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"Kapang endofit diketahui mampu menghasilkan metabolit sekunderyang beraktivitas biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh isolat kapangendofit dari akar, daun Garcinia nigrolineata Planch. serta batang Garciniacelebica L. kemudian menguji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak hasil fermentasidan supernatannya. Dari 23 isolat kapang endofit yang berhasil diisolasi, 10isolat yang berbeda secara makroskopik diambil untuk difermentasimenggunakan medium PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) dan PDY (PotatoDextrose Yeast). Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metodeDPPH (1,1,-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Dari uji pendahuluan, didapat 2 isolatyang menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dan hasil pengujian denganspektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukkan isolat D1N2 (n-BuOH, PDY) memilikiaktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 41,61 μg/mL, sedangIC50 vitamin C adalah 3,6 μg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat dikatakanbahwa isolat D1N2 (n-BuOH, PDY) memiliki aktivitas yang baik sebagaiantioksidan. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah kapang endofit dari akar dandaun Garcinia nigrolineata Planch. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan."

"Garcinia griffithii and Garcinia cowa belong to the genus Garcinia. The genus Garcinia has been known to be a richsource of secondary metabolites, such as xanthones, benzophenones, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and other phenolicderivatives. Previous investigations of endophytic fungi from G. griffithii revealed the presence of three compounds notfound in the host. In order to the continue the phytochemical work on endophytic fungi of G. griffithii, the constituent ofthe endophytic fungi of G. griffithii was re-examined. In this study, a benzoyl compound similar to that found in theendophytic fungus of G. cowa was observed. The same benzoyl compound was also isolated from the endophyticfungus Acremonium sp of G. griffithii and Aspergillus sp of G. cowa with cultivation of eight weeks in static conditionsat room temperature. The culture medium was partitioned using ethyl acetate and evaporated to obtain the concentratedextract. Isolation of compounds was performed using the chromatography method. The chemical structure wasproposed on the basis of spectroscopic data, including ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), protonnuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), heteronuclear single-quantumcorrelation spectroscopy (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy (HMBC), and correlationspectroscopy (COSY).Suatu Senyawa Benzoil Baru Hasil Isolasi dari Jamur Endofit Tumbuhan Kandis Gajah (Garcinia griffithii) danAsam Kandis (Garcinia cowa). Tumbuhan Garcinia griffithii dan Garcinia cowa termasuk ke dalam genus Garcinia.Genus Garcinia dikenal kaya dengan kandungan metabolit sekunder, seperti santon, benzofenon, flavonoid, steroid,terpenoid, dan turunan fenolik lainnya. Penelitian sebelumnya terhadap jamur endofit dari G. griffithii telah menemukantiga senyawa yang tidak ditemukan dalam tumbuhan inangnya. Sebagai lanjutan dari penelitian fitokimia mengenaijamur endofitik tumbuhan G. griffithii, kandungan kimia dari jamur endofitik ini kembali diteliti. Dalam studi ini, jugadiperoleh senyawa benzoil yang sama dengan yang ditemukan dalam jamur endofit tumbuhan G. Cowa. Senyawabenzoil yang sama juga dapat diisolasi dari jamur Acremonium sp tumbuhan G. griffithii dan dari jamur Aspergillus sptumbuhan G. cowa dengan masa kultivasi delapan minggu dalam kondisi statis pada suhu kamar. Medium kulturdipartisi menggunakan etil asetat dan dievaporasi untuk mendapatkan ekstrak pekatnya. Isolasi senyawa dilakukandengan metode kromatografi. Struktur kimia diusulkan berdasarkan data spektroskopi yang meliputi ultraviolet (UV),infrared (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon nuclear magneticresonance (13C-NMR), heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple-bondcorrelation spectroscopy (HMBC), dan correlation spectroscopy (COSY)."

"Fusarium verticillioides is the causal agent of ear, stalk and root rot of maize that results in the severe reduction in yields and quality of infected products. Endophytic fungi have been purported as potential candidates in controlling pathogens since they are considered strong plant mutualists that confer disease resilience to their host. The present study was carried out to determine the in vitro antagonistic activity and biocontrol potential of endophytic Aspergillus spp. associated with P. amboinicus leaves against F. verticillioides. Three fungal endophytes from the genus Aspergillus were isolated and identified from the leaves of P. amboinicus, namely A. flavus, A. terreus and A. niger. The fungal isolates were tested for antagonism against F. verticillioides in dual culture plates. Results indicate that the Aspergillus endophytes can restrict growth of F. verticillioides and employ varying mechanisms of antagonism. A. niger inhibited F. verticillioides by 47.37%, followed by A. flavus (41.02%) and A. terreus (27.91%) respectively. Observations of dual culture plates revealed that A. flavus and A. niger antagonized the pathogen via overgrowth mechanism while A. terreus employed antibiosis to restrict the growth of F. verticillioides. The varying degrees of antagonism exhibited by the Aspergillus endophytes show their potential as biocontrol agents and source of bioactive compounds"

