat (1) Konvensi Wina 1969 tentang Hukum Perjanjian, khususnya penafsiran berdasarkan makna biasa dari rumusan ketentuan BIT. Kajian tesis ini menyimpulkan bahwa penanaman modal yang dilakukan Penggugat tidak memenuhi ketentuan Pasal 2 ayat (1) BIT mengenai admission process sehingga Majelis Arbitrase menyatakan tidak memiliki yurisdiksi untuk memeriksa perkara tersebut. Majelis Arbitrase menafsirkan frasa ?granted admission in accordance with? dalam ketentuan Pasal 2 ayat (1) BIT antara Indonesia dan Inggris berdasarkan Konvensi Wina 1969 tentang hukum perjanjian khususnya Pasal 31 ayat (1). Penggunaan aturan penafsiran tersebut juga ditemukan dalam putusan-putusan ICSID lainnya yang menafsrikan ketentuan BIT yang serupa dengan ketentuan BIT antara Indonesia dan Inggris.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis analyzes the decision of ICSID tribunal in the case between Rafat Ali Rizvi v. Republic of Indonesia based on Bilateral Investment Treaty (?BIT?) between Indonesia and United Kingdom, Agreement between the Government of United Kingdom and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia for the Promotion and Protection of Investments, signed on 27 April 1976 and entered into force on 24 March 1977. The research questions of this thesis are (i) what is the subject matter of the case between Rafat Ali Rizvi v. Republic of Indonesia; (ii) how is the opinion of the Tribunal in examining and adjudicating the case related to the interpretation of BIT provisions in investment disputes. The method used in analyzing the problems is normative legal research method. Research result shows that the subject matter of the case is the admission process of foreign investment. There is admission process that should be followed based on BIT in that process which determines the legality of the investment. This legality requirement is related to ICSID jurisdiction. If these processes are unfulfilled, the ICSID tribunal will not have jurisdiction on the case. Thus, the merit of the case will not be examined. The rule of interpretation used is mainly the provision of Article 31 (1) of the 1969 Vienna Covention on the Law of Treaty especially interpretation based on the ordinary meaning of the BIT provision. This study concludes that the Claimant?s investment does not fulfil the provision of Article 2 (1) of BIT between Indonesia and United Kingdom concerning the admission process that the Tribunal does not have jurisdiction on the case. The Tribunal inbterprets the phrase ?granted admission in accordance with? in the provision of Article 2 (1) of the BIT based on the 1969 Vienna Convension on the Law of Treaty especially Article 31 (1) concerning interpretation based on the ordinary meaning of the BIT provision. The use of this rule of interpretation is also found in other ICSID decisions which interpret similar phrase of BIT as that in the BIT between Indonesia and United Kingdom.;This thesis analyzes the decision of ICSID tribunal in the case between Rafat Ali Rizvi v. Republic of Indonesia based on Bilateral Investment Treaty (?BIT?) between Indonesia and United Kingdom, Agreement between the Government of United Kingdom and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia for the Promotion and Protection of Investments, signed on 27 April 1976 and entered into force on 24 March 1977. The research questions of this thesis are (i) what is the subject matter of the case between Rafat Ali Rizvi v. Republic of Indonesia; (ii) how is the opinion of the Tribunal in examining and adjudicating the case related to the interpretation of BIT provisions in investment disputes. The method used in analyzing the problems is normative legal research method. Research result shows that the subject matter of the case is the admission process of foreign investment. There is admission process that should be followed based on BIT in that process which determines the legality of the investment. This legality requirement is related to ICSID jurisdiction. If these processes are unfulfilled, the ICSID tribunal will not have jurisdiction on the case. Thus, the merit of the case will not be examined. The rule of interpretation used is mainly the provision of Article 31 (1) of the 1969 Vienna Covention on the Law of Treaty especially interpretation based on the ordinary meaning of the BIT provision. This study concludes that the Claimant?s investment does not fulfil the provision of Article 2 (1) of BIT between Indonesia and United Kingdom concerning the admission process that the Tribunal does not have jurisdiction on the case. The Tribunal inbterprets the phrase ?granted admission in accordance with? in the provision of Article 2 (1) of the BIT based on the 1969 Vienna Convension on the Law of Treaty especially Article 31 (1) concerning