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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Anak-anak yang menderita stunting memiliki berbagai kekurangan jika dibandingkan anak-anak sebayanya yang memiliki HAZ normal, baik dari segi pertumbuhan fisik, emosional, maupun dalam sistem imun. Salah satu komponen sistem imun yang ada dalam tubuh adalah sitokin proinflamasi interleukin-18 yang berperan sebagai faktor kemotaksis sel T, basofil, serta neutrofil, penginduksi interleukin lainnya, serta menginduksi sel Th1 dan IFN- I³. Tujuan: Menganalisis ekspresi gen IL-18 pada anak stunting jika dibandingkan dengan anak dengan HAZ normal, menganalisis korelasi antara status stunting, ekspresi IL-18, status infeksi cacing, serta status OHI-S. Metode: Sampel diambil dari bahan biologis tersimpan berupa RNA cairan sulkus gingiva anak 6-8 tahun di Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) (n=8). Kemudian dilakukan ekstraksi RNA, sintesis cDNA, pre amplifikasi, dan kemudian dilakukan real-time PCR. Hasil: Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada ekspresi gen IL-18 anak stunting dibanding anak dengan HAZ normal (p ≥ 0,05) dan tidak pula ditemukan korelasi baik antara status stunting dan status infeksi cacing, ekspresi IL-18 dan status infeksi cacing, status stunting dan OHI-S, maupun ekspresi gen IL-18 dan status OHI-S (p ≥ 0,05). Kesimpulan: Meskipun ditemukan adanya downregulation pada ekspresi gen IL-18 anak stunting jika dibandingkan anak normal, perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna secara statistik Tidak ditemukan korelasi pada ekspresi gen IL-18, status infeksi cacing, serta status OHI-S. ......Background: Stunted children have many handicaps compared to their normal age counterparts who have normal HAZ, either in physical growth, emotional growth, or in their immune system. Interleukin-18 is a part of the immune system, a proinflammatory cytokine that acts as a chemotaxis factor for T-cell, basophil, neutrophil, and inducts IFN- γ, Th1, and other cytokines. Purpose: To analyze IL-18 expression in stunted children compared to their normal age counterpart, to analyze the correlation between stunting status, IL-18 expression, helminths infection status, and OHI-S. Methods: Samples were stored biological material, taken from 6 to 7 years old’s gingival crevicular fluid from NTT (n=8). RNA was extracted from samples, then synthesized to cDNA, preamplified, and analyzed in RT-PCR.  Results: The difference in IL-18 expression in stunted children compared to children with normal HAZ was not statistically significant.  There were no correlation between stunting status and helminths infection status, IL-18 expression and helminths infection status, stunting status, and OHI-S, nor IL-18 expression and OHI-S. Conclusion: Even though a downregulation in IL-18 expression in stunted children compared to children with normal HAZ was found, the difference was not statistically significant. There was also no correlation between IL-18 expression, helminths infection status, and OHI-S status. 

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Tingginya angka prevalensi stunting merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan terkait tumbuh kembang anak di Indonesia. Selain menggambarkan kondisi malnutrisi yang terjadi, stunting juga dapat dikaitkan dengan respon imun innate terhadap status kadar konsentrasi Hb dan indeks OHI-S. Untuk menganalisis perbedaan respon imun innate terkait status HAZ normal dan stunting serta kaitannya terhadap status kadar konsentrasi Hb dan indeks OHI-S, beberapa penelitian menggunakan kadar ekspresi relatif IL-1β dan IL-6 pada cairan sulkus gingiva. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar ekspresi relative IL- 1β dan IL-6 pada cairan sulkus gingiva dengan status HAZ normal dan stunting serta status kadar konsentrasi Hb dan indeks OHI-S. Metode: Sampel diambil dari sediaan biologis tersimpan penelitian tahun 2019 dari anak usia 6-8 tahun lalu dikelompokan berdasarkan status HAZ normal dan stunting. Sampel RNA dari cairan sulkus gingiva dilakukan sintesis cDNA kemudian kadar ekspresi relatif IL-1β dan IL-6 diuji menggunakan RT-qPCR. Hasil yang diperoleh kemudian diolah menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara kadar ekspresi relative IL-1β dan IL-6 atau status kadar konsentrasi Hb dan indeks OHI-S dengan status HAZ stunting anak (p>0.05). Korelasi antara variabel adalah sebagai berikut: korelasi positif sangat lemah antara indeks OHI-S pada kelompok sampel dengan status HAZ severely stunting, stunting, dan normal (r = 0,089). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini kadar ekspresi relatif IL-1β dan IL-6 pada cairan sulkus gingiva tidak dapat digunakan sebagai indikator biologis untuk menentukan status HAZ anak usia 6-8 tahun. Sedangkan, status kadar konsentrasi Hb dan indeks OHI-S tidak dapat digunakan untuk menentukan status HAZ anak usia 6-8 tahun. ......Background: The high prevalence of stunting is one of the health problems related to child development in Indonesia. In addition to describing the condition of malnutrition that occurs, stunting can also be associated with the innate immune response to the status of Hb concentration levels and OHI-S index. To analyze the differences in innate immune responses related to normal and stunting HAZ status as well as correlations with status of Hb concentration levels and OHI-S index, several studies used the relative expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in gingival crevicular fluid. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the relative expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in gingival crevicular fluid with normal and stunting HAZ status as well as the status of Hb concentration levels and OHI-S index. Method: Samples were taken from biological stored research in 2019 from children aged 6-8 years and then grouped based on normal and stunting HAZ status. RNA samples from gingival crevicular fluid were synthesized by cDNA and then the relative expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were tested using RT-qPCR. Data were statistically analysed using SPSS. Result: In this study, it was found that there was no significant relationship between the relative expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 or status of Hb concentration levels and OHI-S index with stunting HAZ status of children (p>0.05). The correlations between variables are as follows: very weak positive correlation between the OHI-S index in the sample group with severe stunting, stunting, and normal HAZ status (r = 0.089). Conclusion: In this study, the relative expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the gingival crevicular fluid cannot be used as a biological indicator to determine the HAZ status of children aged 6-8 years. Meanwhile, the status of Hb concentration levels and OHI-S index cannot be used to determine the HAZ status of children aged 6-8 years.