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Alvin Nursalim
"ABSTRAK
Aim: to know the effectiveness of probiotic in reducing hepatic inflammation among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Methods: we performed literature searching regarding the potential role of probiotic in reducing hepatic inflammation among NAFLD patients. Results: six articles were finally critically appraised. All six studies had good validity and importance. These studies unanimously reported that probiotic is useful in reducing hepatic inflammation, and liver fat content. However, further evidence is needed to show whether or not probiotic is beneficial reducing cirrhosis progression and liver-related mortality. Conclusion: probiotic owns robust potential to treat NAFLD. Probiotic reduce hepatic inflammation, as shown by the reduction of liver aminotransferase, and inflammatory markers. Based on this evidence based report, probiotic is a promising adjunct therapy for NAFLD."
Jakarta: University of Indonesia. Faculty of Medicine, 2016
610 IJIM 48:4 (2016)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ignatius B. Prasetya
"Background: the risk of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is increasing in patients with type 2 diabetes. Prevalence and factors related to the increased risk of NAFLD in diabetic patients in Indonesia has never been studied before. Data regarding the profile of fibrosis in the population has also been unknown. This study aimed to identify the difference on the profile of diabetic patients with and without NAFLD as well as the degree of fibrosis.
Methods: the study was conducted using a cross sectional method in type 2 diabetic patients who were treated at the outpatient clinic of endocrinology and metabolic division in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Sampling was done consecutively. Collected data comprised of age, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, HDL, triglyceride, and HbA1C levels. Abdominal ultrasonography was conducted for all patients to determine the presence of NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD were subsequently underwent transient elastography in order to assess their degree of liver fibrosis. Chi-square or Fishers Exact tests were used for bivariate analysis and logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.
Results: as many as 186 patients were analyzed in the study and 84 patients (45.2%) were demonstrated to have NAFLD. Transient elastography examinations were carried out in 68 patients and 17 patients (25.0%) were found with severe fibrosis. Univariate analysis showed significant differences on BMI (PR=1.878; 95%CI= 1.296 2.721; p<0.001) and waist circumference (PR=2.368; 95%CI= 1.117 5.017; p=0.018) between patients with and without NAFLD. However, the multivariate test showed that BMI was the only factor that had a significance difference between both groups (OR=2.989; 95%CI=1.625-5.499; p<0.001).
Conclusion: prevalence of NAFLD among type 2 diabetic patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital has reached 45.2% and 25.0% among them had severe fibrosis. BMI is the only factor found to be associated with the occurrence of NAFLD."
Jakarta: University of Indonesia. Faculty of Medicine, 2017
616 UI-IJIM 49:2 (2017)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Guntur Darmawan
"ABSTRACT
Background: non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to be associated with some metabolic disorders. Recent studies suggested the role of uric acid in NAFLD through oxidative stress and inflammatory process. This study is aimed to evaluate the association between serum uric acid and NAFLD. Methods: a systematic literature review was conducted using Pubmed and Cochrane library. The quality of all studies was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). All data were analyzed using REVIEW MANAGER 5.3. Results: eleven studies from America and Asia involving 100,275 subjects were included. The pooled adjusted OR for NAFLD was 1.92 (95% CI: 1.66-2.23; p<0.00001). Subgroup analyses were done based on study design, gender, non-diabetic subjects, non-obese subjects. All subgroup analyses showed statistically significant adjusted OR and most of which having low to moderate heterogeneity. Two studies revealed relationship between increased serum uric acid levels and severity of NAFLD. No publication bias was observed. Conclusion: our study demonstrated association between serum uric acid level and NAFLD. This finding brings a new insight of uric acid in clinical practice. Increased in serum uric acid levels might serve as a trigger for physician to screen for NAFLD."