interpretation based on the ordinary meaning of the BIT provision. The use of this rule of interpretation is also found in other ICSID decisions which interpret similar phrase of BIT as that in the BIT between Indonesia and United Kingdom.;This thesis analyzes the decision of ICSID tribunal in the case between Rafat Ali Rizvi v. Republic of Indonesia based on Bilateral Investment Treaty (?BIT?) between Indonesia and United Kingdom, Agreement between the Government of United Kingdom and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia for the Promotion and Protection of Investments, signed on 27 April 1976 and entered into force on 24 March 1977. The research questions of this thesis are (i) what is the subject matter of the case between Rafat Ali Rizvi v. Republic of Indonesia; (ii) how is the opinion of the Tribunal in examining and adjudicating the case related to the interpretation of BIT provisions in investment disputes. The method used in analyzing the problems is normative legal research method. Research result shows that the subject matter of the case is the admission process of foreign investment. There is admission process that should be followed based on BIT in that process which determines the legality of the investment. This legality requirement is related to ICSID jurisdiction. If these processes are unfulfilled, the ICSID tribunal will not have jurisdiction on the case. Thus, the merit of the case will not be examined. The rule of interpretation used is mainly the provision of Article 31 (1) of the 1969 Vienna Covention on the Law of Treaty especially interpretation based on the ordinary meaning of the BIT provision. This study concludes that the Claimant?s investment does not fulfil the provision of Article 2 (1) of BIT between Indonesia and United Kingdom concerning the admission process that the Tribunal does not have jurisdiction on the case. The Tribunal inbterprets the phrase ?granted admission in accordance with? in the provision of Article 2 (1) of the BIT based on the 1969 Vienna Convension on the Law of Treaty especially Article 31 (1) concerning interpretation based on the ordinary meaning of the BIT provision. The use of this rule of interpretation is also found in other ICSID decisions which interpret similar phrase of BIT as that in the BIT between Indonesia and United Kingdom.;This thesis analyzes the decision of ICSID tribunal in the case between Rafat Ali Rizvi v. Republic of Indonesia based on Bilateral Investment Treaty (?BIT?) between Indonesia and United Kingdom, Agreement between the Government of United Kingdom and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia for the Promotion and Protection of Investments, signed on 27 April 1976 and entered into force on 24 March 1977. The research questions of this thesis are (i) what is the subject matter of the case between Rafat Ali Rizvi v. Republic of Indonesia; (ii) how is the opinion of the Tribunal in examining and adjudicating the case related to the interpretation of BIT provisions in investment disputes. The method used in analyzing the problems is normative legal research method. Research result shows that the subject matter of the case is the admission process of foreign investment. There is admission process that should be followed based on BIT in that process which determines the legality of the investment. This legality requirement is related to ICSID jurisdiction. If these processes are unfulfilled, the ICSID tribunal will not have jurisdiction on the case. Thus, the merit of the case will not be examined. The rule of interpretation used is mainly the provision of Article 31 (1) of the 1969 Vienna Covention on the Law of Treaty especially interpretation based on the ordinary meaning of the BIT provision. This study concludes that the Claimant?s investment does not fulfil the provision of Article 2 (1) of BIT between Indonesia and United Kingdom concerning the admission process that the Tribunal does not have jurisdiction on the case. The Tribunal inbterprets the phrase ?granted admission in accordance with? in the provision of Article 2 (1) of the BIT based on the 1969 Vienna Convension on the Law of Treaty especially Article 31 (1) concerning interpretation based on the ordinary meaning of the BIT provision. The use of this rule of interpretation is also found in other ICSID decisions which interpret similar phrase of BIT as that in the BIT between Indonesia and United Kingdom., This thesis analyzes the decision of ICSID tribunal in the case between Rafat Ali Rizvi v. Republic of Indonesia based on Bilateral Investment Treaty (“BIT”) between Indonesia and United Kingdom, Agreement between the Government of United Kingdom and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia for the Promotion and Protection