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"Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba actinomycetes termofil hasil isolasi dari geiser di Cisolok, Jawa Barat. Delapan belas isolat yang memiliki morfologi menyerupai actinomycetes berhasil diisolasi dari serasah daun dan ranting di sekitar pusat semburan geiser. Seluruh isolat diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya menggunakan paper disk method dan agar block method dengan Kocuria rhizophila, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis sebagai bakteri uji Gram positif, dan Escherichia coli sebagai bakteri uji Gram negatif. Pengujian menggunakan metode paper disk menunjukkan hasil negatif pada isolat actinomycetes yang dikultur pada medium International Streptomyces Project (ISP) 1 cair selama 14 hari pada suhu 50oC dan 40oC. Berdasarkan uji menggunakan metode blok agar, didapatkan bahwa dua isolat, yaitu LC2-2 dan LC2-6 memberikan hasil positif terhadap bakteri uji Gram positif. Isolat LC2-2 menunjukkan morfologi makroskopis dan mikroskopis menyerupai genus Bacillus sehingga tidak digunakan untuk identifikasi molekuler. Hasil identifikasi molekuler sequence parsial gen 16S rRNA menggunakan primer 785F dan primer 802R menunjukkan bahwa LC2-6 diidentifikasi sebagai Actinomadura keratinilyitica dengan nilai homologi 99%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, direkomendasikan untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut senyawa antimikroba yang dihasilkan isolat LC2-6. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh belum adanya laporan penelitian mengenai aktivitas antimikroba Actinomadura keratinilytica.

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The aim of this study was to screen the antimicrobial activity by actinomycetes isolated from Cisolok Geyser, West Java. Eighteen isolates which are have similar morphology with actinomycetes have been isolated from leaves and branches around the geyser. The isolates were screened for their antimicrobial activity using paper disk method and agar block method with Kocuria rhizophila, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis as Gram positive test bacteria and Escherichia coli as Gram negative test bacteria. Screening by paper disk method showed negative result from all the isolates that cultured on International Streptomyces Project (ISP) 1 medium at 50oC and 40oC for 14 days. Screening by block agar method showed that two isolates, LC2-2 and LC2-6 gave positive result to Gram positive test bacteria. Morphologically, LC2-2 showed similarity to genus Bacillus, thus it’s not used for molecular identification. Molecular identification based on partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene with primer 785F and primer 802R showed that LC2-6 identified as Actinomadura keratinilytica (99%). Based on this research, it is suggested to do further study about the antimicrobial activity produced by LC2-6, because there is still no report about antimicrobial activity produced by Actinomadura keratinilytica."

"Penelitian ini berfokus pada keanekaragaman taksonomi Class Ktedonobacteria, kemampuannya sebagai penghasil enzim, deskripsi takson baru, dan analisis whole genome. Tujuh belas isolat diperoleh dari sampel tanah di hutan dekat geyser, kawasan geotermal Cisolok, Jawa Barat. Sequence gen 16S rRNA dari semua isolat dibandingkan dengan spesies terdekat pada database EzBioCloud. Seluruh isolat memiliki nilai homologi yang rendah terhadap Dictyobacter aurantiacus S-27T (97,82-98,18%). Penapisan kemampuan enzimatik menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar isolat (88,23%) menghasilkan amilase dan selulase. Komposisi bakteri dari enam sampel dianalisis dengan metode metabarcoding gen 16S rRNA pada daerah V1-V3 menggunakan Illumina Mi-Seq Next Generation Sequencing. Ktedonobacteria merupakan kelas yang paling mendominasi dalam Phylum Chloroflexota (17,74-89,49%) pada lima sampel; Namun, kelas tersebut tidak terdeteksi pada satu sampel (tanah di bawah batu besar). Empat puluh tujuh amplikon gen 16S rRNA dari taksa terdekat Ktedonobacteria berhasil diperoleh dari enam sampel yang mewakili garis keturunan baru pada tingkat takson yang tinggi. Strain S3.2.2.5 diisolasi dari tanah di dalam serasah batang bambu. Karakter fenotipik, genotipik, dan filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa strain tersebut mewakili spesies berbeda dari Genus Dictyobacter; sehingga diusulkan spesies baru Dictyobacter halimunensis sp. nov.