Jakarta: University of Indonesia. Faculty of Medicine, 2017
616 UI-IJIM 49:2 (2017)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nico Gandha
"Latar belakang: Psoriasis adalah suatu penyakit inflamasi kulit yang kronik, ditandai oleh plak eritematosa dan skuama kasar berlapis. Psoriasis dihubungkan dengan berbagai penyakit penyerta. Penyakit perlemakan hati nonalkoholik (PPHNA) merupakan salah satu penyakit penyerta yang sering ditemukan dan dapat memengaruhi derajat keparahan psoriasis, begitu pula sebaliknya. Penelitian untuk mengetahui korelasi derajat keparahan psoriasis dan perlemakan hati nonalkoholik (PHNA) belum pernah dilakukan.
Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi derajat keparahan psoriasis dan derajat PHNA.
Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan terhadap pasien psoriasis dewasa di Poliklinik Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan Desember 2017-Februari 2018. Dilakukan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisis untuk mendapatkan nilai derajat keparahan psoriasis (psoriasis area and severity index; PASI) dan dicatat pula nilai body surface area (BSA). Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan derajat PHNA pada semua pasien dengan menggunakan controlled attenuation parameter (CAP).
Hasil: Didapatkan total 36 subjek dengan rerata umur 49,08 tahun (+15,52 tahun). Proporsi psoriasis derajat ringan, sedang, dan berat berturut-turut adalah 50%, 27,8%, dan 22,2%. Median PASI 6,1 (2-38,4) dan median BSA 7,5 (2-93). Proporsi PPHNA berdasarkan CAP adalah 77,8%. Rerata skor CAP 250,03+45,64. Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik antara derajat keparahan psoriasis berdasarkan PASI dengan derajat PHNA berdasarkan CAP (r=0,258; p=0,128). Namun bila digunakan BSA pada penilaian derajat keparahan psoriasis, didapatkan hasil korelasi yang bermakna (r=0,382; p=0,021). Ditemukan bahwa indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan lingkar perut berkorelasi positif secara bermakna dengan skor CAP (berturut-turut r=0,448, p=0,006 dan r=0,485, p=0,003).
Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik antara derajat keparahan psoriasis berdasarkan PASI dengan derajat PHNA. Namun ditemukan korelasi yang bermakna antara derajat keparahan psoriasis berdasarkan BSA dengan derajat PHNA. Luas lesi kulit psoriasis berpengaruh terhadap derajat PHNA. Selain itu terdapat beberapa faktor, misalnya IMT dan lingkar perut, yang dapat memengaruhi derajat keparahan PHNA pada pasien psoriasis.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by erythematous plaques and thick scales. Psoriasis is associated with various comorbidities. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common comorbidities that can affect the severity of psoriasis, vice versa. Research regarding the correlation of the severity of psoriasis and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) has never been done.
Objective: To measure the correlation of the severity of psoriasis and the degree of NAFL. Methods: A cross-sectional study of adult patients with psoriasis was conducted in Dermatovenereology outpatient clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from December 2017 through February 2018. Psoriasis severity (psoriasis area and severity index; PASI) and body surface area (BSA) were recorded and compared with NAFL severity by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP).
Results: A total of 36 subjects were enrolled with an average age of 49.08 years (+15.52 years). The proportions of mild, moderate, and severe psoriasis were 50%, 27.8%, and 22.2%, respectively. Median PASI was 6.1 (2-38.4) and BSA was 7.5 (2-93). The proportion of NAFLD was 77.8%. The mean of CAP score was 250.03+45.64. There was no statistically significant correlation between the severity of psoriasis based on PASI and CAP score (r = 0.258; p = 0.128). However, based on BSA, we found significant correlation (r = 0.382; p = 0,021). The body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference were significantly correlated with CAP score (r = 0.448, p = 0.006 and r = 0.485, p = 0.003, respectively).