of Investments, signed on 27 April 1976 and entered into force on 24 March 1977. The research questions of this thesis are (i) what is the subject matter of the case between Rafat Ali Rizvi v. Republic of Indonesia; (ii) how is the opinion of the Tribunal in examining and adjudicating the case related to the interpretation of BIT provisions in investment disputes. The method used in analyzing the problems is normative legal research method. Research result shows that the subject matter of the case is the admission process of foreign investment. There is admission process that should be followed based on BIT in that process which determines the legality of the investment. This legality requirement is related to ICSID jurisdiction. If these processes are unfulfilled, the ICSID tribunal will not have jurisdiction on the case. Thus, the merit of the case will not be examined. The rule of interpretation used is mainly the provision of Article 31 (1) of the 1969 Vienna Covention on the Law of Treaty especially interpretation based on the ordinary meaning of the BIT provision. This study concludes that the Claimant’s investment does not fulfil the provision of Article 2 (1) of BIT between Indonesia and United Kingdom concerning the admission process that the Tribunal does not have jurisdiction on the case. The Tribunal inbterprets the phrase “granted admission in accordance with” in the provision of Article 2 (1) of the BIT based on the 1969 Vienna Convension on the Law of Treaty especially Article 31 (1) concerning interpretation based on the ordinary meaning of the BIT provision. The use of this rule of interpretation is also found in other ICSID decisions which interpret similar phrase of BIT as that in the BIT between Indonesia and United Kingdom.]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Terdapat 2 fakta, yaitu peta jalan infrastruktur satelit Indonesia yang disusun pemerintah tahun 2008 sudah tidak valid dan spektrum frekuensi khususnya untuk dinas satelit termasuk sumber daya alam terbatas sehingga perlu dimaksimalkan penggunaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekurangan kapasitas bandwidth, bit rate pada transponder nasional serta merumuskan usulan alternatif pemenuhan kekurangan transponder nasional.Teknik pengumpulan data bersumber dari data primer dan sekunder melalui survei pos/fax dan pengumpulan data arsip. Proyeksi kebutuhan transponder berdasarkan model peramalan time series 2017-2035 menggunakan modulasi 8PSK dan 1024QAM dengan tools spreadsheet Ms. Excel dimana data dan hasil proyeksi dianalisis secara kuantitatif deskriptif. Pada tahun 2017 satelit nasional Indonesia memiliki 407 transponder dan 323 transponder satelit asing, namun masih kurang 614 transponder dengan 1 TPE = 36 MHz. Pada tahun 2035 satelit nasional Indonesia memiliki 2.516 transponder dan 323 transponder satelit asing, namun masih kurang 365 transponder dengan 1 TPE = 36 MHz. Apabila konektivitas 100 penduduk Indonesia kondisi ideal terjadi pada tahun 2035, maka kekurangan transponder nasional sebesar 57.437 transponder dengan 1 TPE = 36 MHz. Pemenuhan kekurangan transponder dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai usulan alternatif strategi yang ditinjau dari sisi kebijakan lama/baru, filing satelit, bisnis dan pola kerjasama.

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ABSTRACT
There are two facts, namely the Indonesian satellite infrastructure roadmap drawn up by the government in 2008 is no longer valid and the frequency spectrum particularly for satellite services is limited natural resources that need to be maximized in its use. This study obtain to analyze capacity shortages bandwidth and bit rate on national transponders and to formulate alternative proposal for national transponder shortage. Data collection techniques are sourced from primary and secondary data through post fax surveys and archive data collection. Projected transponder needs based on time series 2017 2035 forecasting models using 8PSK and 1024QAM modulation techniques with Excel spreadsheet tools where data and projection results are analyzed quantitatively descriptively. In 2017 Indonesia 39 s national satellite has 407 transponders and 323 foreign satellite transponders, but still lacks 614 transponders with 1 TPE 36 MHz. By 2035 the Indonesian national satellite has 2,516 transponders and 323 foreign satellite transponders, but still less 365 transponders with 1 TPE 36 MHz. If 100 of Indonesia 39 s population connectivity ideal condition occurs in 2035, the national transponder shortage is 57,437 transponders with 1 TPE 36 MHz. Fulfillment of transponder deficiencies can be made through various alternative strategy proposals in terms of old new policy, satellite filing, business and cooperation patterns.

