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Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas pengertian dan aspek hukum dari pencabutan hak atas tanah bagi pengadaan tanah dan pelaksanaan pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum melalui hak menguasai negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan bentuk penelitian hukum normatif kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan Proses pengadaan tanah bagi pelaksanaan pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum harus dilakukan secara transparan dan menghormati hak‐hak yang sah. Oleh karena itu proses pelaksanaannya harus memuat empat prinsip utama, yaitu kepastian atas terselenggaranya proses pembangunan, asas keterbukaan publik dalam proses pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum, penghormatan hak atas tanah, dan aspek keadilan bagi yang menyerahkan atau melepaskan hak atas tanah bagi kepentingan umum. Pembebasan tanah untuk pengadaan tanah bagi pelaksanaan pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum harus memperhatikan kepentingan masayarakat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, karena Undang‐Undang Pokok Agraria dan Undang‐Undang Dasar tahun 1945 mengamanatkan pemanfaatan tanah adalah untuk sebesar besar kemakmuran rakyat.

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This thesis analyses the definition and legal aspect of compulsary of land rights for land acquisition and implementation of development in purpose of public interest through State‐owning right mechanism. The research employs normative‐qualitative legal methodology which results in descriptive data. The result concludes that the process of land procurement for implementation of development in purpose of public interest shall be conducted with clear transparency with due regard to all legitimate rights. Therefore the implementation process must consist of four main principles, i.e. certainty on the development process, public transparency in the development in purpose of public interest, due regards to all land rights, and fairness aspect to people who voluntarily transfer or release the land rights for the sake of public interest. Land acquittal for the acquisition for implementation of development in purpose of public interest shall recognize the community interest as well as raise the public welfare, since the Agrarian Law and the Constitution of Indonesia prescribes the use of land shall be for the welfare of the people as much as possible.

Abstrak :
Disertasi ini membahas tentang Persekutuan Komanditer (CV) sebagai salah satu bentuk badan usaha yang masih banyak dipilih oleh pelaku usaha kecil menengah dan aturan hukumnya yang masih mengacu kepada KUHD yang sampai kini belum pernah dilakukan perubahan untuk menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan dunia usaha. Secara khusus, permasalahan yang dibahas adalah hukum tentang pembagian laba/rugi antara sekutu pengurus dan sekutu komanditer, hukum tentang tanggung jawab sekutu pengurus dan sekutu komanditer, dasar pemikiran perubahan status hukum CV dari bukan badan hukum menjadi badan hukum dan alasan pelaku usaha masih memilih CV sebagai badan usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif (legal research) dan perbandingan hukum (comparative law). Sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi dokumen dan wawancara. Data yang telah terkumpul tersebut dianalisis secara kualitif. Pembagian laba/rugi, yang memberikan bagian yang lebih besar kepada sekutu komanditer dibandingkan kepada sekutu pengurus berdasarkan hanya kepada pertimbangan inbreng, telah mengalami perubahan. Perubahan ini terjadi karena resiko dan tanggung jawab yang harus diemban sekutu pengurus lebih besar dibandingkan resiko dan tanggung jawab yang diemban sekutu komanditer. Dalam hal pertanggung jawaban para sekutu dalam CV, pengadilan baik di Indonesia maupun Belanda cenderung melaksanakan ketentuan dalam KUHD/WvK. Namun di Belanda, Wetsvoorstel Personnenvennootschap memperluas tanggung jawab sekutu komanditer menjadi tidak terbatas apabila sekutu komanditer terbukti memiliki ?decisive influence? atas setiap putusan yang diambil oleh sekutu pengurus. Status hukum CV yang berbadan hukum akan bermanfaat bagi para sekutu karena terdapat pemisahan kekayaan yang jelas antara kekayaan sekutu dan kekayaan perusahaan (CV), bagi sekutu pengurus karena tanggung jawab menjadi terbatas, dan bermanfaat bagi kreditur karena CV yang berbadan hukum memiliki jaminan hukum yang lebih pasti atas kekayaan CV. Pilihan memberikan status hukum CV yang berbadan hukum akan memberikan kesempatan yang lebih besar kepada pelaku usaha kecil menengah untuk berpartisipasi dalam pembangunan ekonomi. Hasil penelitian terhadap pelaku usaha CV di Cirebon mengungkapkan bahwa alasan pemilihan CV adalah kemudahan dalam proses pendirian, pertimbangan biaya yang terjangkau dan tidak terlalu mahal, fleksibilitas dalam pengelolaan CV, kesesuaian bentuk CV dengan perusahaan keluarga yang menekankan pada unsur kepercayaan (trust), serta peluang menggunakan CV untuk bidang usaha tertentu.

