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"Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak guncangan harga energi terhadap kinerja 63 bank utama di negara-negara berkembang anggota BRICS+Indonesia selama periode 2004–2023. Dengan menggunakan berbagai teknik estimasi empiris, termasuk Fixed Effects, Random Effects, Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS), dan System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guncangan harga energi memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap kinerja sektor perbankan jika diukur melalui Return on Equity (ROE), namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return on Assets (ROA). Temuan ini tetap konsisten meskipun telah dikontrol dengan sejumlah variabel makroekonomi dan keuangan utama. Penelitian ini juga menambahkan variabel yang mencerminkan struktur keuangan nasional—yaitu rasio kapitalisasi pasar saham terhadap PDB, simpanan bank terhadap PDB, dan kredit domestik terhadap sektor swasta sebagai persentase dari PDB. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel tersebut secara signifikan memengaruhi ROE, sementara hanya variabel simpanan bank terhadap PDB yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa guncangan harga energi dapat memberikan dampak langsung terhadap profitabilitas sektor perbankan, khususnya melalui jalur struktur keuangan dan leverage modal. Mengingat peran sentral perbankan dalam menjaga stabilitas sistem keuangan dan mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi—terutama dalam konteks lonjakan harga energi global—penelitian ini memberikan implikasi penting bagi pembuat kebijakan, regulator, serta pelaku industri perbankan di negara-negara berkembang.

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This paper investigates the effects of energy price shocks on the performance of 63 major banks in BRICS+Indonesia emerging economies over the period 2004–2023. Using a comprehensive set of empirical techniques—including fixed effects, random effects, panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic least squares (DOLS), and system generalized method of moments (GMM)—the findings reveal that energy price shocks have a significant positive impact on bank performance when measured by return on equity (ROE), but no significant effect on return on assets (ROA). These results remain robust even after controlling for key macroeconomic and financial variables. This study also incorporates additional variables representing national financial structures—namely, Stock Market Capitalization to GDP, Bank Deposits to GDP, and Domestic Credit to Private Sector as a percentage of GDP. The results show that all three variables significantly affect ROE, while only Bank Deposits to GDP has a significant influence on ROA. These findings suggest that energy price shocks can directly influence banking profitability, particularly through mechanisms tied to financial structure and capital leverage. Given the pivotal role of banks in ensuring financial system stability and supporting economic development—especially amid rising global energy prices—this research provides meaningful insights for policymakers, regulators, and banking sector stakeholders across developing economies."

"Energi dan pangan memiliki peran yang penting dalam suatu negara. Kenaikan pada harga energi dan pangan memberikan dampak pada rumah tangga dan komoditas lain. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dampak guncangan harga energi dan pangan terhadap harga komoditas lain, biaya hidup rumah tangga serta perubahan tingkat kemiskinan dan ketimpangan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis dampak tersebut adalah model Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kenaikan harga pangan cenderung memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar daripada energi, baik pengaruh terhadap kenaikan harga lain ataupun terhadap biaya hidup rumah tangga dan kemiskinan.

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Energy and food has important roles in a country. The fluctuations of food price and energy price has great impact to other commoditiesand households. The goal of the study is to identify the energy and food price shocks of other commodity prices, the cost of living on household, the poverty and inequality in indonesia. This study use Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) model as a tool to analyze that impact. The research found that the rise in food prices tend to have more influence than energy on the commodity price andthe cost of living on household."

"Energy has moved to the forefront in terms of societal and economic development. Modern energy markets is a comprehensive, economically oriented, exploration of modern electricity networks from production and distribution to deregulation and liberalization processes. Updating previous work by the authors, different aspects are considered resulting in a complete and detailed picture of the systems and characteristics of modern electricity markets.Modern energy markets provides clear detail whilst encompassing a broad scope of topics and includes :1. A method to model energy production systems including the main characteristics of future demand side management,2. Different applications of this model in nuclear and renewable energy scenarios,3. An analysis of Real-Time Pricing of electricity and its potential effects across the market, and,4. A discussion of the need for regulation in an easily monopolized industry.Engineering and economics students alike will find that modern energy markets is a succinct and informative resource, as will researchers interested in environmental and energy issues. The inclusion of timely and relevant issues related to economic decision will also be of value to industry and civil officials."