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"Latar belakang: Karsinoma sel hati (KSH) merupakan jenis keganasan primer hatitersering dengan gambaran histologik menunjukkan diferensiasi sel hepatoselular. Selaininsiden yang tinggi, beban yang berat dari keganasan ini adalah prognosis yang sangatburuk dengan angka rekurensi yang tinggi. Terdapat banyak faktor resiko secaraklinikopatologik yang telah diketahui mempengaruhi prognosis KSH, seperti kadar alfafetoprotein, derajat diferensiasi, dan invasi mikrovaskular. Secara molekular, mutasi p53dan β-catenin merupakan dua mutasi tersering dalam KSH. β-catenin merupakan proteinmultifungsi yang dikode oleh gen CTNNB1 yang dapat ditemukan pada 3 kompartemensel, yaitu di membran sel, sitoplasma dan inti. Jalur Wnt/β-catenin meregulasi prosesseluler yang terkait inisiasi, pertumbuhan, survival, migrasi, diferensiasi, dan apoptosis.Meski sudah banyak diketahui beberapa jalur patofisiologi molekularhepatokarsinogenesis, hubungan dengan aplikasi klinik membutuhkan pemahaman lebihmengenai hubungan sifat molekuler dan sifat fenotip tumor, terutama dalam penentuanfaktor prognosis dan pengembangan terapi target. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilaiekspresi β-catenin pada KSH dan hubungannya dengan berbagai faktor prognosis yaituAFP, derajat diferensiasi dan invasi mikrovaskular.Bahan dan cara: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sampel terdiri atas35 kasus KSH yang sudah ditegakkan diagnosisnya berdasarkan pemeriksaanhistopatologik dan/atau imunohistokimia di RSCM dari Januari 2013 sampai September2019. Dilakukan pulasan β-catenin dan analisis statistik dengan uji komparatif terhadapberbagai karakteristik klinikopatologik dan faktor resiko berupa AFP, derajat diferensiasidan invasi mikrovaskular.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna ekspresi β-catenin terhadap AFP (p=0,037) danderajat diferensiasi (p=0,043) pada KSH. Ekspresi β-catenin pada inti dengan/tanpasitoplasma lebih sering ditemukan pada kasus KSH dengan kadar AFP rendah dan derajatdiferensiasi baik-sedang. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna ekspresi β-cateninterhadap invasi mikrovaskular pada KSH (p=1,000).Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna ekspresi β-catenin terhadap AFP dan derajatdiferensiasi pada KSH.

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary livercancer, displaying histologically hepatocellular differentiation. In addition to its highincidence, the disease burden of HCC is due to its poor prognosis with high recurrencerate. Some of the previously known clinicopathologic prognostic factors of HCC includealpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, tumor grade and microvascular invasion. At molecularlevel, p53 and β-catenin are the two most common driver mutations in HCC that aremutually exclusive. β-catenin is a multifunction protein that is encoded by CTNNB1 gen.It is found in 3 compartments of cells, which are membrane cell, cytoplasm and nucleus.Wnt/ β-catenin pathway regulates cellular process which is related to initiation, growth,survival, migration, differentiation and apoptosis. Although molecular pathogenesispathways of hepatocarcinogenesis are known, clinical application warrants moreunderstanding in terms of molecular characteristic and tumor phenotype, especially indetermining prognosis and target therapy development. This current study aims to analyzethe expression of β-catenin and its association with prognostic factors, such as AFP,tumor grade and microvascular invasion.Material and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted comprising 35 samples ofsurgically resected HCCs between January 2013 to September 2019 in CiptoMangunkusumo General Hospital. The cases were diagnosed based on histopathologicaland immunohistochemical findings and was then performed β-catenin staining. β-cateninexpression was analyzed with statistical tests to determine expression difference betweenAFP level, tumor grade and microvascular invasion.Result: There were statistically significant difference of β-catenin expression in AFPlevel and tumor grade (p=0.037 and 0.043, respectively). Nuclear with/withoutcytoplasmic expression of β-catenin was more frequently found in HCC with low AFPlevel and well-to-moderately differentiated tumors. No significant difference wasobserved in β-catenin expression between HCC with and without microvascular invasion(p=1.000).Conclusion: β-catenin expression was significantly different in AFP level and tumorgrade."