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This study focuses on the taxonomic diversity of the class Ktedonobacteria, their ability as enzyme producers, description of novel taxon, and whole genome analysis. Seventeen isolates were obtained from soil samples in the forest near geyser, Cisolok geothermal area, West Java. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of all isolates was compared with all related species in the EzBioCloud database. All isolates had low similarity values to Dictyobacter aurantiacus S-27T (97.82-98.18%). Primary screening of enzymatic abilities showed that most isolates (88.23%) were amylase- and cellulase-producing Ktedonobacteria. Bacterial composition analyses from six samples were performed based on the V1-V3 of 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding using Illumina Mi-Seq Next Generation Sequencing. Ktedonobacteria was the most dominating class within the phylum Chloroflexota (17.74-89.49%) in five samples; however, it was not detected in one sample (the soil under a big rock). Forty-seven 16S rRNA gene amplicons of Ktedonobacteria-related taxa were generated from six samples and represented the putative new lineages in high taxonomic rank. A strain S3.2.2.5 was isolated from soil inside a decayed bamboo stem. The phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic data suggest this strain represents a distinct species of the Dictyobacter genera; hence, a new species, Dictyobacter halimunensis sp. nov. is proposed."

"The aims of this study are to provide data regarding the taxonomic study of thermophilic Actinobacteria based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, description, and assessment for secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in the genome of novel taxa, and its antibacterial activity. Thirty-one isolates of thermophilic Actinobacteria were isolated from soil samples in Cisolok geothermal area, West Java. The 16S rRNA gene sequence-similarity search against all related species was performed using EzTaxon-e database. The sequences of 31 isolates showed similarity to member of family Micromonosporaceae, Nocardiaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Streptomycetaceae, Streptosporangiaceae, and Thermomonosporaceae. Six isolates displayed high similarity to genera in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, and most closely related to the genus Thermotunica, T. guangxiensis AG2-7T with similarity values from 94.6 to 95.2%. Phenotypic features and phylogenetic data differentiated strain SL3-2-4T from members of the family Pseudonocardiaceae. Therefore, the strain SL3-2-4T is proposed as a representative of a novel species in a novel genus, Gandjariella thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov. The genome of SL3-2-4T contained 21 antiSMASH-identified secondary metabolite regions harboring BGCs. These BGCs were for polyketide synthase, non-ribosomal peptide synthase, and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide family clusters. Thirteen and five regions displayed low (4–35%) and no similarity with known BGCs for secondary metabolites, respectively. Screening for antibacterial activity showed that strains SL3-2-4T and SL3-2-7 on MM 2 medium solidified with gellan gum at 45°C for 14 days demonstrated inhibitory activity against all Gram-positive, but not Gram-negative bacteria. Strain SL3-2-10 on ISP 3 gellan gum medium incubated for seven-days only active against K. rhizophila NBRC 12078. The results indicated that novel taxa have the potential for the discovery of active secondary metabolites."

"Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui aktivitas amilolitik 17 isolat 'Actinobacteria' termofilik pada suhu tinggi, dan memperoleh informasi spesies, dan posisi filogenetik isolat potensial berdasarkan data sekuens gen 16S rRNA, analisis filogenetik, karakterisasi morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia. Kemampuan tumbuh 17 isolat 'Actinobacteria' termofilik pada berbagai variasi suhu diuji menggunakan medium ISP 1 agar, dan diinkubasi pada suhu 45, 50, 55, 60 ^oC selama 7 hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, 17 isolat memiliki pertumbuhan yang bervariasi pada suhu 45--60 ^oC. Tujuh belas isolat tumbuh pada suhu inkubasi 45 ^oC, 16 isolat pada suhu 50 ^oC, enam isolat pada suhu 55 ^oC, dan lima isolat pada suhu 60 ^oC terdiri atas SL1-2-R-2, SL1-2-R-3, SL1-2-R-4, SL2-2-R-15, dan SL3-1-R-16. Aktivitas amilolitik 17 isolat 'Actinobacteria' termofilik pada berbagai variasi suhu diuji dengan metode 'starch agar plate', menggunakan medium Minimal (Mm) agar dengan penambahan pati ('soluble starch') sebagai substrat sebanyak 1% (b/v), dan diinkubasi pada suhu 45, 50, 55, dan 60 ^oC selama 7 hari. Aktivitas amilolitik yang positif ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona bening di sekitar koloni bakteri setelah diteteskan larutan 'Lugol's iodine' sebanyak 1,5 ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar isolat yang diperoleh dari tanah di dekat geiser Cisolok memiliki aktivitas amilolitik yang bervariasi pada suhu 45--60 ^oC. Lima belas isolat memiliki aktivitas amilolitik pada suhu 45 ^oC, 13 isolat pada suhu 50 ^oC, empat isolat pada suhu 55 ^oC, dan hanya tiga isolat pada suhu 60 ^oC. Namun demikian, dua isolat (SL2-2-R-15 dan SL3-1-R-16) tidak memiliki aktivitas amilolitik pada suhu 45, 50, dan 55 ^oC setelah diinkubasi selama 7 hari. Tiga isolat potensial yang memiliki aktivitas amilolitik pada suhu 60 ^oC (SL1-2-R-2, SL1-2-R-3, dan SL1-2-R-4), berdasarkan data sekuens gen 16S rRNA, analisis filogenetik, dan karakterisasi fenotipik tiga isolat potensial tersebut diidentifikasi sebagai 'Actinomadura keratinilytica'.

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The aims of this study were to screen for amylolytic activity of the 17 themorphilic 'Actinobacteria' at high temperature, and to obtain species information and phylogenetic position based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, phylogenetic analysis, morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterizations. The ability to grow at various temperature was carried out on ISP 1 agar medium, incubated at 45, 50, 55, 60 ^oC for 7 days. The results showed that the 17 isolates 'Actinobacteria' have varying growth at a temperature of 45--60 ^oC. Seventeen, 16, and six isolates grew at 45, 50, and 55 ^oC, respectively, and only five isolates grew at 60 ^oC, designated SL1-2-R-2, SL1-2-R-3, SL1-2-R-4, SL2-2-R-15, and SL3-1-R-16. Amylolytic activity of the 17 themorphilic 'Actinobacteria' at various temperature was carried out using the starch agar plate method on Minimal (Mm) agar medium with the addition of 1% (w/v) soluble starch as substrate, and incubated at 45, 50, 55, and 60 ^oC for up to 7 days. Amylolytic activity was detected by flooding the plates with 1.5 ml of Lugol's iodine solution. Clear zones around the colonies indicated positive results for amylolytic activity. The results showed that most of the isolates obtained from the soil near the Cisolok geyser have varying amylolytic activity at a temperature of 45--60° C. In this study, 15, 13, four, and three out of 17 isolates were positive for amylolytic activity at 45, 50, 55, and 60 ^oC, respectively. Meanwhile, two isolates, designated SL2-2-R-15 and SL3-1-R-16, showed negative results for amylolytic activity at 45, 50, and 55 ^oC, even after 7 days of incubation. Three potential isolates which have amylolytic activity at 60 ^oC (designated SL1-2-R-2, SL1-2-R-3, and SL1-2-R-4), based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic characterizations were identified as 'Actinomadura keratinilytica.'"

