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"Fact-Finding before the International Court of Justice examines a number of significant recent criticisms of the way in which the ICJ deals with facts. The book takes the position that such criticisms are warranted and that the ICJ's current approach to fact-finding falls short of adequacy, both in cases involving abundant, particularly complex or technical facts, and in those involving a scarcity of facts. The author skilfully examines how other courts such as the WTO and inter-State arbitrations conduct fact-finding and makes a number of select proposals for reform, enabling the ICJ to address some of the current weaknesses in its approach. The proposals includes, but are not limited to, the development of a power to compel the disclosure of information, greater use of provisional measures, and a clear strategy for the use of expert evidence."

"Now updated with new measurement methods and new examples, How to Measure Anything shows managers how to inform themselves in order to make less risky, more profitable business decisions This insightful and eloquent book will show you how to measure those things in your own business, government agency or other organization that, until now, you may have considered ""immeasurable,"" including customer satisfaction, organizational flexibility, technology risk, and technology ROI. Adds new measurement methods, showing how they can be applied to a variety of areas such as risk management and custom."

"Latar belakang: Refluks cairan lambung ke struktur laring dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada pita suara. Stroboskopi adalah pemeriksaan penunjang untuk melihat struktur dan fungsi vibrasi pita suara yang dapat mendeteksi secara dini kelainan pada pita suara dan dapat menunjang diagnosis refluks laringofaring (RLF). Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui struktur dan fungsi vibrasi pita suara pada pasien RLF dibandingkan dengan pasien normal, serta mengetahui skor temuan refluks (STR) dengan menggunakan stroboskopi laring pada pasien RLF dibandingkan dengan menggunakan rinofaringolaringoskopi serat lentur. Metode: Penelitian komparatif cross sectional yang dilakukan di URJT Departemen THT FKUI-RSCM pada bulan Agustus 2018 hingga Februari 2019 dengan subyek penelitian terdiri dari 27 orang pada masing-masing kelompok pasien RLF dengan pasien normal. Hasil: Delapan dari 10 parameter stroboskopi laring pada kelompok RLF berbeda secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok normal, antara lain parameter amplitudo, gelombang mukosa, sifat vibrasi, aktifitas supraglotis, tepi pita suara, simetri, periodisitas, dan perbandingan fase tertutup dan terbuka. Selain itu terdapat perbedaan bermakna Skor Temuan Refluks (STR) yang dinilai dengan rinofaringo-laringoskopi (RFL) serat optik lentur cahaya konstan dibandingkan dengan stroboskopi laring, khususnya pada parameter edema subglotis, edema plika vokalis, dan hipertrofi komisura posterior.......Background: Reflux of gastric juice may damage the vocal cords. Stroboscopy is one of supporting examination to explore the structure and vibratory function of vocal cords that has main role in early diagnosis of vocal cords abnormality and sharpened laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) diagnosis. Purpose: To determine differences of structure and vabratory function in LPR patients compared with normal patients, and to determine the differences of reflux finding score (RFS) using stroboscopy with flexible rhinopharyngolaryngoscopy. Methods: Comparatif cross sectional study was conducted in ENT Outpatient Clinic in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital since August 2018 untill February 2019 with 27 subjects in each group of patient with LPR and normal group.Result: Eight from 10 stroboscopy parameters is significantly different between LPR group and normal group, ie. vibratory amplitude, mucosal wave, vibratory behaviour, supraglottic activity, vocal folds edge, symetry, periodicity, and open closed phase comparation. Besides, there was a significant difference between Reflux Finding Score (RFS) evaluated using flexible rhinopharyngolaryngoscopy and using laryngeal stroboscopy, particularly in subglottic edema, vocal cords edema, and hypertrophy of posterior commisure."

"Laporan magang ini menjelaskan prosedur audit yang dilakukan atas akun pendapatan KSE entity support perusahaan yang bergerak pada bidang Jasa Telekomunikasi. Prosedur audit yang dilakukan terdiri dari tahap penerimaan klien, perencanaan, pengujian dan pengumpulan bukti, serta tahap penyelesaian laporan audit. Audit juga dilakukan untuk melihat kesesuaian praktik akuntansi KSE dengan standar akuntansi yang berlaku di Indonesia. Berdasarkan prosedur yang dilakukan, terdapat beberapa kelemahan yang berpotensi menimbulkan masalah bagi perusahaan yaitu pada pengendalian internal perusahaan dan ketidaksesuaian periode akuntansi pada pengakuan pendapatan.

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The internship report aims to explain audit procedure of Revenue in KSE, entity support of company which operate in Telecommunication Industry. The audit procedures performed consist of client acceptance, planning, testing and gathering evidence, until completing the audit report. Audit was also conducted to know whether the company has implemented accounting standard in Indonesia. Based on the audit results, there are some weaknesses which can cause some problem for the company in the future. The problem were on company internal control and the accounting period in recognized revenue."

"Image segmentation is typically used to distinguish objects that exist in an image. However, it remains difficult to accommodate favourable thresholding in multimodal image histogram problem with specifically desired number of thresholds. This research proposes a novel approach to find thresholds in multimodal grayscale image histogram. This method consists of histogram smoothing, identifi-cation of peak(s) and valley(s), and merging process using hierarchical cluster analysis. Using five images that consisted of grayscale and converted-to-grayscale images. This method yields maximum value of accuracy, precision, and recall of 99.93%, 99.75%, and 99.75% respectively. These results are better than the similar peak finding method in multimodal grayscale image segmentation.Salah satu penggunaan segmentasi citra adalah membedakan objek-objek yang ada dalam suatu citra. Namun, untuk mengakomodasi suatu metode penentuan nilai ambang yang diinginkan dalam histo-gram multimodal citra masih sulit dilakukan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini memberikan suatu pen-dekatan baru untuk menentukan nilai ambang dalam histogrammultimodal citra keabuan. Metode ini terdiri dari penghalusan histogram, identifikasi lembah dan puncak, dan proses penggabungan dengan analisis kluster hierarkis. Metode ini diuji dengan lima citra keabuan dan citra warna yang dikonversi ke citra keabuan dan menghasilkan nilai maksimum dari akurasi, presisi, dan recall masing-masing 99,93%, 99,75%, dan 99,75%. Hasil ini lebih baik daripada metode segmentasi citra keabuan dengan penentuan puncak yang mirip dengan metode dalam penelitian ini."