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This dissertation discusses the regulatory issues surrounding Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV) or Limited Partnership that continues to be the preferred form of business entity for small-medium enterprises. The issues relating to CVs arise due to the fact that CVs are still regulated by the Indonesian Commercial Code passed during the Dutch period in 1884, which has not been amended to accommodate the development of the current business climate. This dissertation will specifically focus on: (i) the regulations concerning sharing of profits and losses between the managing partner (beherende venoot) and limited partner (commanditaire venoot); (ii) the regulations concerning the liabilities of the managing partner and limited partner; (iii) the basis for the change of status of a CV from a non-legal entity to a legal entity; and (iv) the reasons business actors continue to use CVs as the preferred form for their business. The method of research conducted for this dissertation was based on legal research and comparative law approach. Data was collected through the study of documents and conducting a series of interviews, which were then qualitatively analyzed. The sharing of profits and losses, which provides a larger share to the limited partner compared to the managing partner solely based on the in-kind contributions, has experienced change. The reason for the change is because the managing partner has greater risks and responsibilities compared to the limited partner. On the issue of responsibility of the partners in the CV, the courts both in Indonesia and the Netherlands tend to implement the regulations contained in the Commercial Code/Wetboek van Koophandel. However, there is a distinction in the Wetsvoorstel Personnenvennootschap in the Netherlands where the responsibility of the limited partner is expanded to become an unlimited liability if it was proven that the limited partner had a decisive influence in every decision taken by the managing partner. The status of the CV as a legal entity will be beneficial for the partners because of the clear separation of the personal assets of the partners and the assets of the CV. With respect to the liabilities of the managing partner, his/her liability will be limited and the separation of assets will also create legal certainty over the CV?s assets for the creditors. Another benefit to the legal entity status of the CV is giving a better opportunity to small-medium business actors to participate in the development of the economy. Research conducted in Cirebon shows that the motive behind preference towards CV is the ease in its establishment, its cost effectiveness, the flexibility in its management and the conformity that it shares with a family-run business, which is an emphasis on trust and the opportunity of using the form of CV for certain business areas.

Abstrak :
This title presents twenty-nine topics, prepared by leading scholars in more than 20 countries, providing a comparative analysis of cutting-edge legal topics of the 21st century. This comprehensive volume tells the story of parallel trends in the evolution of legal doctrine despite jurisdictional, cultural, and political barriers. While each of the covered countries stands alone as a sovereign, in a technologically advanced world their disparate systems nonetheless have converged to adopt comparable strategies in dealing with complex legal issues.

Abstrak :
"This book is a valuable study of how two jurisdictions approach the task of statutory interpretation in a complex and multivalent constitutional environment. It is the product of considerable scholarship across the two jurisdictions and a fine sensitivity to the various factors and different theoretical dimensions which inform the interpretative exercise. The exposition is clear. The argument is forceful. As with all the best works of comparative law, one reads this book and learns as much about one’s own legal system as about the system with which it is compared." – from the Foreword by Philip Sales (Lord Justice of Appeal, England & Wales)How far do contemporary English and German judges go when they interpret national legislation? Where are the limits of statutory interpretation when they venture outside the constraints of the text?Judicial Law-making in English and German Courts is concerned with the limits of judicial power in a legal system. It addresses the often neglected relationship between statutory interpretation and constitutional law. It traces the practical implications of constitutional principles by exploring the outer limits of what courts regard themselves as authorised to do in the area of statutory interpretation. The book critically analyses, reconstructs and compares judicial law-making in English and German courts from comparative, methodological and constitutional perspectives. It maps the differences and commonalities in both jurisdictions and then offers explanatory accounts for these differences and similarities based on constitutional, institutional, political, historical, cultural and international factors.It will be shown that a fundamental unity of statutory interpretation exists in English and German judicial practice in the sphere of rights-consistent and EU-conforming judicial law-making. The constitutional settings and legal cultures in Germany and the UK have converged in both areas of judicial law-making. However, that is not the case for judicial law-making under conventional canons of statutory interpretation, where significant differences in judicial approach to statutory interpretation remain.Judicial Law-making in English and German Courts is the first monograph in English that compares English and German legal methodology as applied in judicial practice, appealing to those interested in statutory interpretation, comparative law or legal methodology.