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation between the severity of psoriasis based on PASI and nonalcoholic fatty liver degree, but a statistically significant correlation was found when using BSA in measuring the severity of psoriasis. In psoriasis, the extent of skin lesions may be influential to the degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver. In addition there are several factors, such as BMI and abdominal circumference, which may affect the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver in psoriasis patients."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hikmat Pramukti
"Latar belakang : Seiring dengan semakin efektifnya terapi Antiretroviral (ARV) pasien HIV memiliki harapan hidup lebih lama, morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit HIV yang tidak berhubungan dengan Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome semakin meningkat. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) telah dikenali sebagai penyakit hati tersering yang mempengaruhi lebih dari seperempat jumlah populasi global dan jumlahnya semakin meningkat di Indonesia. Pasien yang terinfeksi HIV memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk terkena NAFLD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang prevalensi dan faktor yang berhubungan dengan NAFLD pada pasien HIV dalam pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) tanpa hepatitis viral kronis. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang melibatkan pasien HIV dalam pengobatan ARV tanpa koinfeksi virus hepatitis yang berobat di poliklinik Kelompok Studi Khusus (POKDISUS) Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. NAFLD didefinisikan sebagai perlemakan di jaringan hati yang dibuktikan oleh pemeriksaan imaging transient elastography dengan Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) setidaknya 238 dB/m. Perkiraan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan NAFLD dianalisis dengan regresi logistik bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini secara keseluruhan didapatkan 105 subyek pasien HIV yang direkrut secara konsekutif. Prevalensi NAFLD didapatkan 52,4% (95% CI ±9,55). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan NAFLD pada populasi ini adalah hipertensi (PR = 3,755; 95% CI 1,218-11,575; p = 0,021) dan Index Massa Tubuh (IMT) (PR = 1,212 95% CI 1,051-1,396; p = 0,008). Faktor terkait HIV seperti CD4+ nadir, lama mendapat terapi ARV didapatkan tidak terkait NAFLD. Kesimpulan: Prevalensi NAFLD pada pasien HIV di Indonesia tinggi. NAFLD didapatkan berkaitan dengan hipertensi dan IMT, namun tidak dengan faktor-faktor terkait HIV. Penapisan non invasif untuk NAFLD sebaiknya diimplementasikan pada populasi ini untuk intervensi awal dan pencegahan komplikasi.

Background: As HIV-infected persons experience longer life expectancies, other cause of morbidity and mortality among this group are increasingly being identified. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as the most common liver disease affecting more than a quarter of global population and increasing number in Indonesia. HIV-infected persons are at an increased risk of having NAFLD. This study aimed to inform prevalence and factors associated with NAFLD in HIV-infected patients without chronic viral hepatitis on antiretroviral therapy (ARV). Methods: A cross sectional study of HIV-infected person on ARV without hepatitis co-infection was done in HIV Integrated Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. NAFLD was defined as having at least 238 dB/m in transient elastography with associated Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) examination. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to estimate factors associated with NAFLD Results: A total of 105 consecutive HIV infected person were included in the study analyzed. The prevalence of NAFLD was 52.4% (95% CI ±9.55). Factors related to NAFLD in this population were hypertension (PR = 3.755; 95% CI 1.218-11.575; p = 0.021) and Body Mass Index (BMI) (PR = 1.212 95% CI 1.051-1.396; p = 0.008). HIV specific variables such as nadir CD4, duration of ARV were not associated with NAFLD. Conclusion : There was a high prevalence of NAFLD among Indonesian person infected with HIV. NAFLD was associated with BMI and hypertension, but not with HIV related factors. Non-invasive screening for NAFLD should be implemented in this populaton to establish early intervention and prevent complication"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2019
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Kemas Rakhmat Notariza
"ABSTRACT
Background: hypothyroidism is a common concomitant disease of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies regarding the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and NAFLD showed conflicting results, ranging from a strong association to not significant one. This case report aimed to investigate the risk of developing NAFLD in subclinical hypothyroidism patients. Methods: literature searching used ScienceDirect, PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus. Filtering process of titles and abstracts by using inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 4 eligible articles (1 systematic review, 1 prospective cohort, 1 retrospective cohort, and 1 case-control study) for answering the clinical question. Critical appraisal was conducted by using worksheets from Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford. Results: the systematic review was considered invalid due to its less comprehensive search for relevant studies, inappropriate article selection to find a causal relationship between diseases, and statistical heterogeneity. The retrospective cohort was decided unimportant because it possessed a relative risk of 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72--1.00) which the upper limit of its CI included 1.00. The rest were valid and had important risk relative and odds ratio (1.27 [95% CI, 1.09--1.47], 3.41 [95% CI, 1.16--9.98]; respectively). The number needed to harm (5 - 17) indicated the clinically meaningful harm of the exposure since only a few patients with subclinical hypothyroidism is needed to obtain one additional NAFLD incidence. Those two articles were also suitable to be applied in our case. Conclusion: patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, compared to euthyroid patients, are at higher risk of developing NAFLD."
