Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Penentuan kebutuhan nutrisi secara tepat pada anak sakit kritis perlu dilakukan untuk menghindari underfeeding dan overfeeding. Rumus estimasi menjadi dasar perkiraan kebutuhan energi jika kalorimetri indirek sebagai baku emas tidak tersedia. Akurasi rumus pada studi terdahulu sangat bervariasi dan dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik populasi setempat, sehingga akurasinya perlu diuji pada populasi Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi akurasi rumus Schofield WH, Schofield W, dan WHO dibandingkan kalorimetri indirek, serta mengevaluasi dampak penambahan faktor stres terhadap akurasi. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik potong lintang ini mengikutsertakan pasien anak yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik Mei sampai Juli 2019. Analisis kesesuaian dilakukan dengan membandingkan perhitungan rumus Schofield WH, Schofield W, dan WHO, dengan dan tanpa faktor stres terhadap pengukuran kalorimetri indirek. Hasil: Penelitian mengikutsertakan 52 subjek pada hari perawatan 1-5 di PICU dengan median usia 5 tahun (1 bulan 10 hari hingga 17 tahun 9 bulan). Kebutuhan energi yang diukur kalorimetri indirek adalah 60,7 ± 23,5 Kkal/kg/hari. Estimasi rumus Schofield WH, Schofield W, dan WHO lebih rendah dari hasil pengukuran tersebut dengan %bias berturut-turut -13 ± 19, -15 ± 20, dan -16 ± 21. Nilai estimasi dan hasil pengukuran kalorimetri indirek berkorelasi kuat (intraclass correlation coefficient r > 0,9) namun interval kesesuaian (limit of agreement) dari %bias sangat lebar. Hanya 12 (23%) subjek yang memiliki nilai estimasi akurat sesuai dengan kalorimetri indirek. Pada populasi penelitian ini faktor stres meningkatkan akurasi rumus estimasi. Simpulan: Rumus Schofield WH, Schofield W, dan WHO tidak akurat sebagai estimasi kebutuhan energi anak sakit kritis. Hasil prediksi rumus tersebut lebih rendah dari kebutuhan aktual jika faktor stres tidak digunakan.

---

Background: Accurate estimation of energy expenditure in critically ill children is important to avoid underfeeding and overfeeding. Prediction formula helps to estimate energy expenditure when the gold standard indirect calorimetry is not available. Previous study on estimation accuracy yielded variable result in different population characteristics, therefore the accuracy of prediction formula in Indonesian population needs to be evaluated. Objective: To assess the accuracy of Schofield WH, Schofield W, and WHO formula compared to indirect calorimetry. To evaluate the impact of additional stress factor on the accuracy of prediction formula. Methods: This is a descriptive analytic cross-sectional study on mechanically ventilated critically ill children held in May-July 2019. We analyze the agreement of measured energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry and estimated energy expenditure calculated by Schofield WH, Schofield W, and WHO formula, with and without additional stress factor. Results: This study included 52 subjects with median age 5 years old (1 month 10 days -17 years 9 months) on day 0-5 after they were admitted to PICU. Mean measured energy expenditure was 60,7 ± 23,5 Kcal/kg/day. All estimated energy expenditure by Schofield WH, Schofield W, and WHO were lower than measured energy expenditure with % bias of -13 ± 19, -15 ± 20, and -16 ± 21, respectively. Estimated and measured value have strong correlation (intraclass correlation coefficient r > 0.9) but the limit of agreement interval is too wide. Only 12 (23%) subjects have accurate estimation of energy expenditure. In this population stress factor improves the accuracy of prediction formulas. Conclusion: Schofield WH, Schofield W, and WHO formula have poor accuracy in estimating energy expenditure in critically ill children. Without additional stress factor, the estimated value were lower than actual/measured energy expenditure

Abstrak :
The research aims to analyze the causality between energy expenditure and economic growth in Indonesia

