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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Nitrogen merupakan salah satu makronutrien penting bagi kapang, baik untuk pertumbuhan, maupun untuk memelihara kemampuan sel dalam membentuk enzim. Penelitian mi bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh sumber nitrogen yang diberikan dalam bentuk amonium sulfat, tepung kedele, dan urea, terhadap aktivitas glukoamilase Rhizopus arrhizus UCC 2 dan Rhizopus oryzae UCC 128. Pengujian aktivitas glukoamilase dilakukan dengan metoda Nishise et al. modifikasi. Satu unit aktivitas glukoamilase setara dengan satu umol glukosa yang di lepaskan per menit. Pengukuran kadar glukosa dilakukan dengan metoda Somogyi-Nelson. Uji statistik menunjukkan adanya pengaruh sumber nitrogen yang berbeda terhadap aktivitas glukoamilase R. arrhizus UCC 2 dan R. oryzae UCC 128. Medium dengan sumber nitrogen urea, memberikan hasil rata-rata aktivitas glukoamilase R. arrhizus UCC 2 dan R. oryzae UCC 128 tertinggi. Nilai tersebut berbeda nyata dengan rata-rata aktivitas glukoamilase pada medium dengan sumber nitrogen tepung kedele maupun amonium sulfat.

Abstrak :
Formaldehyde adalah zat kimia yang berbentuk gas atau cair. Di dalam perdagangan berbentuk larutan dikenal dengan nama Formalin yang bersifat sangat volatile. Disamping itu Formaldehyde sangat iritatif dan dikategorikan sebagai bahan kimia kategori A2 ( carcinogen) yaitu tergolong bahan yang dapat menyebabkan kanker Sehingga dengan demikian akan merugikan para pekerja dan dapat menyebabkan timbulnya masalah ketenaga kerjaan. Untuk itu kandungan Formaldehyde di udara lingkungan kerja diatur sesuai dengan Surat Edaran Menteri Tenaga Kerja Transkop No.SE. 02 / MEN / 1978, bahwa Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB) untuk Formaldehyde adalah tidak boleh melampaui 2 ppm. Disain penelitian yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif yang menggambarkan konsentrasi Formaldehyde pada industri sweater yang memakai bahan baku benang cotton 100% dan pada industri sweater yang memakai bahan baku benang bukan cotton ( acrylic 100% ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan konsentrasi Formaldehyde pada dua industri sweater yang memakai benang cotton dengan industri sweater yang memakai benang bukan cotton . Sistem ventilasi pada industri tersebut adalah sistem natural ventilation dan tidak menggunakan exhaust fan . Sehingga konsentrasi rata-ratanya meskipun masih dibawah NAB akan tetapi konsentrasi tersebut telah melebihi baik TLV untuk TWA maupun Ceiling. Dengan didukung oleh hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan baik diluar maupun dari dalam negeri, bahwa pada konsentrasi dibawah NAB telah dapat menyebabkan gangguan terhadap kesehatan, maka disarankan untuk meninjau kembali NAB yang telah ditetapkan.

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The Formaldehyde is a chemicals which has the form of gas or liquid . It is certificate available in commercial in the form of a solution known as Formalin which is very volatile. Besides , the Formaldehyde is very irritative and categorized as A2 chemicals ( carcinogen ) that is classified as material which may cause cancer. Thus, it will be harmfull for workers and may cause labor problems. Therefore , the Formaldehyde content in the environment of the work are should be regulated with the Circular Letter of the Minister of Labor and Cooperatives No. SE.02/MEN/1978 , that the Threshold Value ( NAB) of the Formaldehyde may not exceeds 2 ppm. The research design is a descriptive one which describe the Formaldehyde concentration in the sweater industry which uses the raw material of 100 % cotton thread and in the sweater industry which uses the ram material of non cotton ( 100% acrylic ). The results of the research indicates the difference of Formaldehyde concentration on both industries which used the cotton thread and the sweater industry which use the non cotton thread. The ventilation system in the industry is a natural ventilation and exhaust fan is not used. As a results, the average concentration, however, it is still below the Threshold Value ( NAB), however, the concentration have exceeded the TLV for TWA and Ceiling. I suggest to review again the fixed NAB, with the support of the research results which have been done domestically and abroad, that at the concentration is below the NAB has already cause a health disturbance.

