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"ABSTRAK Because of serving elderly clients with cognitive impairment, families have limited on their opportunities, financial problems, and exceptional special care demands. Caregiving is strongly associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety, excessive guilt, anger, and frustation. Particularly caregivers have reported a higher level of depression, and loneliness. Also, one of the major purposes for this research study was to test relationship among three variables: social support, depression, and lonelines. The findings indicate that increased social support is associated with a low level of depression and loneliness. In other words, precieved social support was one of the important resource for reducing caregiver's depression and loneliness. A series of multiple regression was used to test three variables. Reesearch results suggest that low levels of perceived social support are associated with higher levels of loneliness, which in turn is associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. These findings, therefore, underscore the importance of accounting for loneliness when looking at the relation between social support and depression. Intervention should focus on reducing loneliness in order to manage depression in caregivers. Authors present implications of social work practices for working with caregivers. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana peran, ekspektasi, tantangan, serta dampak yang dirasakan oleh anak pertama perempuan selama menjalani dual caregiving responsibility di dalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan sumber data utama dengan wawancara mendalam dan data primer dengan studi literatur. Studi ini menggunakan konsep dual caregiving responsibility oleh DeRigne dan Ferrante yang menjelaskan peran pengasuhan dalam generasi sandwich. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa peran pengasuhan untuk dua generasi tidak hanya ditemukan pada generasi sandwich, melainkan anak pertama perempuan yang perlu mengasuh orangtua dan adiknya. Temuan studi ini mencakup penjelasan ekspektasi, peran, tantangan, dan dampak dalam dual caregiving responsibility. Ekspektasi didasarkan oleh adanya harapan keluargan dan kondisi keluarga yang membuat anak pertama perempuan memaknai pengasuhan sebagai tanggung jawab, bentuk kasih sayang, ataupun bentuk balas budi kepada keluarga mereka. Studi ini menemukan ketujuh kasus menjalani keempat aspek pengasuhan dengan satu aspek yang dominan sesuai dengan kondisi keluarga. Anak pertama perempuan menemukan tantangan dalam menyeimbangkan peran pengasuhan dan kehidupan sosialnya yang dapat berdampak pada perasaan stres, demotivasi, dan lelah karena pengasuhan yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini turut melihat bahwa anak pertama perempuan memiliki cara untuk mengatasi dampak tersebut, yaitu dengan menceritakan keluh kesahnya di media sosial.

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This study aims to see how the roles, expectations, challenges, and impacts felt by the first-born daughter during dual caregiving responsibility in family. This study used a qualitative approach by in-depth interviews and literature. The study used the concept of dual caregiving responsibility by DeRigne and Ferrante to explain the role of caregiving in the sandwich generation. This study argues that dual caregiving responsibility is not only found in the sandwich generation, but the first-born daughter who needs to take care of her parents and younger siblings. The study's findings include an explanation of expectations, roles, challenges, and impacts in dual caregiving responsibility. Expectations are based on family expectations and family conditions that make first-born daughter describe caregiving role as a responsibility, a form of affection, or a form of reciprocation to their family. This study found that the seven cases underwent all four aspects of caregiving with one dominant aspect according to family conditions. First-born daughter find it challenging to balance their caregiving roles and social life which can result in feelings of stress, demotivation, and exhaustion from caring for their family. This research also finds that a first-born daughter has a way to overcome this impact by sharing her complaints on social media."

"This volume consists of eight chapters, selected from papers presented at the Symposium on Human Capital and Health Behavior, organized by the Centre for Health Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, May 19-20, 2016."

"Prosedur fontan merupakan tahap akhir bedah paliatif untuk cacat jantung bawaan pada anak-anak dengan ventrikel tunggal. Meskipun prosedur fontan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan harapan hidup pasien, namun proses ini masih menimbulkan masalah klinis yang kompleks. Oleh karena itu, peran dan fungsi caregiver utama sangat dibutuhkan sepanjang kehidupan populasi ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menggali makna yang dalam terhadap pengalaman pengasuh selama merawat anak pasca operasi fontan di rumah. Desain kualitatif fenomenologi deskriptif digunakan untuk melihat makna dari pengalaman 10 orang partisipan yang direkrut menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan proses perekaman yang dilanjutkan dengan membuat verbatim. Verbatim diolah menggunakan protokol Moustakas hingga dihasilkan tiga tema yaitu: (1) caregiver utama, (2) proses perjalanan menuju resiliensi, dan (3) masih membatasi aktivitas anak. Pengalaman menjadi caregiver utama selama merawat anak pasca operasi fontan dilalui penuh dengan perjuangan. Kebutuhan akan dukungan dari berbagai pihak baik internal maupun eksternal menjadi hal terpenting dalam pencapaian kesejahteraan pemberian pengasuhan. Hasil penelitian ini direkomendasikan menjadi panduan dalam pelaksanaan discharge planning dan perawatan paliatif pada kasus fontan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan caregiver dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas asuhan keperawatan

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Fontan procedures are the final stage of palliative surgery for congenital heart defects in children with single ventricles. Even though fontaning procedures are performed to increase the patient's life expectancy, this procedure still creates complex clinical problems. Therefore, the role and function of the main caregiver is needed throughout the life of this population. This research was conducted to explore the deep meaning of caregivers' experiences while caring for children after fontanel surgery at home. A descriptive phenomenological qualitative design was used to see the meaning of the experiences of 10 participants who were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques were carried out by in-depth interviews and the recording process followed by making verbatim. Verbatim was processed using the Moustakas protocol to produce three themes, namely: (1) the main caregiver, (2) the journey towards resilience, and (3) still limiting children's activities. The experience of being the main caregiver while caring for children after fontan surgery was full of struggles. The need for support from various parties, both internal and external, is the most important thing in achieving welfare in providing care. The results of this study are recommended to be used as a guide in the implementation of discharge planning and palliative care in fontanel cases to increase caregiver knowledge and skills in an effort to improve the quality of nursing care."

"Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara dukungan sosial, spiritualitas, dan stress terhadap beban keluarga dan kenyamanan pasien kanker. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan teknik purposive sampling, melibatkan 106 keluarga dan 106 pasien kanker. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima instrumen yaitu: Multimodal Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-sp), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Caregiver Reaction Assessment Scale (CRA), dan kuesioner kenyamanan pasien kanker. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial dengan beban keluarga (p value 0.030), spiritualitas dengan beban keluarga (p value 0,000), dan stress dengan beban keluarga (p value 0.024). Stadium kanker tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kenyamanan pasien kanker (p value 0.080). Kesimpulan: Dukungan sosial, spiritualitas, dan stress berpengaruh terhadap beban keluarga. Diperlukan intervensi terkait dukungan sosial, spiritualitas, dan menagamen stress untuk menurunkan beban keluarga pasien kanker. 

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To determine the relationship between social support, spirituality, and stress towards the family caregivers burden and patients comfort. Method: Cross sectional was used. Purposive sampling technique involving 106 family caregivers and 106 cancer patients. This study utilized five instruments: Multimodal Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-sp), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Caregiver Reaction Assessment Scale (CRA), and instrument for cancer patients comfort. Result: There was a significant relationship between social support and family caregiving burden (p value 0.030), spirituality and family caregiving burden (p value 0,000), stress and family caregiving burden (p value 0.024). There was no significant relationship  between cancer stage and patients comfort (p value 0.080). Conclusion: Social support, spirituality, and stress affect the family caregiving burden. It need intervention in social support, spirituality, and stress management to decrease the family caregiving burden."

"Pasien stroke yang menjalani rehabilitasi membutuhkan family caregiver untuk mengurusnya. Berbagai perubahan yang terjadi dan banyaknya tanggung jawab dalam merawat pasien stroke dapat mengakibatkan beban pada family caregiver. Di tengah kesulitan ini, mereka dapat menemukan kekuatannya dengan penghayatan dalam merawat (positive aspects of caregiving), yaitu dengan mempersepsikan pengalaman merawat sebagai hal yang rewarding. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji peranan penghayatan caregiver dalam merawat pasien stroke terhadap beban family caregiver. Penelitian ini melibatkan 58 orang family caregiver pasien stroke (perempuan = 48) dengan usia 18-68 tahun (M = 29,15, SD = 13,03). Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale (PACS) untuk mengukur penghayatan dalam merawat dan Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22) untuk mengukur beban caregiver. Hasil analisis statistik regresi linear sederhana menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peran negatif yang signifikan dari penghayatan caregiver dalam merawat pasien stroke terhadap beban family caregiver dengan F = 6,262, p = 0,015, R2 = 0,101. Semakin tinggi penghayatan yang dimiliki caregiver dalam merawat pasien stroke, maka semakin besar peranannya terhadap rendahnya tingkat beban pada family caregiver. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi peneliti lain untuk mendalami peranan penghayatan caregiver dalam merawat pasien stroke dalam menghadapi beban family caregiver.

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Stroke patients during their rehabilitation process needed family caregivers to take care of them. The various changes that occurred and the responsibilities in caring for stroke patients may lead to family caregivers’ burden. Amidst these difficulties, they might have found strength through positive aspects of caregiving by perceiving the experience of caring for family as a rewarding activity. This study aimed to examine the role of positive aspects of caregiving for stroke patients on family caregivers’ burden. This research involved 58 family caregivers of stroke patients (female = 48) aged 18-68 years (M = 29,15, SD = 13,03). The research instruments used were the Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale (PACS) to measure positive aspects of caregiving and the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22) to measure caregiver burden. The results of a simple linear regression analysis indicated a significant negative role of positive aspects of caregiving for stroke patients on family caregiver’s burden (F = 6,262, p = 0,015, R2 = 0,101). The greater positive aspects of caregiving for stroke patients that one possesses, the greater its role in reducing the level of family caregivers’ burden. The findings of this study were anticipated to serve as a guidance for other researchers in exploring the role of positive aspects of caregiving for stroke patients in facing family caregivers’ burden."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai perubahan caregiving terhadap lansia dalam menghadapi peningkatan populasi lansia di Jepang. Teori yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah teori mengenai pergeseran pelaku yang melakukan perawatan non medikal kepada lansia dari family/Informal caregiving ke formal caregiving yang dikemukakan oleh Brenda R. Jenike pada Jurnalnya. Skripsi ini merupakan penilitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa terjadinya perubahan caregiving terhadap lansia di Jepang yang sebelumnya hanya dilakukan oleh keluarga sudah berkembang menjadi sangat beragam baik dari sisi pelayanan dan sisi teknik perawatan.

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The focus of this study is the changes in caregiving for elderly to face the increased number of elder population in Japan. This paper is compiled using Jenike’s journal regarding the shift of characters who perform non-medical care for the elderly from family/informal caregiving to formal caregiving. This paper is a qualitative research. This research proves that caregiving previously performed by only the family member has been developed into various types, both in term of services and treatment techniques."