"ABSTRACTJamur endofitik Chrisonilia sitophila, Acremonium sp., dan Penicillium sp. telah diisolasi dari jaringanranting tumbuhan kandis gajah. Ketiga strainkapang tersebut ditumbuhkan dalam 3 l mediumpotato dextrose broth(PDB) pada temperatur kamar selama 28 hari. Masing-masing biakan disaring untuk memisahkan miselium dandilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi dan evaporasi. Semua ekstrak dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan berdasarkan aktivitasperedaman radikal bebas 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). EkstrakAcremonium sp. memiliki aktivitas yang kuatdengan nilai IC50 10,3μ g/ml yaitu setara dengan aktivitas asam askorbat dengan nilai IC50 9,8μ g/ml. Ekstrak aktifselanjutnya dikromatografi kolom dan diteruskan dengan rekromatografi hingga diperoleh senyawa antioksidan murniberupa minyak bewarna kuning. Struktur molekul ditentukan berdasarkan data spektroskopi yang meliputi 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, dan COSY. Senyawa hasil isolasi adalah golongan seskuiterpen yaitu 3,5-dihidroksi-2,5-dimetiltrideka-2,9,11-triena-,8-dion.

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AbstractThe endophytic fungi Chrisonilia sitophila, Acremonium sp., andPenicillium sp. have been isolated from the tissues ofthe twigs of kandis gajah. The fungal strains were grown in 3 l potato dextrose broth medium (PDB) at room temperature for 28 days. To extract the antioxidant compounds, the cultures broth were filtered for mycelia removal followed by extraction and evaporation. All of the extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activities by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavengingactivity. The extract of Acremonium sp. had strong activity withIC50 value of 10.3μ g/ml, which is equivalent to ascorbic acid activity with IC50 value of 9.8μ g/ml. The extract was subjected to column chromatography on Si gel twice to obtain a high purity antioxidant compound in the form of yellow oil. The molecular structure was determined based on spectroscopic data, including 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and COSY. The compound was determined as sesquiterpene 3,5-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyltrideca-2,9,11-triene-4,8-dione."

"The endophytic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the tissues of the fruits of Garcinia griffithii. The fungal strain was identified from the colony, and it was characteristic of cell morphol ogy. The ethyl acetate extracts derived from fungus cultures showed major spots on TLC under UV light, which was continued to the isolation of the secondary metabolites. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated on the basis of NMR analyses (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC and H-H COSY). The compounds were identified as: 4,6-dihydroxy, 3,8a-dimethyl-1-oxo-5-(3?-oxobutan-2?-yl)-1,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl-1?,2?-dimethyl-5?-(2??-methylprop-1??-enyl)cyclopentane-carboxylate."

"Diabets melitus merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia, oleh karena itu obat-obat bagi penderita diabetes terus dikembangkan. Salah satunya adalah obat-obat penghambat α-glukosidase yang dinilai memiliki efek samping yang lebih kecil dibanding obat anti diabetes oral dari golongan lain. Hal ini menyebabkan pencarian senyawa penghambat α-glukosidase dari bahan alam sering dilakukan, terutama senyawa yang berasal dari mikroorganisme. Kapang endofit merupakan salah satu mikroorganisme yang merupakan sumber senyawa metabolit aktif.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi kapang endofit dari daun Johar (Cassia siamea Lamk.) dan memperoleh hasil uji aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase dari hasil fermentasi kapang endofit sebagai daun C. siamea Lamk. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan isolasi kapang endofit dari daun C. siamea Lamk. yang telah terbukti melalui penelitian secara in vivo dapat mengontrol kadar gula darah tikus diabetes. Lima koloni kapang endofit berhasil diisolasi dari daun Johar, dan selanjunya setiap isolat difermentasi. Hasil fermentasi diekstraksi dengan pelarut etil asetat dan metanol. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh sembilan ekstrak yang memiliki aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase lebih baik dari akarbose dengan nilai IC50 terkecil sebesar 28,40 ppm.

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Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in Indonesia. Thus, medications for this disease keep going to develop, which one of them is α-glucosidase inhibitor known for their fewer side effects than other antidiabetic oral drugs. Moreover, searching of α-glucosidase inhibitor from natural compound was recently done by many scientists to find the new active compounds. Endophytic fungi have great potential as a source of α-glucosidase inhibitory compounds.This research aims to isolate the endophytic fungi from Johar leaves and to obtain the results of α-glucosidase inhibition assay from fermentation culture of endophytic fungi from Cassia siamea Lamk. On this research, we isolated the endophytic fungi from leaves of Cassia siamea Lamk., proven through in vivo studies, are able to control the blood glucose level of diabetic rats. We successfully isolated five endophytic fungi colonies, and then each isolate was fermented and extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol solvent. Nine extracts showed better α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than acarbose with the smallest 50 value was 28.40 ppm."