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Abstrak :
The conclusion briefly evaluates some of the key accomplishments of the recent historic preservation movement. It also provides a synthesis that draws on the lessons of each of the chapters, sketching out some of the hurdles that remain and are likely to occupy the agendas of preservationists in the decades ahead. The development of the historic preservation movement is, in itself, evidence of our particular American culture, as it changes. All of the evidence strongly suggests, however, that this social campaign will continue and our legacy will extend to future generations.

Abstrak :
Abstract. The Indonesian government has attempted to increase the function of excise duty as the source of revenue and consumer goods controller by expanding excise-taxed goods on carbonated soft drinks. This research aimed to learn the background, the government?s effort, and the revenue potential of carbonated soft drinks. The result showed that the expanding of the goods are based on their nature and characteristics of excise-taxed goods?regulated in Law No. 39 of 2007 as goods whose consumption must be limited, whose distribution must be controlled, and whose usage produces a negative impact on the health of the people and the environment; as well as goods whose usage is taxed for the sake of justice. The efforts done by the government are to revise the Excise Law, to conduct a deep study and internal socialization, and to establish accountable human resources. It is hoped that eventually the implementation of excise duty on carbonated soft drinks would increase state revenue without at the same time neglecting programs of people?s health improvement.

Abstrak :
Prediksi mortalitas menjadi suatu aspek penting bagi sebuah perusahaan asuransi maupun perusahaan dana pensiun dalam menentukan premi yang sesuai, melihat kondisi risiko umur panjang yang kian meningkat. Berdasarkan Teori Transisi Demografis, terdapat hubungan antara tingkat mortalitas negara yang berbeda, sehingga patut untuk dipertimbangkan dalam melakukan prediksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis suatu bentuk pemodelan mortalitas antarnegara (multi-populasi) guna mengahasilkan prediksi yang lebih baik. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan pendekatan kredibilitas Bühlmann multidimensi. Multidimensi diambil dari gagasan untuk mempertimbangkan secara serentak beberapa kategori berbeda yang diobservasi untuk kemudian menghasilkan suatu informasi yang dibutuhkan. Penambahan kategori pada penelitian ini sendiri adalah penambahan sumber informasi, dimana data tingkat mortalitas diambil dari beberapa negara. Teori kredibilitas Bühlmann pada umumnya digunakan untuk memprediksi nilai dari suatu peubah acak pada satu periode yang akan datang. Dalam penelitian ini, prediksi untuk tahun-tahun berikutnya juga dilakukan, yaitu melalui dua strategi Expanding Window dan Moving Window. Untuk setiap prediksi periode berikutnya, masing-masing strategi ini menggunakan data yang berbeda. Expanding Window dan Moving Window menggunakan nilai hasil prediksi sebagai data tambahan untuk membangun model prediksi tahun berikutnya, namun Moving Window juga membuang data terlama. Parameter model diestimasi dengan pendekatan non-parametrik. Model ini kemudian diaplikasikan pada data mortalitas negara Jepang, Swedia dan Ceko. Pada akhir penelitian, performa dari masing-masing model dianalisis melalui ukuran galat Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) dan Average Mean Absolute Percentage Error (AMAPE). Hasil prediksi menunjukkan bahwa performa model kredibilitas Bühlmann multidimensi cukup baik dalam memodelkan mortalitas antarnegara. ......Mortality prediction is a crucial aspect for insurance and pension fund companies in deciding a suitable premium, by taking into consideration the inevitable risk of increasing life expectancy in a population. Based on the Demographic Transition Theory, there is a relation between countries mortality rates, which therefore ought to be considered in the prediction. The aim of this research is to discuss a cross-country (multi-population) mortality modeling in order to attain better mortality prediction. This modeling is based on multi-dimentional Buhlmann credibility approach. Multi-dimentional approach was derived from the idea to simultaneously observe several different categories that will produce the information needed. Additional categories in this research refer to mortality rates data taken from several countries. The BA¼hlmann credibility theory is generally used to predict the value of a random variable in a given period in the future. In this research, prediction for years to come was done using two strategies, Expanding Window and Moving Window. For every prediction in the upcoming period, both Expanding Window and Moving Window use prediction result value as an additional data to build upon the prediction model for the next year, however Moving Window also dismisses the oldest data. The model parameter is estimated with non-parametric approach. This model is then applied to the mortality data from Japan, Sweden, and Czech. Finally, each models performance is analyzed using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Average Mean Absolute Percentage Error (AMAPE). The result shows that the performance of the multi-dimensional BA¼hlmann credibility approach is satisfactory in modeling cross-country mortality rates.