Abstrak :
Sebuah mikrokontroler 8032 dapat memberikan keluaran sesuai dengan variabel masukan yang diberikan. Pada port keluarannya yang masing-masing terdiri dari 8 bit keluaran dibagi menjadi 4 bit pertama (Least Significant Bit) dan 4 bit kedua (Most Significant Bit). Dengan kondisi keluaran yang demikian make sebuah port keluaran pada mikrokontroler 8032 dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan dua motor stepper secara bersamaan. Bila motor stepper mendapat masukan sinyal dari mikrokontroler 8032, maka motor stepper akan bergerak sesuai dengan urutan sinyal yang nu suk. Dengan sinyal masukan yang merupakan representasi koordinat pola cahaya, sebuah motor stepper akan mengarahkan cermin pemantul ke arah sumbu x, sedangkan motor stepper yang satunya mengarahkan vermin pemantul pada arah sumbu y. Untuk memperoleh pola cahaya, arah gerakan motor stepper dapat diatur sesuai dengan koordinat yang terdapat pads pola cahaya yang akan dibentuk. Koordinat yang akan dilalui cahaya ini diterjemahkan dalam bentuk program. Program selanjutnya dapat disimpan pads EPROM dan dapat dieksekusi untuk menghasilkan sinyal penggerak motor stepper melalui mikrokontroler 8032.

Abstrak :
Pada era ­big data saat ini, semua data dan informasi tersimpan dalam bentuk digital. Data dan informasi tersebut sangat rawan untuk dicuri, dirusak, atau dimanipulasi. Untuk itu, usaha pengamanan data dan informasi digital merupakan hal yang sangat penting dan mendesak. Lebih khusus lagi jika data dan informasinya bersifat rahasia atau terbatas. Terdapat dua jenis metode pengamanan data, yaitu kriptografi dan steganografi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamankan citra digital grayscale ke dalam citra digital warna dengan melakukan teknik enkripsi berbasis chaos dan dilanjutkan dengan melakukan teknik penyisipan LSB. Dalam penelitian ini, fungsi chaos yang digunakan untuk membangkitkan keystream adalah MS map dan teknik penyisipan LSB yang digunakan adalah teknik penyisipan LSB-1, LSB-2, atau LSB-4. Barisan keystream yang dihasilkan oleh MS map terbukti acak dengan melakukan uji keacakan barisan kunci yang dikeluarkan oleh NIST. Sensitivitas kunci dari MS map mencapai 10-17. Ukuran ruang kunci sebesar 6,48 × 10643. Nilai PSNR antara citra awal dan citra terdekripsi adalah tak hingga, artinya teknik enkripsi yang digunakan merupakan teknik enkripsi dengan skema lossless. Nilai PSNR antara cover image dan stego image lebih besar atau sama dengan 40, artinya kualitas stego image yang dihasilkan cukup baik, yakni relatif sama dengan cover image jika dilihat oleh sistem penglihatan manusia.

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In this era of big data, all data and information are stored in digital form. The data and information are very vulnerable to being stolen, damaged, or manipulated. For this reason, efforts to secure digital data and information are very important and necessary. More specifically if the data and information are confidential or limited. There are two types of data security methods, namely cryptography and steganography. This study investigated to secure grayscale digital images into color digital images by performing chaos-based encryption techniques and followed by doing LSB insertion techniques. In this study, chaos function employed to generate keystream was MS map, and LSB insertion techniques employed were LSB-1, LSB-2, or LSB-4. The sequence of keystream generated by MS map has been proven to be random through testing the randomness of key sequences issued produced by NIST. The key sensitivity of the MS map reached 10^{-17. The size of the keyspace was 6,48 × 10643. The PSNR value between the original image and decrypted image was infinite, meaning that the encryption technique employed was an encryption technique with a lossless scheme. The PSNR value between the cover image and the stego image was more than or equals to 40, showed that the quality of the stego image produced was quite good, which was relatively the same as the cover image when viewed by the human visual system.}

Abstrak :