Jakarta: University of Indonesia. Faculty of Medicine, 2019
610 UI-IJIM 51:2 (2019)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Winda Permata Bastian
"Latar Belakang : Disbiosis mikrobiota usus dianggap berperan pada progresifitas NAFLD. Penelitian mengenai mikrobiota usus pada pasien NAFLD masih sedikit dan menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda.
Tujuan : Mengetahui profil mikrobiota usus pada pasien NAFLD dengan derajat fibrosis hati.
Metode : Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang, dengan menggunakan sampel pasien NAFLD di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, periode waktu Maret – Juli 2018. Pemeriksaan sampel feses secara konsekutif dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat isolasi DNA (Tiangen) dan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Fast 7500) untuk menghitung jumlah mikrobiota dinyatakan dalam copy number DNA/gram feses (Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria). Sedangkan pemeriksaan fibrosis hati dengan menggunakan alat transient elastography (FibroScan® 502 Touch). Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square.
Hasil : Dari 60 pasien NAFLD, didapatkan 35 pasien dengan fibrosis non signifikan dan 25 pasien dengan fibrosis signifikan. Kebanyakan pasien merupakan penderita diabetes melitus (85%), dislipidemia (58,3%), obesitas (58,3%), dan obesitas sentral (90%). Didapatkan jumlah Bacteroides (483.000 kopi unit DNA/gram feses) paling banyak dibandingkan dengan Lactobacillus (100.800 kopi unit DNA/gram feses) dan Bifidobacteria  (12.110 kopi unit DNA/gram feses). Dari ketiga mikrobiota tersebut terdapat peningkatan bermakna proporsi Bacteroides pada kelompok fibrosis signifikan (81%) dibandingkan dengan fibrosis non signifikan (19%). Begitupula dengan Lactobacillus yang jumlahnya lebih banyak pada fibrosis signifikan. Sedangkan pada Bifidobacteria, proporsi pada fibrosis signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan fibrosis non signifikan.
Simpulan : Terdapat perubahan komposisi mikrobiota usus pada pasien NAFLD. Proporsi Bacteroides juga meningkat pada kelompok fibrosis signifikan.

Background: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been considered to have a role in NAFLD progression. However, there is still lack of studies regarding this phenomenon.
Aim of the study: To find the difference of gut microbiota profile in NAFLD patient based on the stages of liver fibrosis.
Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital which is the largest tertiary refferal center hepatobiliary outpatient’s clinic. Human fecal samples from NAFLD patients who came to outpatient clinic were collected consecutively. The stool sample examination was performed using isolation DNA kit (Tiangen) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Fast 7500) was used to measure total bacterial counts (Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria). Clinical and laboratory data, Food Frequency Questionare (FFQ) were also collected. The stage of fibrosis were diagnosed based on transient elastography (FibroScan® 502 Touch). Statistical analysis including bivariate analysis were performed using SPSS version 20.