"Pengembangan panasbumi memiliki resiko kegagalan yang tinggi bagi para investor. Oleh karena itu, tahap eksplorasi mempunyai peran penting dalam pengembangan panasbumi. Dalam tahap eksplorasi diperlukan pemahaman yang baik mengenai kondisi bawah-permukaan dengan mengintegrasikan data geosains. Daerah panas bumi Cisolok-Cisukarame berada di lingkungan batuan sedimen berumur Miosen-Pliosen, batuan intrusi asam Miosen-Pliosen dan batuan andesit Plistosen. Batuan berumur Plistosen ini merupakan produk vulkanik termuda di daerah ini. Berdasarkan pemunculan manifestasi panas dipermukaan, didentifikasikan tiga zona prospek panas bumi yaitu prospek panas bumi Cisolok, Cisukarame dan Sangiang. Di daerah ini terdapat 3 kelompok mata air panas yaitu kelompok Cisolok, Cisukarame, dan Cimagit. Manifestasi panas yang muncul di Cisolok Cisukarame terdiri dari mata air panas, endapan sinter dan batuan teralterasi. Kemunculan batuan teralterasi diperkirakan dikontrol oleh struktur berarah timur laut-barat daya dan barat laut-tenggara. Analisis Prospek Panasbumi Cisolok Cisukarame Menggunakan Data Magnetotelluric dan Gravitasi dilakukan untuk mengkaji data geokimia dan data geologi sebagai data pendukung serta data geofisika yaitu data Magnetotelluric dan Gravitasi sebagai data utama. Dari kajian geokimia dapat diketahui bahwa area geothermal Cisolok Cisukarame merupakan sistem dengan dominasi air dengan temperatur reservoir pada area prospek Cisolok berada pada kisaran 140 - 150 oC sedangkan pada area prospek Cisukarame berada pada kisaran 170 - 190 oC. Dari pemodelan 2D Magnetotellurik (MT) yang menggambarkan distribusi resistivitas bawah permukaan diketahui bahwa zona prospek panasbumi yang layak untuk dikembangkan adalah di area Cisukarame. Hal tersebut juga didukung model 2D gravitasi yang menggambarkan struktur bawah permukaan. Dari data geosains didapatkan model konseptual serta rekomendasi target pemboran yaitu Sumur A1 diarahkan memotong struktur yang berarah timur laut - barat daya dengan kedalaman sumur ±1200 m. Sedangkan sumur A2 diarahkan memotong struktur yang berarah tenggara - barat laut dengan kedalaman sumur ±1200 m. Sumur B di tempatkan mengarah pada struktur yang mengontrol pemunculan manifestasi mata air panas yaitu memotong struktur yang berarah timur laut ? barat daya dan struktur yang berarah utara - selatan, dengan kedalaman sumur sekitar ±1200 meter. Estimasi total potensi energi panas bumi untuk area prospek Cisukarame dengan menggunakan binary cycle power plant adalah sebesar 18 MWe hingga 39,6 MWe.

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Geothermal development has a high risk of failure for investors. Therefore, the exploration phase has an important role in the development of geothermal. The exploration phase required a good understanding of subsurface conditions by integrating the data geosciences. Geothermal area Cisolok - Cisukarame located within sedimentary rocks Miocene - Pliocene , Miocene - acid intrusive rocks of Pliocene and Pleistocene andesite. Rock Pleistocene age is the youngest volcanic products in this area. Based on the appearance of the surface manifestations, is identified three zones geothermal prospects Cisolok , Cisukarame and Sangiang. In this area there are 3 groups of hot springs that group Cisolok, Cisukarame, and Cimagit. Heat manifestations that appear in Cisolok Cisukarame consists of hot springs, sediment and rock alteration sinter. The emergence of rock alteration estimated controlled by trending structures northeast - southwest and northwest - southeast.