Passive Optical Network atau biasa disingkat PON merupakan salah satu teknologi dalam penerapan fiber optik yang banyak dipakai saat ini. Saat ini terdiri beberapa jenis PON yang tersedia dan ada beberapa yang masih dalam tahap pengembangan, salah satunya yakni XG-PON. XG-PON merupakan salah satu jenis PON hasil pengembangan dari G-PON, yang merupakan teknologi fiber optik yang kita pakai saat ini. Pada penelitian ini membahas mengenai teknologi atau konfigurasi XG-PON untuk FTTH dan perbandingannya dengan G-PON. Penelitian ini menggunakan perangkat lunak Optisystem untuk menguji konfigurasi dari G-PON dan XG-PON sekaligus mengetahui performa XG-PON melalui nilai Q Factor dan BER dari hasil simulasi XG-PON yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini memperhitungkan konfigurasi XG-PON Downstream dan Upstream dengan menggunakan rasio splitter 1:32 dan 1:64. Dari simulasi yang telah dilakukan, didapat hasil untuk FTTH XG-PON 1:32 Downstream efektif pada jarak 40-41 km, FTTH XG-PON 1:64 Downstream efektif pada jarak 23 – 24 km, FTTH XG-PON 1:32 Upstream pada jarak 38 – 39 km, dan FTTH XG-PON 1:64 Upstream pada jarak 23-24 km. Dari hasil yang di dapat, ditemukan bahwa Q Factor terhadap penambahan jarak untuk XG-PON berbanding terbalik, sedangkan BER berbanding lurus terhadap penambahan jarak. ......Passive Optical Network or commonly abbreviated as PON is one of the technologies in the application of optical fiber that is widely used today. Currently, there are several types of PON available and some are still in the development stage, one of which is XG-PON. XG-PON is a type of PON developed from G-PON, which is the optical fiber technology that we use today. This study discusses the technology or configuration of XG-PON for FTTH and its comparison with G-PON. This study uses Optisystem software to test the configuration of G-PON and XG-PON as well as to determine the performance of XG-PON through the Q Factor and BER values ​​from the XG-PON simulation results. This study takes into account the XG-PON Downstream and Upstream configurations using a 1:32 and 1:64 splitter ratio. From the simulations that have been carried out, the results obtained for FTTH XG-PON 1:32 Downstream effective at a distance of 40-41 km, FTTH XG-PON 1:64 Downstream effective at a distance of 23 – 24 km, FTTH XG-PON 1:32 Upstream at distance of 38 – 39 km, and FTTH XG-PON 1:64 Upstream at a distance of 23-24 km. From the results obtained, it is found that the Q Factor for the addition of distance for XG-PON is inversely proportional, while BER is directly proportional to the addition of distance

Abstrak :
Untuk menyelesaikan masalah keamanan pengiriman data maka cara yang paling sederhana ditempuh dengan cara melakukan enkripsi. Enkripsi dilakukan ketika data akan dikirim. Proses int akan . mengubah suatu data asal menjadi data rahasia yang tidak dapat dibaca. Sementara itu, proses dekripsi dilakukan oleh penerima data yang dikirim tersebut. Tetapi hal tersebut tidak lagi menjadi satu jaminan keamanan data. Cara lain yang biasa ditempuh selain enkripsi adalah melakukan penyamaran informasi (steganografi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menggabungkan dua upaya pengamanan data tersebut. Pengiriman informasi yang telah di enkripsi dengan menggunakan algoritma Rijndael Advanced Encription Standard (A ES) akan disamarkan melalui media .file audio dengan metode Least Significant Bit (LSB), Dengan kombinasi dua metode ini dapat mengenkripsikan data dan menyisipkannya ke dalam file . wav. Presentase keberhasilan dalam menyisipkan dan mengambil kemhali data yang disisipkan mencapai sempurna 100% dan dapat menyisipkan data dengan perbandingan bcsar maksimal 1:8 darifile. wav yang menjadi carrier.

Abstrak :
bilangan prima dalam perkembangan ilmu komputer dan teori bilangan sangat perlu untuk menghasilkan suatu tingkat efektifitas dan efisiensi penggunaan perangkat keras. tools yang yang dapat digunakan untuk membangkitkan pola-pola urutan bilangan prima yang teratur. struktur bit-array merupakan metoda pengelompokan variabel-variabel yang berisi kumpulan data dengan tiap elemen data yang bertipe sama serta dapat digunakan dalam penyimpanan urutan dalam bilangan yang dihasilkan.