"Latar Belakang: Karsinoma sel hati (KSH) adalah lesi neoplastik ganas pada hati tersering. Transformasi keganasan sel hati normal menjadi KSH melibatkan berbagai faktor seperti inflamasi dan perubahan genetik yang menyebabkan KSH menjadi sangat heterogen pada tingkat histologik dan molekular. Perbedaan fenotipe yang dipengaruhi berbagai perubahan molekular menghasilkan berbagai derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik dan gambaran klinik yang berbeda dan sebagian berhubungan dengan prognosis pada KSH. Mutasi pada gen TP53 yang berfungsi menontrol proliferasi sel melalui perbaikan DNA, apoptosis, dan penuaan sel terbukti sebagai salah satu perubahan molekular tersering pada KSH dan sering dikaitkan dengan beberapa faktor risiko, derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik tertentu dan prognosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi ekspresi p53 pada derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik dan stadium patologi tumor KSH.Bahan dan cara: Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM, Jakarta terhadap 41 kasus KSH yang diperoleh seara reseksi. Sampel kasus diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kelompok derajat diferensiasi (WHO), subtipe histologik dan stadium patologi tumor. Selanjutnya dilakukan pulasan imunohistokimia (IHK) protein 53 (p53) pada seluruh kasus dan dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui ekspresi p53 pada variabel penelitian.Hasil: Ekspresi p53 ditemukan pada 35 kasus (85%). Berdasarkan derajat diferensiasi, ekspresi p53 ditemukan paling banyak pada derajat diferensiasi sedang dan buruk, yaitu 21 dan 14 kasus (91% dan 93%). Ekspresi p53 berdasarkan stadium patologi tumor ditemukan paling banyak pada pT1b dan pT2, yaitu 8 dan 14 kasus ( 88% dan 93%). Berdasarkan subtipe histologik, seluruh kasus macrotrabecular massive (MTM) menunjukkan ekspresi p53 (4 kasus, 100%), subtipe clear cell (CC) terpulas pada 15 kasus (93%), klasik (CL) ditemukan 16 kasus (88%) dan tidak ditemukan ekspresi p53 pada seluruh kasus steatohepatitic (SH). Terdapat perbedaan rerata bermakna ekspresi p53 pada kelompok baik dan sedang (p=0,011), baik dan buruk (p=0,015) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata bermakna antara kelompok sedang dan buruk (p=0,339). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan rerata bermakna ekspresi p53 pada seluruh kelompok stadium patologi tumor (p=0,948) dan subtipe histologik (p=0,076).Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna ekspresi p53 pada KSH kelompok diferensiasi baik dan sedang serta baik dan buruk.

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Background: Hepatocellular cell carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant neoplastic lesion of the liver. Malignant transformation of hepatocytes involves various factors such as inflammation and genetic causing HCC to be very heterogeneous at the histological and molecular level. Differences in phenotypes affected by various molecular changes produce different differentiation grade, histological subtype, clinical features and prognosis. TP53 as one of the most common molecular changes in HCC play an important role in cycle cell by controlling cell proliferation through DNA repair, apoptosis and cellular senescence, associates with several risk factors such as certain differentiation grade, histologic subtypes, and prognosis. This current study aimed to investigate p53 expression at HCC’s differentiation grade, tumor pathology stage and histologic subtype.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Anatomical Pathology FKUI / RSCM, Jakarta on 41 cases of resected HCC. Case samples are classified based on groups of differentiation grade (WHO), histologic subtypes and tumour pathology stage. Furthermore immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of protein 53 (p53) carry out in all cases and an analysis statistic was performed to evaluated the expression of p53.

Results: p53 expression was found in 35 cases (85%). Based on the differentiation grade, the expression of p53 was found mostly in the moderate and poor differentiation (91%, 21 cases and 93%, 14 cases). Based on tumour pathology stage, p53 expression was found mostly in pT1b and pT2, which were 8 and 14 cases (88% and 93%). Based on histologic subtypes, all macrotrabecullar massive (MTM) cases showed p53 expression (4 cases, 100%), clear cell (CC) subtypes were in 15 cases (93%), classic (CL) 16 cases (88%) and negative expression was found in all cases of steatohepatitic (SH). There were significant differences in mean expression of p53 in the well and moderate groups (p = 0.011), well and poor (p = 0.015) and there were no significant mean differences between the moderate and poor groups (p = 0.339). There were no significant mean differences in p53 expression in all groups of tumour pathology stages (p = 0.948) and histologic subtypes (p = 0.076).

Conclusion: There is significant difference mean of p53 expression in well and moderate as well as well and poor differentiation."