Geothermal Prospects Analysis Cisolok Cisukarame Using Data Magnetotelluric and Gravity conducted to assess the geochemical data and geological data as supporting data and geophysical data is data Magnetotelluric and Gravity as the main data. From the geochemical studies it is known that the geothermal area Cisolok Cisukarame is a system of domination by the temperature of water in the reservoir area Cisolok prospects in the range of 140-150 ° C while the Cisukarame prospect area in the range of 170-190 ° C. From modeling 2D magnetotelluric (MT) which describes the subsurface resistivity distribution is known that the possible zone geothermal prospects for development is in the Cisukarame area. This is also supported by 2D gravity models which describe the subsurface structure.

From the data geoscience obtained conceptual model and well drilling targets recommendations are well A1 directed to northeast - southwest trending structures with a well depth of 1200 m ± . While wells A2 directed to southeast - northwest trending structures at a depth of 1200 m ± wells . Wells B in place leads to structures that control the appearance of the manifestation of the hot springs are cut structures trending northeast - southwest and structures trending north - south, with a well depth of about ± 1200 meters .

Estimates of the total potential of geothermal energy for Cisukarame prospect area by using binary cycle power plant is 18 MWe to 39.6 MWe."

"Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui aktivitas amilolitik 17 isolat Actinobacteria termofilik pada suhu tinggi, dan memperoleh informasi spesies, dan posisi filogenetik isolat potensial berdasarkan data sekuens gen 16S rRNA, analisis filogenetik, karakterisasi morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia. Kemampuan tumbuh 17 isolat Actinobacteria termofilik pada berbagai variasi suhu diuji menggunakan medium ISP 1 agar, dan diinkubasi pada suhu 45, 50, 55, 60 °C selama 7 hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, 17 isolat memiliki pertumbuhan yang bervariasi pada suhu 45-60 °C. Tujuh belas isolat tumbuh pada suhu inkubasi 45 °C, 16 isolat pada suhu 50 °C, enam isolat pada suhu 55 °C, dan lima isolat pada suhu 60 °C terdiri atas SL1-2-R-2, SL1-2-R-3, SL1-2-R-4, SL2-2-R-15, dan SL3-1-R-16. Aktivitas amilolitik 17 isolat Actinobacteria termofilik pada berbagai variasi suhu diuji dengan metode starch agar plate, menggunakan medium Minimal (Mm) agar dengan penambahan pati (soluble starch) sebagai substrat sebanyak 1% (b/v), dan diinkubasi pada suhu 45, 50, 55, dan 60 °C selama 7 hari. Aktivitas amilolitik yang positif ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona bening di sekitar koloni bakteri setelah diteteskan larutan Lugol's iodine sebanyak 1,5 ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar isolat yang diperoleh dari tanah di dekat geiser Cisolok memiliki aktivitas amilolitik yang bervariasi pada suhu 45-60 °C. Lima belas isolat memiliki aktivitas amilolitik pada suhu 45 °C, 13 isolat pada suhu 50 °C, empat isolat pada suhu 55 °C, dan hanya tiga isolat pada suhu 60 °C. Namun demikian, dua isolat (SL2-2-R-15 dan SL3-1-R-16) tidak memiliki aktivitas amilolitik pada suhu 45, 50, dan 55 °C setelah diinkubasi selama 7 hari. Tiga isolat potensial yang memiliki aktivitas amilolitik pada suhu 60 °C (SL1-2-R-2, SL1-2-R-3, dan SL1-2-R-4), berdasarkan data sekuens gen 16S rRNA, analisis filogenetik, dan karakterisasi fenotipik tiga isolat potensial tersebut diidentifikasi sebagai Actinomadura keratinilytica.

