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"Di tengah meningkatnya ketegangan geopolitik di kawasan Indo-Pasifik, Indonesia telah mengembangkan kerjasama pertahanan dengan Perancis melalui Naval Group dan PT PAL. Meskipun Indonesia berupaya untuk mengembangkan kemampuan angkatan lautnya, kemitraan ini menekankan transfer pengetahuan dan manufaktur lokal daripada mengimpor produk yang telah jadi. Selain itu, posisi Indonesia sebagai negara non-blok juga menjadi tantangan dalam kemitraan ini. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana kerjasama ini mampu memperkuat kemampuan angkatan laut Indonesia tanpa memprovokasi negara-negara tetangga. Dengan menggunakan teori realisme defensif dan konsep militerisme, temuan ini menyoroti bahwa keputusan Indonesia untuk mengembangkan kemampuan kapal selamnya melalui kerja sama dengan Perancis merupakan peningkatan signifikan dalam kekuatan militernya, yang dirancang sebagai tindakan defensif dan bukan ekspansi agresif. Dengan berfokus pada transfer pengetahuan dibandingkan mengimpor produk jadi, pendekatan ini tidak mungkin memicu eskalasi konflik dalam perlombaan kapal selam, karena pendekatan ini menekankan pertahanan diri dan kemajuan teknologi tanpa menantang dominasi negara-negara besar di wilayah tersebut

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Amidst escalating Indo-Pacific tensions, Indonesia has developed defence cooperation with France through the Naval Group and PT PAL. While Indonesia seeks to increase its naval capabilities, this partnership only emphasises knowledge transfer and local manufacturing, which may seem less tangible compared to previous collaborations involving the import of finished products. Additionally, Indonesia's non-aligned stance also presents a challenge for this partnership. Therefore, this article aims to explain how this partnership can boost Indonesia's naval power without provoking regional military tensions. Using defensive realism and the concept of militarism, the findings highlight that Indonesia's decision to develop its submarine capabilities through cooperation with France represents a significant enhancement of its military power, designed as a defensive measure rather than an aggressive expansion. By focusing on knowledge transfer rather than importing finished products, this approach is unlikely to trigger conflict escalation in the submarine race, as it emphasises self-defence and technological advancement without challenging the dominance of major powers in the region."

"Malacca Strait, as one of the strategic straits in world trade, often face various nontraditional security threats. In accordance with United Nations Convention on the Law of The Sea (UNCLOS), littoral states such as Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia are obligated to maintain the security in Malacca Straits, to ensure that world trades and world economic are not disrupted. This study analyzes how the Malacca straits patrol (MSP) framework is formed by littoral states in order to maintain the security stability in Malacca Strait. The authors employ qualitative method through literature study. The obtained data were analyzed using the theory of defense cooperation and concept of defense diplomacy. The results of the study conclude that MSP, which is consisted of the Malacca Straits Sea Patrol (MSSP), "Eyes-in-the-Sky" Combined Maritime Air Patrols (EiS), and the MSP Intelligence Exchange Group (IEG), is classified as a defense diplomacy activity in the form of multilateral contacts between military officials and multilateral military exercises aimed at increasing mutual trust and defense capabilities of each country."