"Latar Belakang: Kanker mulut, khususnya karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM), sering ditemukan di Asia, termasuk Indonesia, terutama pada pria usia lanjut dengan lokasi utama di lidah. Prognosis pasien sangat bergantung pada deteksi dini. Biopsi dan pemeriksaan histopatologis menggunakan pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin (H&E) merupakan metode utama, salah satunya penilaian derajat diferensiasi jaringan. Namun, diperlukan tambahan parameter seperti derajat keratinisasi dan reaksi desmoplastik untuk penilaian yang lebih objektif. Selain itu juga, dapat melihat perubahan jaringan dengan melihat daerah yang bersifat displastik. Tujuan: Menentukan derajat diferensiasi jaringan KSSRM berdasarkan derajat keratinisasi dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik serta pengamatan perubahan sifat jaringan. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diwarnai H&E dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil: Belum ditemukan hubungan bermakna (p>0,05) antara usia, jenis kelamin, lokasi tumor, derajat keratinisasi, dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik terhadap derajat diferensiasi. Perubahan jaringan displastik menjadi cancerous dapat diamati pada beberapa sampel. Kesimpulan: Usia, jenis kelamin, lokasi tumor, derajat keratinisasi, dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik belum menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Perubahan jaringan yang bersifat displastik menjadi cancerous dapat diamati pada beberapa jaringan KSSRM dengan masih terlihatnya daerah displastik.

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Background: Oral cancer, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is commonly found in Asia, including Indonesia, especially in older males with the primary site being the tongue. Patient prognosis heavily depends on early detection. Biopsy and histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining remain the main diagnostic methods, including the assessment of tissue differentiation grade. However, additional parameters, such as the degree of keratinization and desmoplastic reaction, are needed for more objective evaluation. In addition, tissue changes can be seen by looking at dysplastic areas. Objective: To determine the differentiation grade of OSCC tissue based on the degree of keratinization and desmoplastic reaction and observation of changes in tissue properties. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study using OSCC tissue samples stained with H&E and observed under a light microscope. Results: No significant relationship (p>0.05) was found between age, gender, tumor location, degree of keratinization, and desmoplastic reaction with the differentiation grade. Dysplastic-to-cancerous transformation was observed in some samples. Conclusion: Age, gender, tumor location, degree of keratinization, and desmoplastic reaction did not show a significant relationship with the differentiation grade of OSCC. Changes in tissue from dysplastic to cancerous in several OSCC tissue were still seen."

"Latar Belakang: Kanker mulut, khususnya karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM), sering ditemukan di Asia, termasuk Indonesia, terutama pada pria usia lanjut dengan lokasi utama di lidah. Prognosis pasien sangat bergantung pada deteksi dini. Biopsi dan pemeriksaan histopatologis menggunakan pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin (H&E) merupakan metode utama, salah satunya penilaian derajat diferensiasi jaringan. Namun, diperlukan tambahan parameter seperti derajat keratinisasi dan reaksi desmoplastik untuk penilaian yang lebih objektif. Selain itu juga, dapat melihat perubahan jaringan dengan melihat daerah yang bersifat displastik. Tujuan: Menentukan derajat diferensiasi jaringan KSSRM berdasarkan derajat keratinisasi dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik serta pengamatan perubahan sifat jaringan. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diwarnai H&E dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil: Belum ditemukan hubungan bermakna (p>0,05) antara usia, jenis kelamin, lokasi tumor, derajat keratinisasi, dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik terhadap derajat diferensiasi. Perubahan jaringan displastik menjadi cancerous dapat diamati pada beberapa sampel. Kesimpulan: Usia, jenis kelamin, lokasi tumor, derajat keratinisasi, dan klasifikasi reaksi desmoplastik belum menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Perubahan jaringan yang bersifat displastik menjadi cancerous dapat diamati pada beberapa jaringan KSSRM dengan masih terlihatnya daerah displastik.

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Background: Oral cancer, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is commonly found in Asia, including Indonesia, especially in older males with the primary site being the tongue. Patient prognosis heavily depends on early detection. Biopsy and histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining remain the main diagnostic methods, including the assessment of tissue differentiation grade. However, additional parameters, such as the degree of keratinization and desmoplastic reaction, are needed for more objective evaluation. In addition, tissue changes can be seen by looking at dysplastic areas. Objective: To determine the differentiation grade of OSCC tissue based on the degree of keratinization and desmoplastic reaction and observation of changes in tissue properties. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study using OSCC tissue samples stained with H&E and observed under a light microscope. Results: No significant relationship (p>0.05) was found between age, gender, tumor location, degree of keratinization, and desmoplastic reaction with the differentiation grade. Dysplastic-to-cancerous transformation was observed in some samples. Conclusion: Age, gender, tumor location, degree of keratinization, and desmoplastic reaction did not show a significant relationship with the differentiation grade of OSCC. Changes in tissue from dysplastic to cancerous in several OSCC tissue were still seen."