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The aims of this study were to screen for amylolytic activity of the 17 themorphilic Actinobacteria at high temperature, and to obtain species information and phylogenetic position based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, phylogenetic analysis, morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterizations. The ability to grow at various temperature was carried out on ISP 1 agar medium, incubated at 45, 50, 55, 60 °C for 7 days. The results showed that the 17 isolates Actinobacteria have varying growth at a temperature of 45-60 °C. Seventeen, 16, and six isolates grew at 45, 50, and 55 °C, respectively, and only five isolates grew at 60 °C, designated SL1-2-R-2, SL1-2-R-3, SL1-2-R-4, SL2-2-R-15, and SL3-1-R-16. Amylolytic activity of the 17 themorphilic Actinobacteria at various temperature was carried out using the starch agar plate method on Minimal (Mm) agar medium with the addition of 1% (w/v) soluble starch as substrate, and incubated at 45, 50, 55, and 60 °C for up to 7 days. Amylolytic activity was detected by flooding the plates with 1.5 ml of Lugol's iodine solution. Clear zones around the colonies indicated positive results for amylolytic activity. The results showed that most of the isolates obtained from the soil near the Cisolok geyser have varying amylolytic activity at a temperature of 45-60 °C. In this study, 15, 13, four, and three out of 17 isolates were positive for amylolytic activity at 45, 50, 55, and 60 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, two isolates, designated SL2-2-R-15 and SL3-1-R-16, showed negative results for amylolytic activity at 45, 50, and 55 °C, even after 7 days of incubation. Three potential isolates which have amylolytic activity at 60 °C (designated SL1-2-R-2, SL1-2-R-3, and SL1-2-R-4), based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic characterizations were identified as Actinomadura keratinilytica."

"Daerah Cisolok, Sukabumi menjadi salah satu lapangan panas bumi yang memiliki manifestasi panas bumi seperti travertine, geyser dan hot pool. Keberadaan panas bumi ini memperlihatkan prospek dari adanya alterasi dan mineralisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tipe dan persebaran suatu mineralisasi dan alterasi yang ada pada daerah penelitian, membuat model penampang alterasi, dan mengidentifikasi tingkat akurasi metode citra satelit dengan data lapangan yang diperoleh. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan antara lain analisis data citra satelit seperti metode FFD, LST, dan PCA, lalu digunakan juga penelitian lapangan dan data lapangan tersebut dianalisis lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan analisis petrografi dan XRD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis alterasi yang ada pada daerah penelitian antara lain alterasi argilik, propilitik, dan filik. Hal ini dapat diidentifikasi melalui hasil kombinasi dari analisis petrografi, XRD, dan PCA. Tipe mineralisasi pada daerah penelitian adalah mineralisasi pirit yang diidentifikasi melalui hasil analisis petrografi dan XRD. Nilai akurasi metode FFD, LST, dan PCA dengan data penelitian lapangan pada daerah penelitian memiliki akurasi yang kurang baik, sedang, dan cukup baik. Hal ini disesuaikan dengan tingkat kesamaan dari hasil korelasi antara data lapangan dengan metode citra satet yang digunakan. Model penampang alterasi hidrotermal daerah penelitian memiliki sebaran tipe alterasi yang ditarik melalui satu garis penampang.

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The Cisolok area, Sukabumi is one of the geothermal fields that has geothermal manifestations such as travertines, geysers and hot pools. The existence of this geothermal shows the prospect of alteration and mineralization. The purpose of this study is to identify the type and distribution of mineralization and alteration in the study area, create a cross-sectional model of alteration, and identify the accuracy of the satellite imagery method with the obtained field data. The research methods that will be used include analysis of satellite image data such as the FFD, LST, and PCA methods, then field research is also used and the field data is further analyzed using petrographic analysis and XRD. The results showed that the types of alteration that existed in the study area were argillic, propylitic, and philic alterations. This can be identified through the combined results of petrographic analysis, XRD, and PCA. The type of mineralization in the study area is pyrite mineralization which was identified through the results of petrographic and XRD analysis. The accuracy values ​​of the FFD, LST, and PCA methods with field research data in the research area have poor, moderate, and quite good accuracy. This is adjusted to the level of similarity of the results of the correlation between the field data and the satellite image method used. The cross-sectional model of hydrothermal alteration in the study area has a distribution of alteration types drawn through one cross-sectional line."