Results: Of 60 human fecal samples, there are 35 patients had non significant fibrosis and 25 patients had significant fibrosis and consist of 46.7% male and 53.3% female with the median age is 56 years old. Most patient have diabetes (85%) dyslipidemia (58.3%), obesity (58.3%), and central obesity (90%).  The Bacteroides count (483000) was higher when compared to Lactobacillus (100800) and Bifidobacteria (12110). Of these three microbiota, the proportion of Bacteroides was higher in significant fibrosis group when compared to non significant fibrosis group. Patient with significant fibrosis was also has a higher proportion of Lactobacillus compared to non significant fibrosis group (7000 vs 2050). In contrast, the proportion of Bifidobacteria was lower in significant fibrosis group (22) when compared to non significant fibrosis group (95).
Conclusion: There is a dysbiosis of gut microbiota in NAFLD patients. Bacteroides as a gram-negative microbiota that produces LPS is significantly increased with fibrosis stage, that may play a role in NAFLD progression.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
SP-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ayu Diandra Sari
"Obesitas merupakan masalah utama pada kesehatan masyarakat dunia yang diketahui juga sebagai salah satu faktor risiko penyakit perlemakan hati non alkoholik(NAFLD). Sistem penilaian untuk mendeteksi NAFLD telah dikembangkan dan divalidasi di Indonesia. Namun, pola makan orang obesitas yang mungkin memberikan pengaruh terhadap NAFLD masih belum diketahui. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi asupan sukrosa pada obesitas dewasa di Jakarta dan hubungannya dengan skor NAFLD. Ini adalah studi potong lintang berbasis komunitas di antara orang dewasa dengan indeks massa tubuh (BMI)>25 kg/m2 antara September dan Oktober 2018 di Jakarta, Indonesia. Asupan sukrosa dinilai menggunakan food recal l2x24 jam, dihitung berdasarkan tabel komposisi makanan Indonesia dan Amerika dengan menggunakan Nutrisurvey 2007.Skor NAFLD terdiri dari enam faktor risiko, yaitu BMI>25 kg/m2, jenis kelamin laki-laki, usia>35 tahun, trigliserida>150 mg/dL, kadar kolesterol lipoprotein kepadatan tinggi<40 mg/dL untuk pria atau <50 mg/dL untuk wanita, dan kadar alanin aminotrans feraseserum >35 U/L. Dari 102 subjek yang terdaftar, 75 orang(73,5%) adalah wanita. Median dari total skor NAFLD adalah 6,7 dengan rentang dari 3,6 hingga 10,2. Median asupan karbohidrat total adalah 179,6 (54,1-476,8) g/hari, dan median total asupan sukrosa adalah 47,0 (13,7-220,5) g/hari. Asupan sukrosa lebih tinggi signifikan pada responden dengan skor NAFLD >6,7 dibandingkan <6,7. (47,8 vs. 45,3 g; p=0,042; Mann-Whitney U test). Analisis multivariat mengonfirmasi adanya hubungan asupan sukrosa dan skor tinggi perlemakan hati non alkoholik.
Kesimpulan: Asupan sukrosa tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan skor NAFLD pada penyandang obesitas dewasa, namun bermakna jika dikaitkan dengan skor tinggi perlemakan hati non alkoholik. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk pengembangan variabel tambahan pada skor NAFLD.

Obesity is a major problem in a world public health which is also known as one of the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An assessment system for detecting NAFLD has been developed and validated in Indonesia. However, the diet pattern of obese people who might have an effect on NALFD is still unknown. This study evaluated sucrose intake among obese adults in Jakarta and ints association with NAFLD score. This was a community-based cross sectional study among adults with body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 between September and Oktober 2018 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Sucrose intake was assessed using 2x24-hour food recall, calculated based on the Indonesian and American food composition tables using dietary software Nutrisurvey. The NAFLD score consists of six risk factors, i.e. BMI >25 kg/m2, male sex, age >35 years, triglycerides >150 mg/dL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels <40 mg/dL for men or <50 mg/dL for women, and serum alanine aminotransferase levels >35 U/L. A total of 102 subjects were recruited; 75 (73.5%) of them were women. The median of total NAFLD scores was 6.7, ranging from 3.6 to 10.2. Median total carbohydrate intake was 179.6 (54.1-476.8) g/day, while the median total sucrose intake was 47.0 (13.7-220.5) g/day. Sucrose intake was significantly higher in patients with NAFLD score >6.7 than <6.7 (47.8 vs. 45.3 g; p=0.042; Mann-Whitney U test). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association of sucrose intake and higher total NAFLD score.