"Latar Belakang : Karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM) memiliki insidensi yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia. KSSRM memiliki faktor risiko yang sangat beragam, di antaranya konsumsi produk tembakau, kebiasaan minum minuman beralkohol, konsumsi areca nut, faktor genetik, lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Biopsi dan pemeriksaan histopatologis dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin masih menjadi gold standard dalam diagnosis definitif KSSRM. Derajat diferensiasi KSSRM umum digunakan sebagai kriteria untuk mengklasifikasi keparahan jaringan kanker. Namun, diperlukan gambaran histopatologis lain yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Pleomorfisme nuklear mengacu pada variasi ukuran dan bentuk inti sel. Peningkatan pleomorfisme nuklear telah diasosiasikan dengan peningkatan keganasan dan metastasis kanker. Jumlah mitosis atau jumlah sel yang sedang mengalami pembelahan, telah dihubungkan dengan keganasan, prognosis yang buruk, dan metastasis pada KSSRM. Infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik didefinisikan sebagai fenomena invasi sel-sel inflamasi seperti limfosit dan plasma pada daerah peritumoral sebagai respons imun tubuh terhadap sel kanker. Penurunan infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik telah diamati memiliki hubungan dengan terjadinya metastasis nodus limfa, rekurensi, dan prognosis yang buruk. Analisis hubungan derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik perlu dilakukan untuk menyusun strategi perawatan yang lebih komprehensif sesuai dengan karakteristik derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik pasien. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat keparahan KSSRM berdasarkan derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitiknya. Metode : Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diberi pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin. Sampel tersebut diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil : Derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis memiliki hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Hasil yang berkorelasi positif terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM juga teramati pada derajat pleomorfisme nuklear (r=0,584) dan jumlah mitosis (r=0,675). Belum ditemukan hubungan bermakna (p>0,05) antara tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik dan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Belum ditemukan pula hubungan yang bermakna antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Kesimpulan : Ditemukan hubungan antara derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Sehingga, makin tingginya derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis akan memperburuk derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Namun, belum ditemukan hubungan antara tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Hubungan bermakna juga belum ditemukan antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM.

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Indonesia. OSCC has various risk factors, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, areca nut use, genetic factor, tumor location, gender, and age. Biopsy and histopathological examination with hematoxylin-eosin staining remain the gold standard for diagnosing OSCC. Thus, the histopathological evaluation of OSCC is critical for determining prognosis and appropriate management. The degree of differentiation of OSCC is commonly used as a criterion for classifying the severity of cancer tissue. However, other histopathological features are needed to determine the degree of differentiation in OSCC. Nuclear pleomorphism refers to variations in the size and shape of cell nuclei. Increased nuclear pleomorphism has been associated with higher malignancy and cancer metastasis. The number of mitoses, reflecting the number of cells undergoing division, has been linked to malignancy, poor prognosis, and metastasis in OSCC cases. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is defined as invasion by inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and plasma cells as part of the body's immune response to cancer cells. A decrease in lymphoplasmacytic infiltration has been observed to correlate with lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and poor prognosis. Analyzing the relationship between the degree of nuclear pleomorphism, the number of mitosis, and the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is necessary to develop more comprehensive treatment strategies tailored to the characteristics of nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic count, and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in OSCC patients. Objective: This study aims to analyze the severity of OSCC based on the degree of nuclear pleomorphism, number of mitosis, and the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted using OSCC tissue samples stained with hematoxylin-eosin. These samples were observed under a light microscope. Results: The degree of nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic count showed a significant relationship (p<0.05) with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Positive correlations for nuclear pleomorphism (r=0.584) and mitotic count (r=0.675) with OSCC degree of differentiation. No significant relationship was found (p>0,05) between the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and the OSCC degree of differentiation. Additionally, no significant associations were found between tumor location, gender, and age with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Conclusion: An association was found between the degree of nuclear pleomorphism and number of mitosis with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Thus, higher degree of nuclear pleomorphism and number of mitosis worsen the OSCC degree of differentiation. However, no significant relationship was observed between the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and the OSCC degree of differentiation. Similarly, no significant associations were found between tumor location, gender, and age with the OSCC degree of differentiation."