"Rare-actinomycetes tersebar di berbagai habitat terutama di habitat ekstrem seperti kawasan geotermal. Penelitian mengenai rare-actinomycetes dilakukan terkait potensinya sebagai penghasil senyawa bioaktif baru yang bermanfaat dalam bidang kesehatan, industri dan farmasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi secara fenotip dan genotip rare-actinomycetes dari sampel tanah di bawah batuan kuarsa (S3.5.3) di hutan kawasan geotermal Cisolok. Metode pengayaan sampel tanah dilakukan menggunakan medium 10% R2A (Reasoner’s 2A) cair dengan penambahan cycloheximide 100 ppm dan sodium azide 60 ppm, kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 30°C selama 30 hari. Isolasi rare actinomycetes dilakukan dengan metode membran filter dan spread pada medium 10% R2A gellan gum yang diinkubasi pada suhu 45°C. Karakterisasi dilakukan secara genotipik (berdasarkan data sequence gen 16S rRNA, analisis homologi sequence, dan rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik dengan metode Neighbour-Joining, Maximum Likelihood, dan Minimum Evolution); dan karakterisasi fenotipik (morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia). Sebanyak 26 isolat diperoleh dari sampel S3.5.3. Lima isolat dengan karakter morfologi actinomycetes yang diisolasi dari suhu 45°C dengan membran filter, dipilih untuk diidentifikasi. Hasil analisis sequence gen 16S rRNA dari lima isolat menunjukkan persentase homologi sebesar 95,46-99,56% terhadap Micromonospora yasonensis DS3186T. Berdasarkan hasil analisis filogenetik dengan metode Neighbour-Joining, kelima isolat memiliki hubungan kekerabatan terdekat dengan Micromonospora yasonensis DS3186T. Kelima isolat merupakan anggota class Actinomycetes, ordo Micromonosporales, family Micromonosporaceae. Karakter fenotipik kelima isolat sesuai dengan Micromonospora yasonensis sebagai spesies terdekatnya. Kelima isolat merupakan bakteri termotoleran (tumbuh pada suhu 30-45°C dan suhu optimum 40°C), aerobik, Gram positif, menghasilkan miselium substrat tanpa adanya miselium aerial, positif katalase, dan menghasilkan soluble pigment. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa Micromonospora yasonensis dapat ditemukan di kawasan geotermal dan berasosiasi dengan batuan kuarsa.

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Rare-actinomycetes are distributed in various habitats, particularly in extreme environments such as geothermal areas. Research on rare-actinomycetes focuses on their potential as producers of new bioactive compounds beneficial in health, industrial, and pharmaceutical fields. The aims of this study were to isolate and characterize rare-actinomycetes from soil samples beneath quartz rocks (S3.5.3) in the geothermal forest of Cisolok. Soil sample enrichment was performed using 10% R2A (Reasoner’s 2A) liquid medium supplemented with 100 ppm cycloheximide and 60 ppm sodium azide, incubated at 30°C for 30 days. Rare actinomycetes isolation was carried out using the membrane filter method and spread on 10% R2A agar with gellan gum, incubated at 45°C. Characterization included genotypic analysis based on the sequence of 16S rRNA gene, supported by phenotypic characterization (morphology, physiology, and biochemistry). A total of 26 isolates were obtained from sample S3.5.3. Five isolates with actinomycetes morphology isolated at 45°C using the membrane filter method were selected for characterization. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences from these five isolates showed homology levels of 95.46-99.56% to Micromonospora yasonensis DS3186T. Based on phylogenetic analysis using the Neighbour-Joining method, the five isolates were most closely related to Micromonospora yasonensis DS3186T. These isolates belong to the class Actinomycetes, order Micromonosporales, and family Micromonosporaceae. Phenotypic characteristics of the five isolates were consistent with Micromonospora yasonensis as their closest species. These isolates are thermotolerant bacteria (growing at temperatures of 30-45°C; optimum temperature 40°C), aerobic, Gram-positive, produce substrate mycelium without aerial mycelium, positive for catalase, and produce soluble pigment. This study reveals that Micromonospora yasonensis can be found in geothermal areas associated with quartz rocks."