Abstrak :
Memodelkan mortalitas merupakan hal yang penting bagi perusahaan asuransi maupun perusahaan dana pensiun dalam menentukan premi yang sesuai bagi perusahaan asuransi dan kontribusi yang sesuai bagi perusahaan dana pensiun. Pada skripsi ini dijelaskan mengenai pendekatan kredibilitas Bühlmann untuk memodelkan mortalitas. Model kredibilitas Bühlmann umumnya digunakan untuk memprediksi nilai dari suatu peubah acak pada satu periode yang akan datang. Dalam memprediksi nilai dari suatu peubah acak pada dua atau lebih periode yang akan datang, dibutuhkan suatu pendekatan. Pada penelitian ini, diperkenalkan suatu pendekatan kredibilitas Bühlmann yang dilakukan melalui 2 strategi, yaitu strategi expanding window dan strategi moving window. Strategi expanding window dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan nilai hasil prediksi ke dalam data untuk menghasilkan nilai prediksi di tahun berikutnya sedangkan strategi moving window dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan nilai hasil prediksi ke dalam data dan membuang data terlama untuk menghasilkan nilai prediksi di tahun berikutnya. Parameter pada pendekatan kredibilitas Bühlmann diestimasi melalui pendekatan nonparametrik. Performa prediksi mortalitas dari pendekatan kredibilitas Bühlmann dianalisis dengan cara membandingkan nilai AMAPE, AAMAPE, dan reduction ratio dari pendekatan kredibilitas Bühlmann terhadap model Lee-Carter. Dari penelitian ini, diperoleh bahwa pendekatan kredibilitas Bühlmann menghasilkan prediksi mortalitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan model Lee-Carter pada kasus data mortalitas Australia ......Modeling mortality is an important thing for insurance company and pension fund company in determining the appropriate premium for insurance company and appropriate contribution for pension fund company. This thesis explains the Bühlmann credibility approach for modeling mortality. Bühlmann's credibility model is generally used to predict the value of a random variable in the next future period. In predicting the value of a random variable in the next two or more future periods, an approach is needed. In this study, the Bühlmann credibility approach is done through 2 strategies, namely the expanding window strategy and the moving window strategy. The expanding window strategy is done by adding the predicted value to the data to produce a predicted value in the following year while the moving window strategy is done by adding the predicted value to the data and discarding the oldest data to produce a predicted value in the following year. The parameters of the Bühlmann credibility approach are estimated through the nonparametric approach. Mortality prediction performances from the Bühlmann credibility approach are being analyzed by comparing the values of AMAPE, AAMAPE, and the reduction ratio of the Bühlmann credibility approach to the Lee-Carter model. From this study, it was found that the Bühlmann credibility approach produced better mortality predictions compared to the Lee-Carter model in the case of Australian mortality data.

Abstrak :
Model mortalitas merupakan aspek penting dalam menentukan premi untuk perusahaan asuransi jiwa ataupun dana pensiun. Model mortalitas untuk populasi tunggal umumnya mengasumsikan independensi mortalitas antar populasi. Pada tugas akhir ini akan dibahas model prediksi mortalitas yang mengasumsikan dependensi mortalitas antar populasi untuk memodelkan mortalitas multi-populasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah model kredibilitas hierarki untuk memprediksi mortalitas beberapa negara (multi-populasi). Secara sederhana, model kredibilitas Bühlmann memprediksi nilai dari suatu peubah acak di satu periode yang akan datang. Model kredibilitas hierarki adalah generalisasi dari model kredibilitas Bühlmann dan model kredibilitas Bühlmann-Straub dengan struktur pohon hierarki empat tingkat atau lebih. Pada tulisan ini diterapkan struktur pohon hierarki 5 tingkat yang terdiri dari multi-negara, negara, jenis kelamin, usia, dan tahun. Untuk memprediksi nilai dari peubah acak yang menyatakan tingkat perubahan nilai logaritma natural dari central death rate di periode-periode berikutnya, digunakan dua strategi, yaitu Expanding Window dan Moving Window. Kedua strategi memanfaatkan data prediksi terbaru sebagai data yang digunakan untuk memprediksi tahun berikutnya, namun strategi Moving Window menghilangkan data terlama. Parameter dari model yang digunakan akan diestimasi menggunakan pendekatan non-parametrik. Data yang digunakan untuk penerapan model adalah data mortalitas dari Norwegia, Kanada dan Jepang. Pada akhir tulisan, performa dari model prediksi mortalitas dengan pendekatan model kredibilitas hierarki dibandingkan terhadap model Lee-Carter menggunakan nilai AMAPE (Average of Mean Absolute Percentage Error) dan RR (Reduction Ratio). Berdasarkan hasil prediksi pada tugas akhir ini, pendekatan kredibilitas hierarki memiliki performa yang lebih baik dibanding model Lee-Carter dalam memprediksi mortalitas multi-populasi. ......Mortality model is an important aspect in determining premium for life insurance company and pension fund company. Generally, mortality model for single population assumes independence between mortality of population. This thesis discusses mortality model that assumes dependence between mortality of population to model multipopulation mortality. Hierarchical credibility model is the approach used to forecast mortality of multi-country (multi-population) in this writing. Bühlmann credibility model predicts the value of a random variable in the future. Hierarchical credibility model is the generalization of Bühlmann credibility model and Bühlmann-Straub credibility model with a tree structure of four or more levels. This thesis applies a five-level tree structure consisting of multi-country, country, gender, age, and year. To predict the random variable of the yearly decrement of the logarithm of central death rate over the following periods, two strategies are adopted, which are Expanding Window and Moving Window. Both strategies utilize the newest predicted data as a part of the data used to predict the next period, however Moving Window removes the oldest data. The parameters used will be estimated using the nonparametric approach. Application of the model is applied to mortality data of Norway, Canada and Japan. In the end of this thesis, mortality model forecasting performance of hierarchical credibility approach is compared with Lee-Carter model based on the values of AMAPE (Average of Mean Absolute Percentage Error) and RR (Reduction Ratio). In accordance with the prediction results from this writing, the hierarchical credibility approach yields better performance than the Lee-Carter model in forecasting multi-population mortality.

