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"Makalah ini menyelidiki hubungan antara kepemilikan perusahaan keluarga dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan dengan koneksi politik sebagai variabel moderasi, serta menyelidiki dua negara berkembang dengan nilai demokrasi yang berbeda, yaitu India (lebih demokratis) dan Nigeria (lebih otoriter). Dengan menggunakan sampel 60 perusahaan, masing-masing 30 dari Bombay Stock Exchange dan Nigerian Group Exchange, kami mengumpulkan data mengenai kepemilikan saham perusahaan keluarga dan dewan direksi yang memiliki hubungan politik, serta menganalisis hubungan di antara keduanya dari tahun 2021 hingga 2022 menggunakan Database ORBIS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya korelasi negatif yang lemah antara kepemilikan perusahaan keluarga dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Selain itu, ditemukan pula hubungan negatif yang lemah antara dewan direksi yang memiliki hubungan politik dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Namun, semakin otoriter suatu negara, semakin besar kemungkinan perusahaan keluarga di negara tersebut menggunakan koneksi politik untuk mencapai kinerja keuangan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perusahaan keluarga di negara berkembang yang lebih demokratis.

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This paper examines the relationship between family firm ownership and firm financial performance, with political connections serving as a moderating variable, in two emerging countries with differing democratic scores: India (more democratic) and Nigeria (more authoritarian). Utilizing a sample of 60 firms, 30 from each country, sourced from the Bombay Stock Exchange and Nigerian Group Exchange, data on family firm shareholding and politically connected board members from 2021 to 2022 were analyzed using the ORBIS database. The findings reveal a weak negative correlation between family firm ownership and firm financial performance, as well as a weak negative relationship between politically connected boards and firm financial performance. Nonetheless, in more authoritarian countries, family firms are more likely to leverage higher political connections compared to their counterparts in democratic emerging countries to enhance financial performance."

"This book introduces readers to the main types of corporate sustainability practices. The first section examines both the ratings provided by international agencies and the various ESG (Environmental, Social and Government) indexes existing at 2021. In turn, the second part empirically investigates the relationship between the level of corporate sustainability and corporate financial performance among the large companies listed on the Milan Exchange FTSE-MIB 40 index for 2015-2019.The book offers a comprehensive overview of current sustainability concepts and practices and illustrates how various companies are seeking to integrate them in their competitive strategy. Further, it fills a gap in the extant literature by analysing the origins, historical evolution and structure of the main rating agencies and ESG indexes. In addition, the empirical analysis of corporate sustainability’s impact on companies’ financial performance reveals the importance of collegial leadership – a commonly found feature of Italian family businesses that has not been considered in previous studies – as a moderating factor for reconciling sustainability initiatives and performance at family-run firms."