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh variabel-variabel sosial ekonomi terhadap pengeluaran dan proporsi pengeluaran energi, listrik dan bensin rumah tangga di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data survei sosial ekonomi nasional Susenas tahun 2014. Hasil analisa deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pengeluaran energi rumah tangga Indonesia yaitu sebesar 9,17 persen dari total pengeluarannya dan pengeluaran energi rumah tangga masih didominasi oleh pengeluaran untuk listrik 29,61 dan bensin 47,79 . Hasil analisis regresi dengan metode ordinary least square OLS menemukan bahwa variabel sosial ekonomi mempengaruhi signifikan terhadap pengeluaran energi rumah tangga adalah kepemilikan mobil, motor dan AC. Pemerintah dapat mendorong rumah tangga untuk mengurangi pengeluaran energi dengan memperbaiki infrastruktur transportasi umum agar rumah tangga dapat meminimalisasi penggunaan kendaraan pribadi. Selain itu Pemerintah juga dapat mendorong industri elektronik untuk memproduksi barang elektronik hemat energi terutama AC.

---

This research analyzes the influence of socio economic variables on expenditure and proportion of expenditure spending on energy, electricity and gasoline household in Indonesia by using the national socio economic survey data Susenas in 2014. The results of the descriptive analysis shows that the average household energy expenditures Indonesia, amounting to 9.17 percent of the total energy expenditure and household expenditure is still dominated by spending on electricity 29.61 and gasoline 47.79 . Regression analysis by the method of ordinary least squares OLS found that socio economic variables affect significantly on household energy expenditure is the ownership of cars, motorcycles and air conditioner. The Governments can encourage households to reduce energy expenditures by improving public transport infrastructure so that households can minimize the use of private vehicles. In addition Governments can also encourage the electronics industry to manufacture energy efficient electronic goods, especially air conditioner.

Abstrak :
Banization is one of the causes of dietary changes creating dual form malnutrition. Susilowati (1997) discovered this condition occurred at national level and within households in East Jakarta. Lower energy expenditure and higher energy intake were predicted as potential risk of overweight, opposite to underweight status. This cross sectional survey aimed to explore the dietary intake and physical activity which resulted dual form malnutrition by comparing overweight mothers having underweight children and their normal counterparts. In this study, 81 pairs of mothers and their under fives were recruited for dietary intake, nutritional status and physical activity assessment and divided into two groups: the case group consisting of overweight or obese mothers with their underweight children, and the normal grove comprised of normal mothers with their normal children. Repeated 3 days.24-hour recall food intake of mothers and children, as well as physical activity of mothers but only one day of physical activity data for the children, were collected followed by ale day 24-hour recall plus observation from 08.00 to 16.00 for activities of sub sample children. Mean energy and macronutrients intake of the case mothers was higher than their normal peers, but there was no statistical significant difference between groups, which might be due to under reported energy intake. Estimated BMR and energy expenditure of the case mothers were significantly higher than their normal counterparts, though there was no difference in their PAL. Notorious energy balance was discovered after subtracting energy intake and expenditure, which might be due to under-reported energy intake. After adjustment by age and sex, statistical significant difference was found in energy intake and PAL. BMR and energy expenditure of the underweight children was lower significantly in contrasted to the others. Negative energy balance was discovered among the case children, opposite to positive energy balance of the normal peers. This research was part of a Multi-center study, Dietary Transition and Health in Asia.