Conclusions: Sucrose intake and NAFLD score have no significant association among obese adults. Further research is needed to develop additional variables on NAFLD score.
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Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2019
T57776
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Philip Waruna
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang dan tujuan: Kanker payudara merupakan kanker yang menempati urutan pertama dari keseluruhan kanker pada perempuan di Indonesia dan menurut data dari Indonesia Journal of Cancer 2012 menyebabkan kematian sebesar 458.000 perempuan. Kepadatan payudara merupakan salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya kanker payudara yang dipicu oleh adanya estrogen yang menjadi prekursor jaringan fibrogladular menjadi padat. Pada perempuan dengan kanker payudara dan densitas payudara yang tinggi ditemui juga adanya perlemakan hati yang tinggi. Hubungan antara pasien dengan kanker payudara dengan densitas payudara yang tinggi dan perlemakan hati masih belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kepadatan jaringan payudara yang diperiksa dengan mammografi dan perlemakan hati yang diperiksa dengan ultrasonografi serta melihat hubungannya dengan estrogen reseptor yang diperiksa dengan immunohistokimia.
Metode: Penelitian potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder ultrasonografi abdomen dan mammografi dari sistem PACS RS Kanker Dharmais. Penilaian yang dilakukan dengan melihat derajat kepadatan payudara yang diperiksa dengan mammografi dan derajat perlemakan hati yang diperiksa dengan ultrasonografi serta melihat status estrogen reseptor dari immunohistokimia pada pasien kanker payudara tersebut. Analisa data dilakukan dengan mengelompokan kepadatan payudara sampai 50 % dan kelompok lain dengan kepadatan lebih dari 50% dan membandingkan dengan perlemakan hati ringan dan berat.
Hasil: Pengelompokan pasien dengan kepadatan payudara sampai 50% menunjukkan terdapat banyak perlemakan hati berat, demikian juga pada kepadatan payudara yang lebih besar dari 50% menunjukkan terdapat lebih banyak lagi perlemakan hati derajat berat namun secara statistik tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan Nilai Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.60 dengan 95% Interval Kepercayaan 0.12 – 3.01.
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan hubungan antara kepadatan jaringan payudara yang tinggi dengan perlemakan hati yang juga tinggi walaupun secara statistik tidak menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan.

ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Breast cancer are the most common cancer and the first in all cancer that affected women in Indonesia and the data from Indonesian Journal of Cancer 2012 said, it cause death for about 458.000 women. Breast density are one of the risk factor that cause breast cancer and estrogen are the precursor for high density of the fibroglandular tissue. Women with breast cancer and high breast density are found to have a high degree of fatty liver. The relationship between breast cancer with high breast density and high fatty liver was unknown. The aim of these research wants to evaluation the breast density on mammography and fatty liver on ultrasound and the relationship with estrogen reseptor which was examined with immunohistochemistry.
Method: A cross sectional research is perform using mammography and ultrasound from PACS system. These research wants to evaluation the high breast density with mammograms and fatty liver with ultrasound and their relationship with estrogen receptor by immunohistochemistry. Data was merged in to two groups, one group with breast density until 50% and the other group was breast density more than 50% and compared it with mild and severe fatty liver.
Result: Patient with breast density until 50% showed more severe fatty liver as well as patient with breast density more than 50% had more severe fatty liver, although statistically had no significant relationship with Odds Ratio (OR) = 0,60 and confidence interval 0,12-3.01.
Conclusion: There are tendency relationship between higher breast density and higher fatty liver although statistically showed no significant relationship."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library