Abstrak :
[This book summarizes the role and the possibilities of catalysis in the production of new energy carriers and in the utilization of different energy sources. The main goal of this work is to go beyond those results discussed in recent literature by identifying new developments that may lead to breakthroughs in the production of alternative energy. The book discusses the use of biomass or biomass derived materials as energy sources, hydrogen formation in methanol and ethanol reforming, biodiesel production, and the utilization of biogases. Separate sections also deal with fuel cells, photocatalysis, and solar cells, which are all promising processes for energy production that depend heavily on catalysts., This book summarizes the role and the possibilities of catalysis in the production of new energy carriers and in the utilization of different energy sources. The main goal of this work is to go beyond those results discussed in recent literature by identifying new developments that may lead to breakthroughs in the production of alternative energy. The book discusses the use of biomass or biomass derived materials as energy sources, hydrogen formation in methanol and ethanol reforming, biodiesel production, and the utilization of biogases. Separate sections also deal with fuel cells, photocatalysis, and solar cells, which are all promising processes for energy production that depend heavily on catalysts.]

Abstrak :
Penelitian hubungan parameter sensori dengan parameter kimiawi dan mikrobiologi pada penurunan kesegaran ikan nila selama pengesan telah dilakukan. Ikan nila hidup dimatikan secara hypothermia, kemudian disusun dalam kotak berinsulasi yang berisi es dengan perbandingan es : ikan = 2:1 (bIb). Ikan dalam kotak yang berisi es tersebut disimpan pada suhu ruang dan setiap hari dilakukan penggantian es yang mencair. Pengamatan terhadap penurunan kesegaran ikan dilakukan setiap 3 hari secara sensori (Demerit Point Scores/DPS), kimiawi (Total Volatile Base/TVB, K value), dan mikrobiologi (Angka Lempeng Total/ALT) sampai ikan dinyatakan ditolak oleh panelis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampai dengan penyimpanan 15 hari dalam es, ikan nila segar masih diterima panel is, namun setelah 18 hari penyimpanan, sudah tidak layak untuk dikonsumsi. Pada penyimpanan 18 hari DPS mencapai 25,9, nilai TVB mencapai 48 mgN%, K value mencapai 76,4%, dan nilai ALT 5,0 x 10 pangkat 5 cfu. Hasil pengamatan terhadap korelasi parameter uji menunjukkan bahwa DPS berkorelasi positif dengan nilai TVB maupun K value tetapi tidak berkorelasi positif dengan nilai jumlah bakteri total.

Abstrak :
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are toxic chemicals that adversely affect human health and the environment around the world. Because they can be transported by wind and water, most POPs generated in one country can affect people and wildlife far from where they are used and released. They persist for long periods of time in the environment and can accumulate and pass from one species to the next through the food chain. To address this global concem, many countries in the world joined forces with 90 other countries and the European Community to sign a groundbreaking United Nations treaty in Stockholm, Sweden, in May 2001, known as the Stockholm Convention. One of important agreement is all countries agreed to rduce or eliminate the production, use, and/or release of 12 key POPs. The convention specifies a scientific review process that could lead to the addition of other POPs chemicals of global concem. POPs include a range of substances thet include intentionally produced chemicals currently or once used in agriculture, disease control, manufacturing, or industrial processes. Also it can be produced by unintentionaly produced chimicals, such as dioxins, that result from some industrial processes and from combustion (for example, municipal and medical waste incineration and backyard buming of trash).