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"Studi ini menganalisis proses Koevolusi yang terjadi antara Jepang sebagai Role Model dan Korea Selatan sebagai interaksor dalam Industri Elektronik Konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses koevolusi yang terjadi antara Jepang dan Korea Selatan sebagai interaksinya. Dalam studi ini, dua faktor yang akan dianalisis, yaitu Sistem Inovasi dan Organisasi Industri. Lebih lanjut, kajian ini akan merumuskan gagasan bagaimana suatu negara menerapkan model koevolusi dengan negara lain untuk memperkuat industrinya dan menjadi pemimpin pasar dunia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa New Product Development dikembangkan antara Korea Selatan dan Jepang dalam proses koevolusi, terutama pada Incremental Innovation dari produk itu sendiri. Dalam hal Organisasi Industri, koevolusi antara Jepang dan Korea Selatan mendorong kedua negara untuk mencari kebijakan terbaik untuk mempertahankan posisinya di pasar.

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This study analyses the Coevolution process that happens between Japan as a Role Model and South Korea as the interactor in the Consumer Electronics Industry. This study aims to understand how the coevolution process happened between Japan and South Korea as the interactor. In this study, two factors are going to be analyzed, which are the Innovation System and Industrial Organization. Furthermore, this study would formulate the idea of how a country applies the coevolution model with other countries to strengthen their industry and become the leader in the world market. The result of this study revealed that New Product Development was developed between South Korea and Japan in the coevolution process, especially on the incremental innovation of the product itself. In terms of Industrial Organization, the coevolution between Japan and South Korea drove both countries to find their best policies to sustain their position in the market."

"ABSTRAK<>br>Studi ini membahas tentang koevolusi antara industri telekomunikasi dan institusi di Korea, seperti pemerintah di Korea, konglomerat chaebol , pemerintah Amerika Serikat, WTO, dan IMF, dari tahun 1980 - 2000. Studi ini membahas secara rinci tentang perubahan industri telekomunikasi di Korea yang dipengaruhi oleh perubahan institusi dan juga sebaliknya. Studi ini menarik tiga kesimpulan: 1 industri telekomunikasi di Korea dibentuk oleh kebijakan yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah Korea, sebagai pemilik Korea Telecom KT ; 2 pemain utama di industri telekomunikasi Korea adalah chaebol, pemerintah Amerika Serikat, WTO, dan IMF; 3 chaebol, pemerintah Amerika Serikat, WTO, dan IMF memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap industri telekomunikasi Korea meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial dan inefisiensi jangka pendek .

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ABSTRACT<>br>The paper examines the coevolution between the Korean telecommunication industry and institutions such as the Korean government, family owned conglomerates chaebol , the US government, WTO, and IMF, from 1980 ndash 2000. Examined in details are an understanding of changes in Korean telecommunication industry affected by the change in institutions and also the other way around. The paper offers three conclusions 1 Korean telecommunication industry in Korea developed by policies set by the Korean government as the owner of Korea Telecom KT 2 the stakeholders of Korean telecommunication industry are chaebol, the US government, WTO, and IMF 3 the stakeholders have affected the Korean telecommunication industry increasing social welfare and short run inefficiency. "

"Evolutionary science is critical for an understanding of integrated human biology and is increasingly recognized as a core discipline by medical and public health professionals. Advances in the fields of genomics, epigenetics, developmental biology, and epidemiology have led to the growing realization that incorporation of evolutionary thinking is essential for medicine to achieve its full potential. This revised and updated second edition of the first comprehensive textbook of evolutionary medicine explains the principles of evolutionary biology from a medical perspective and focuses on how medicine and public health might utilize evolutionary thinking. The first part of the book provides a summary of the evolutionary theory relevant to understanding human health and disease, using examples specifically relevant to medicine. The second part describes the application of evolutionary principles to understanding particular aspects of human medicine: reproduction, metabolism, behavior, the implications of our coevolution with micro-organisms, and cancer. The two parts are bridged by a chapter that details pathways by which evolutionary processes affect disease risk and symptoms, and how hypotheses in evolutionary medicine can be tested. A further chapter illustrates the application of evolutionary biology to medicine and public health, with a number of new clinical examples. The final chapter uses a historical perspective to consider the ethical and societal issues arising from the interface between evolution and medicine."