Abstrak :
Ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia dengan gambaran yang parah dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi akut dan berisiko menetap dalam jangka panjang bagi wanita dan bayinya. Perjalanan klinis preeklampsia dengan gambaran berat ditandai dengan kemunduran progresif kondisi ibu dan janin. Pendekatan dengan teori Newman “health as expanding consciousness”, disini perawat hadir untuk klien pada titik pilihan kritis dalam hidup mereka dan berpartisipasi dengan mereka dalam proses perluasan kesadaran melalui proses keperawatan. Perawat memfasilitasi wawasan klien melalui berbagi proses pengenalan pola dalam bentuk pemberian proses keperawatan. Selama proses keperawatan, perawat hadir dalam merawat kesejahteraan biologis, psikologis, sosial dan spiritual pasien, sehingga melalui fokus caring Swanson ini yang berfokus pada “maintaining belief”, “being with”, “doing for” dan “enabling”. Uji coba evidence-based practice nursing (EBNP) dengan menggunakan teknik diaphragm breathing menjadi bagian dari proses keperawatan. Alat ukur atau tool yang digunakan untuk mengukur kecemasan ibu hamil adalah menggunakan PRAQ-R2. Hasil yang diterapkan oleh wanita hamil memiliki efek menguntungkan dalam menurunkan kecemasan ibu hamil dengan rata rata pre-test skor 38.6 menjadi 15.4 di post-test. .......Pregnant women with preeclampsia with severe features can cause acute complications and risk long-term persistence for the woman and her baby. The clinical course of preeclampsia with severe features is characterized by progressive deterioration of maternal and foetal condition. Approach to Newman's theory of "health as expanding consciousness", here nurses are present for clients at critical choice points in their lives and participate with them in the process of expanding awareness through the nursing process. The nurse facilitates client insight through sharing the pattern recognition process in the form of providing the nursing process. During the nursing process, nurses are present in caring for the biological, psychological, social and spiritual well-being of patients, so that through Swanson's caring focus which focuses on "maintaining belief", "being with", "doing for" and "enabling". Evidence-based practice nursing (EBNP) trials using the diaphragm breathing technique are part of the nursing process. Measuring instrument or tool used to measure the anxiety of pregnant women is using PRAQ- R2. The results applied by pregnant women have a beneficial effect in reducing the anxiety of pregnant women with an average pre-test score of 38.6 to 15.4 in the post-test.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of external magnetic field on unsteady incompressible flow of water based nanofluid through a successively expanding or contracting channel with porous walls. the basic governing equations with boundary conditions are non-dimensionalized using appropriate transformation to ordinary differential equations, which are then solved using power series with the help of Hermite-Padè approximation method. the instability of the flow is shown using bifurcation graph and the dominating singularity behavior numerically. the regular effects of the different governing physical parameters specifically Hartmann number, volume friction of nanoparticles, non-dimensional shear stress and permeation Reynolds number on velocity profiles are depicted graphically.