Abstrak :
Tujuan : Mengetahui keadaan metabolisme penderita obesitas setelah menjalani diet rendah kalori seimbang selama 14 hari, dengan mengukur resting energy expenditure (REE) dan kadar T3 serum Tempat : Rumah Sakit Sumber Waras, Jakarta Barat Metodologi: Dilakukan penelitian pada 37 orang perempuan obes yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan serta bersedia mengikuti penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan studi quasi eksperimental pra dan pasca perlakuan. Setiap subjek menjalani diet rendah kalori seimbang 1000 kkal selama 14 hari. Pemeriksaan antropometri, REE dan kadar T3 serum dilakukan pada awal, hari ke 7 dan akhir perlakuan. REE diukur dengan kalorimetri tak langsung (REE ukur) dan dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Harris-Benedict (REE hitung). Hasil: Pada akhir perlakuan terjadi penurunan yang bermakna (p <0,05) pada berat badan, massa lemak, massa bebas lemak, REE ukur dan REE hitung masing-masing dari 71,22±8,63 kg menjadi 69,15±8,37 kg (penurunan 2,9%), dari 35,32J2,58% menjadi 33,94,58% (penurunan 1,38%), dari 45,96±4,89 kg menjadi 45,544,82 kg (penurunan 0,92%), dari 1815,0822,37 kkal menjadi 1718,97±269,50 kkal (penurunan 5,29%) dan dari 1428,07+84,02 kkal menjadi 1408,25 1,52 kkal (penurunan 1,39%). Penurunan kadar T3 serum yang bermakna terjadi pada hari ke 7 (p = 0,001), dari 0,9005±0,1530 ng/mL menjadi 0,836210,1611 mg/mL (penurunan 7,1%). Pada akhir penelitian, dibandingkan dengan hari ke 7, terjadi pertingkatan T3 yang tidak beramakna. Pada hari ke 7 terdapat korelasi positif bermakna (r = 0,349; p = 0,034) antara perubahan REE ukur dengan perubahan T3. Pada hari ke 15 terdapat korelasi positif bermakna (r = 0,401; p = 0,014) antara perubahan REE ukur dengan perubahan massa bebas lemak. Perubahan T3 pada hari ke 7 mempunyai korelasi positif bermakna (r = 0,385; p = 0,019) dengan perubahan berat badan pada minggu pertama dan dengan perubahan massa bebas lemak pada minggu pertama (r = 0,345; p = 0,036). Pads penurunan berat badan sebesar 2,9% terdapat penurunan REE ukur dan REE hitung masing-masing 5,29% dan 1,39%. Rata-rata REE ukur lebih besar 27% daripada REE hitung. Kesimpulan : Setelah terjadi penurunan berat badan dengan diet rendah kalori seimbang, penderita obesitas berada dalam kondisi hipometabolisme yang ditandai dengan penurunan RFE ukur, REE hitung dan kadar T3 serum.

---

Objective: to determine the metabolic state of obese females after treatment with balanced low-calorie diet for 14 days by measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) and serum T3 level as indicators. Location : Sumber Waras hospital , West Jakarta Methods : The study was carried out on 37 obese females who have been recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study is a quasi experimental study with a pre and posttest treatment design. Every subject received a balanced low-calorie diet (LCD) of 1000 kcal/day for 14 days. Antropometric measwrements, REE and serum T3 levels were examined at the beginning, at day 7 and at the end of study. REE were measured and calculated by indirect calorimetry (measured-REE) and using Harris-Benedict equation (calculated-REE) respectively. Result : Balanced LCD given for 14 days significantly (p <0.05) decreased body weight (BW) , fat mass, fat free mass, measured-REE and calculated-REE from 71.22±8.63 kg to 69.15±8.37 kg (decreased 2,9%), from 35.32.58% to 33.94±2.58% (1,38%), from 45.96±4.89 kg to 45.54±4.82 kg (0,92%), from 1815.0822.37 kcal to 1718.97±269.50 kcal (5,29%), and from 1428,.7±84.02 kcal to 1408.25±81.52 kcal (1,39%) respectively. There was a significant decrease (p = 0.001) in serum T3 leveI at day 7 from 0.9005±0.1530 ng/mL to 0.836210.1611 nglmL (decrease 7,1%). At the end of the study, serum T3 levels increased not significantly compared to day 7. At day 7, there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.349; p = 0.034) between the change in measured-REE and the change in serum T3 levels. At day 15, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.401; p = 0.014) was found between the change in measured-REE and the change in fat free mass. The changed of serum T3 levels at day 7 had significant positive correlation (r = 0,385; p = 0,019) with the changed of BW in the first week. The changed of serum T3 levels at day 7 had significant positive correlation (r = 0,345; p = 0,036) with the changed of fat free mass in the first week. After reduction of BW by 2.9%, there was a decrease of measured-REE and calculated-REE, 5.29% and 1.39%, respectively. The measured-REE was 27% higher than calculated-REE. Conclusion : Weight-reduced obese subjects with balanced LCD were in hypometabolic state indicated by a reduction in measured and calculated-REE, and serum T3 levels.