"Latar Belakang: Karsinoma sel hati (KSH) adalah lesi neoplastik ganas pada hati tersering. Transformasi keganasan sel hati normal menjadi KSH melibatkan berbagai faktor seperti inflamasi dan perubahan genetik yang menyebabkan KSH menjadi sangat heterogen pada tingkat histologik dan molekular. Perbedaan fenotipe yang dipengaruhi berbagai perubahan molekular menghasilkan berbagai derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik dan gambaran klinik yang berbeda dan sebagian berhubungan dengan prognosis pada KSH. Mutasi pada gen TP53 yang berfungsi menontrol proliferasi sel melalui perbaikan DNA, apoptosis, dan penuaan sel terbukti sebagai salah satu perubahan molekular tersering pada KSH dan sering dikaitkan dengan beberapa faktor risiko, derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik tertentu dan prognosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi ekspresi p53 pada derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik dan stadium patologi tumor KSH.Bahan dan cara: Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM, Jakarta terhadap 41 kasus KSH yang diperoleh seara reseksi. Sampel kasus diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kelompok derajat diferensiasi (WHO), subtipe histologik dan stadium patologi tumor. Selanjutnya dilakukan pulasan imunohistokimia (IHK) protein 53 (p53) pada seluruh kasus dan dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui ekspresi p53 pada variabel penelitian.Hasil: Ekspresi p53 ditemukan pada 35 kasus (85%). Berdasarkan derajat diferensiasi, ekspresi p53 ditemukan paling banyak pada derajat diferensiasi sedang dan buruk, yaitu 21 dan 14 kasus (91% dan 93%). Ekspresi p53 berdasarkan stadium patologi tumor ditemukan paling banyak pada pT1b dan pT2, yaitu 8 dan 14 kasus ( 88% dan 93%). Berdasarkan subtipe histologik, seluruh kasus macrotrabecular massive (MTM) menunjukkan ekspresi p53 (4 kasus, 100%), subtipe clear cell (CC) terpulas pada 15 kasus (93%), klasik (CL) ditemukan 16 kasus (88%) dan tidak ditemukan ekspresi p53 pada seluruh kasus steatohepatitic (SH). Terdapat perbedaan rerata bermakna ekspresi p53 pada kelompok baik dan sedang (p=0,011), baik dan buruk (p=0,015) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata bermakna antara kelompok sedang dan buruk (p=0,339). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan rerata bermakna ekspresi p53 pada seluruh kelompok stadium patologi tumor (p=0,948) dan subtipe histologik (p=0,076).Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna ekspresi p53 pada KSH kelompok diferensiasi baik dan sedang serta baik dan buruk.

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Background: Hepatocellular cell carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant neoplastic lesion of the liver. Malignant transformation of hepatocytes involves various factors such as inflammation and genetic causing HCC to be very heterogeneous at the histological and molecular level. Differences in phenotypes affected by various molecular changes produce different differentiation grade, histological subtype, clinical features and prognosis. TP53 as one of the most common molecular changes in HCC play an important role in cycle cell by controlling cell proliferation through DNA repair, apoptosis and cellular senescence, associates with several risk factors such as certain differentiation grade, histologic subtypes, and prognosis. This current study aimed to investigate p53 expression at HCC’s differentiation grade, tumor pathology stage and histologic subtype.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Anatomical Pathology FKUI / RSCM, Jakarta on 41 cases of resected HCC. Case samples are classified based on groups of differentiation grade (WHO), histologic subtypes and tumour pathology stage. Furthermore immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of protein 53 (p53) carry out in all cases and an analysis statistic was performed to evaluated the expression of p53.

Results: p53 expression was found in 35 cases (85%). Based on the differentiation grade, the expression of p53 was found mostly in the moderate and poor differentiation (91%, 21 cases and 93%, 14 cases). Based on tumour pathology stage, p53 expression was found mostly in pT1b and pT2, which were 8 and 14 cases (88% and 93%). Based on histologic subtypes, all macrotrabecullar massive (MTM) cases showed p53 expression (4 cases, 100%), clear cell (CC) subtypes were in 15 cases (93%), classic (CL) 16 cases (88%) and negative expression was found in all cases of steatohepatitic (SH). There were significant differences in mean expression of p53 in the well and moderate groups (p = 0.011), well and poor (p = 0.015) and there were no significant mean differences between the moderate and poor groups (p = 0.339). There were no significant mean differences in p53 expression in all groups of tumour pathology stages (p = 0.948) and histologic subtypes (p = 0.076).

Conclusion: There is significant difference mean of p53 expression in well and moderate as well as well and poor differentiation."