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"Konsumsi produk air minum dalam galon di Indonesia sangat tinggi, sehingga membuat kegiatan distribusi produk dari perusahaan ke pelanggan merupakan salah satu aspek penting. Air minum dalam galon memiliki keunikan, dimana galon kosong dari pelanggan harus diambil kembali oleh kendaraan dari perusahaan. Sistem distribusi ini disebut dengan Closed-loop Supply Chain. Untuk memecahkan permasalahan distribusi ini, dipakai metode Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pick-up VRPSDP dalam menentukan rute terbaik yang ditempuh oleh kendaraan dalam mendistribusikan air minum dalam galon dengan total jarak tempuh terpendek. Penelitian ini menyajikan perbandingan antara hasil optimasi VRPSDP dengan menggunakan dua algoritma yang berbeda yaitu algoritma local search dan algoritma simulated annealing. VRPSDP merupakan varian dari permasalahan Vehicle Routing Problem VRP yang memperhitungkan entitas yang harus diambil kembali dari pelanggan menuju depot. Pencarian solusi dilakukan dengan membuat model pemrograman komputer dengan menggunakan library LocalSolver. Hasil dari penelitian ini merupakan model penentuan solusi lokal optimal untuk rute distribusi Closed-loop Supply Chain.

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Gallon water consumption is very high, thus makes the product distribution activities from the company to the customers is the most important aspect. Gallon water has its uniqueness, where empty gallons from customers will be taken back to the company by the vehicles. Distribution systems with this situation is called Closed loop Supply Chain. To solving the distribution system in this problem, the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pick up VRPSDP method is used for determining the best route taken by the vehicle in distributing gallon water with the shortest total distance.

This research presents a comparison results between VRPSDP optimization using two different algorithms, local search algorithm and simulated algorithm. VRPSDP is a variant of the problem of Vehicle Routing Problem VRP which calculate the entities that must be taken back from customers to depot. The optimization model is built by making computer programming model by using LocalSearch library. The result of this research is the model for determining local optimal solution for Closed loop Supply Chain distribution route."

"Pemrosesan ulang kembali sebuah produk adalah hal yang biasa dilakukan didalam industri proses. Hal tersebut merupakan enabler untuk reverse supply chain di industri proses. Namun penelitian mengenai reverse supply chain di industri proses masih terbatas. Penelitian sebelumnya mengelola risiko reverse supply chain di industri proses secara terpisah yang dapat menyebabkan munculnya permasalahan baru. Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan semua risiko sehingga proses manajemen risiko dilakukan secara menyeluruh. Untuk mengembangkannya, dibutuhkan daftar risiko dari aktivitas reverse supply chain secara menyeluruh di industri proses, dibutuhkan juga kriteria untuk risiko tersebut. Data yang didapat diolah dengan menggunakan AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) - PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) berdasarkan preferensi dari ahli. Telah dikumpulkan 8 kriteria dari penelitian sebelumnya, dengan bobot berdasarkan penilaian ahli sebagai berikut: biaya atau investasi tambahan (0.064), pengelolaan volume barang atau produk (0.040), kerugian karena gangguan (0.047), kecepatan recovery bisnis jika terjadi gangguan (0.111), keunggulan daya saing (0.088), lingkungan (0.241), tanggung jawab sosial (0.097), hukum dan undang-undang (0.312). Selanjutnya, penelitian ini melakukan prioritasisasi risiko dengan pendapat ahli dengan menggunakan PROMETHEE. Penelitian menemukan urutan risiko dari yang paling tinggi ke rendah dimulai dari risiko regulasi, risiko lingkungan, risiko reputasi dan branding, risiko kualitas dan stabilitas, risiko pemindahan dan penanganan, risiko teknis, risiko informasi, risiko penjadwalan dan kapasitas, risiko kuantitas, risiko persediaan dan risiko perlawanan. Dari hasil analisis sensitivitas didapat bahwa 3 kriteria yang paling mempengaruhi hasil akhir PROMETHEE adalah kriteria biaya atau investasi tambahan, kriteria hukum dan undang-undang dan kriteria keunggulan daya saing.

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Reprocessing a product is a common practice in the process industry. This is an enabler for the reverse supply chain in the process industry. But research on the reverse supply chain in the process industry is still limited. Previous research managed the risk of reverse supply chain in the process industry separately which could lead to new problems.