"Wilayah Cisolok-Cisukarame merupakan area prospek geotermal liquid dominated geothermal system yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Aktivitas geotermalnya dicirikan dengan kemunculan manifestasi permukaan dalam bentuk mata air panas di sepanjang sungai Cisolok dan Cisukarame. Eksplorasi geotermal pertama di wilayah Cisolok-Cisukarame telah dilakukan sejak tahun 1970 dan sumur eksplorasi pertama dilakukan pada akhir 1986 di dekat mata air panas Cisolok hingga kedalaman 1200 meter dan mendapati temperatur di dasar sumur sebesar 120o C. Beberapa penelitian serupa telah dilakukan sebelumnya, namun model konseptual dari penelitian terdahulu belum secara akurat dapat menduga lokasi keberadaan reservoir dan heat source dikarenakan keterbatasan data sehingga interpretasi yang dilakukan belum tepat. Dalam penelitian ini, rekonstruksi model konseptual geotermal dilakukan untuk memecahkan permasalahan utama dalam menentukan keberadaan reservoir dan heat source, berbasis integrasi data geologi, geokimia, gravitasi satelit GGMPlus, dan magnetotellurik. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi model konseptual yang telah direkonstruksi, keberadaan reservoir pada sistem geotermal Cisolok-Cisukarame diduga berada dibawah manifestasi permukaan Cisukarame yang berperan sebagai zona upflownya dan mengalami perluasan ke arah timur laut. Temperatur pada reservoir mencapai 235o C dengan sumber panas yang diduga berasal dari sisa panas Gunung Halimun berumur kuarter. Area prospek berdasarkan pertimbangan pola persebaran resistivitas serta batas reservoir diperkirakan memiliki luas sebesar 15 km2 dengan top of reservoir pada kedalaman 500 - 1000 meter. Lokasi titik pemboran sumur eksplorasi direkomendasikan berada pada zona permeable timur laut manifestasi Cisukarame mencapai kedalaman 1000 meter pada zona dengan temperature yang tinggi. Diperkirakan area prospek reservoir masih mengalami perluasan ke arah utara dan timur laut, namun diperlukan survei geofisika lanjut untuk mengonfirmasi kemungkinan possible extend tersebut.

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The Cisolok-Cisukarame region is a liquid dominated geothermal system prospect area located in Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Its geothermal activity is characterized by the appearance of surface manifestations in the form of hot springs along the Cisolok and Cisukarame rivers. The first geothermal exploration in the Cisolok-Cisukarame area has been carried out since 1970 and the first exploration well was carried out at the end of 1986 near the Cisolok hot spring to a depth of 1200 meters and found the temperature at the bottom of the well of 120o C. Several similar studies have been carried out before, but the model conceptual studies from previous studies have not been able to accurately predict the location of the reservoir and heat source due to limited data so that the interpretation is not correct. In this research, the reconstruction of the conceptual geothermal model is carried out to solve the main problems in determining the existence of reservoirs and heat sources, based on the integration of geological, geochemical, gravity satellite GGMPlus, and magnetotelluric data. Based on the interpretation of the reconstructed conceptual model, the reservoir in the Cisolok- Cisukarame geothermal system is predicted below the surface manifestation of Cisukarame which acts as the upflow zone and is expanding to the northeast. The temperature in the reservoir reaches 235o C with the heat source predicted to come from the residual heat of Mount Halimun with quarter age. The prospect area based on consideration of the resistivity distribution pattern and reservoir boundary is estimated to have an area of 15 km2 with a top of reservoir at a depth of 500 - 1000 meters. The location of the exploration well drilling point is recommended to be in the northeastern permeable zone of the Cisukarame manifestation reaching a depth of 1000 meters in a zone with high temperatures. It is estimated that the reservoir prospect area is still expanding to the north and northeast, but further geophysical surveys are needed to confirm the possibility of this possible extend."