This research integrates all risks so that the risk management process is carried out thoroughly. To develop it, it requires a list of risks from the overall reverse supply chain activities in the process industry, and also the criteria for these risks. The data obtained is processed using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) - PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking of Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) based on expert preferences.

8 criteria have been collected from previous studies, with weights based on expert judgment as follows: investment cost (0.064), volume management (0.040), business interruption value (0.047), business recovery time after interruption (0.111), competitive advantage (0.088), environment (0.241), social responsibility (0.097), legislation (0.312). Furthermore, this study prioritizes risk with expert opinion using PROMETHEE.

The research found the order of risk from the highest to the lowest starting from regulatory risk, environmental risk, reputation and branding risk, quality and stability risk, transfer and handling risk, technical risk, information risk, scheduling and capacity risk, quantity risk, inventory risk and risk of resistance. From the results of the sensitivity analysis, it was found that the 3 criteria that most affected the final results of PROMETHEE were the criteria for additional costs or investments, legal and legal criteria and criteria for competitive advantage."

"In remanufacturing, companies take the product back from customers when the product reaches its end-of-life, so as to use as a feedstock for manufacturing of new products. Thereby, it reduces the risk of environmental degradation to be caused by these end-of-life products. The real efficiency in remanufacturing lies in the cost-effective use of reused components. In this paper, we formulate an optimization model based on famous Bass diffusion model to depict not only the quantity returned in the remanufacturing process, but also the amount of cost-saving a manufacturer does with efficient remanufacturing. The proposed approach can enable product designers and remanufacturers to quantify the total component reuse volume by considering the quantity returned, diffusion dynamics with coefficient of innovation and imitation and time to begin remanufacturing. Analytical reasoning & numerical illustration to validate the proposed optimization model and explanation of remanufacturing diffusion dynamics are provided."

"ABSTRAKPerkembangan teknologi yang luar biasa memengaruhi pertumbuhan yang cepat dalam penggunaan perangkat dan layanan TIK. Namun, jumlah penggunaan perangkat yang meningkat telah meningkatkan Limbah Peralatan Elektronik dan Listrik. Studi sebelumnya telah menunjukkan bahwa transformasi sistem dari Rantai Pasok Lingkar Terbuka menuju Rantai Pasok Lingkar Tertutup dapat memecahkan berbagai permasalahan pada pengelolaan sampah elektronik. Namun, transformasi ini tidak mudah karena membutuhkan waktu, salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui edukasi. Di sisi lain, proporsi waktu studi Ekonomi Sirkuler dan Rantai Pasok Lingkar Tertutup di kelas perkuliahan sangat terbatas dan memiliki kompleksitas sistem tinggi sehingga dibutuhkan suatu metode yang lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa. Electriver game merupakan permainan simulasi yang dikembangkan dari konsep Rantai Pasok Lingkar Tertutup dalam konteks manajemen sampah elektronik. Permainan simulasi ini dapat membantu mahasiswa mendapatkan pengalaman edukasi yang lebih efektif, menyenangkan, dan mendalam dibandingkan pembelajaran secara tradisional di dalam kelas. Permainan simulasi ini dikembangkan dengan rangkaian proses desain, eksekusi, serta proses evaluasi menggunakan survei persepsi dan uji pemahaman pra dan pasca permainan kemudian dilakukan uji signifikansi menggunakan Mann-Whitney Test. Dengan dilakukannya penelitian ini, diharapkan penulis turut berkontribusi dalam transformasi sistem industri menuju rantai pasok yang lebih berkelanjutan.

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ABSTRACTExceptional technological developments affect rapid growth in the use of ICT devices and services. However, the increasing device uses has increased the Waste of Electronic and Electrical Equipment. Previous studies have shown that a system transformation from the Open-Loop to the Closed-Loop Supply Chain can solve various problems in E-waste management. However, this transformation is not easy because it takes time, one way that can be done is through education. On the other hand, the proportion of study time for Circular Economy and Closed-Loop Supply Chain in-class lectures is very limited and has high system complexity so needed to improve student understanding by the more effective method. Electriver game is a Serious Simulation Game developed from the concept of Closed-Loop Supply Chain in the context of E-waste management. This game can help students get educational experiences that are more effective, fun, and deeper than traditional learning in the classroom. This game was developed with scientific method from design, execution, and evaluation using attitudinal survey and pre-post knowledge test and the significance test was carried out using Mann-Whitney Test. By conducting this research, the author expected will contribute to the transformation of the industrial system towards a more sustainable supply chain.

 

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