"Background: Systemic sclerosis is a chronic progressive multisystem autoimmune disease in connective tissue, characterized by its heterogeneous clinical manifestation. The purpose of this study is to give information regarding clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of systemic sclerosis patients to establish diagnosis of disease. Methods: This study was conducted using descriptive quantitative design in September until October 2016. Data was collected from medical records of patients visiting Rheumatology Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from 1 July 2015 until 30 June 2016 using total sampling method. The collected data were expected to comprise patients clinical manifestation and laboratory finding. Results: Most of patients had cutaneous 57 100.0 pecent and musculoskeletal 40 70.2 pecent involvement. Some of the disease manifestations were Raynauds phenomenon 38 66.7 pecent , fingertip lesion 33 57.9 pecent, stiffness in skin 34 59.6 pecent, and arthalgia 29 50.9 pecent. Gastrointestinal involvements were present in 29 50.9 pecent patients. Renal involvement were determined from urinalysis result showed proteinuria 10 17.5 pecent and hematuria 8 14.0 pecent, found in 24 42.1 pecent patients, while pulmonary and cardiac involvements were found in 30 52.6 pecent patients, acknowledged from clinical symptoms such as dyspnea 12 21.1 pecent. Identification of autoantibodies was found in 12 21.1 pecent patients, with 10 17.5 pecent patients had reactive ANA and 3 3.5 pecent had positive anti Scl70. Conclusion: Most of systemic sclerosis patients had cutaneous involvement. Renal, pulmonary, and cardiac involvement were concluded based on laboratory findings."

"ABSTRAKMasalah utama yang diungkap dalam penelitian ini adalah penyediaan finding aids yang efektif oleh lembaga kearsipan di Indonesia dalam rangka pelayanan informasi arsip-statis. Dengan adanya prinsip provenance dan original order serta pertimbangan nilai guna informasinya, maka kajian penyediaan finding aids dilakukan melalui identifkasi finding aids dan kebijakan penyediaannya.Secara rinci, masalah yang akan diungkap dalam penelitian ini : (1) jenis finding aids, (2) bentuk dan model penyajian finding aids, (3) tingkat deskripsi, (4) elemen deskripsi, (5) kebutuhan finding aids bagi pengguna, (6) pedoman deskripsi, (7) fungsi finding aids, (8) manfaat finding aids dan (9) kebijakan berkaitan dengan kondisi khasanah arsip-statis.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk ; (1) identifikasi finding aids yang diperlukan lembaga kearsipan, (2) identifikasi finding aids yang telah disediakan oleh lembaga kearsipan di Indonesia, (3) identifikasi kebutuhan finding aids bagi pengguna, (4) identifikasi kebijakan lembaga kearsipan dalam penyediaannya, (5) merumuskan konsep bentuk dan model finding aids yang sesuai untuk pelayanan informasi cepat arsip-statis di lembaga kearsipan Indonesia.Penelitian ini merupakan studi awal dengan metode survey deskripstif, yaitu mendeskripsi sejumlah variabel yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang diteliti, membandingkan persamaan dan perbedaan gejala yang ditemukan, menilai dan menentukan hubungan diantaranya. Penelitian dilakukan melalui observasi, dokumen, wawaneara dan literatur.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan : (1) finding aids lembaga kearsipan di Indonesia belum dapat membantu pengguna dalam menelusur informasi yang diperlukan maupun membantu arsiparis dalam melakukan pengawasan khasanah arsipnya, (2) bila dikaitkan dengan fungsi dan kemanfaatannya, finding aids lembaga kearsipan di Indonesia kurang berfungsi dan belum banyak manfaatnya, (3) pelaksanaan kegiatan di lapangan kurang sesuai dengan kebijakan yang ditemukan, (4) kendala yang dialami di lapangan secara umum adalah tidak adanya sistem penyimpanan pada lembaga pencipta, penyerahan khasanah arsip dalam jumlah yang banyak dan kacau, tidak adanya standar deskripsi dan peristilahan, terbatasnya tenaga yang mampu, alokasi dana dan kegiatan.Hasil akhir penelitian ini dikemukakan konsep finding aids jenis katalog sebagai finding aids prioritas kedua untuk pelayanan informasi cepat, disamping finding aids yang diutamakan bagi lembaga kearsipan seperti Inventaris, Register dan Bridging aids.

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ABSTRACTProviding Retrieval Finding Aids of Archival Information: Case Study in Indonesian Archival InstitutionsThe main issue that will be exposed in this study is the providing effective finding aids by the Indonesian archival institutions in relations to the archival information services. According to the provenance and original order principle and because of its value, the study is done by identifying the finding aids, activity and its managerial judgment.The detail issues will he discussed (1) categories of finding aids, (2) format and type of description, (3) level of description, (4) elements of description, (5) manual of description, (6) function of Finding aids, (7) use of finding aids, and (8) managerial judgment according to the nature of archival material.The purposes of this study are (1) to identify finding aids needed by the archival institution, (2) to identify finding aids provided by the Indonesian archival institutions, (3) to identify the finding aids needed by the users, (4) to identify the archival institution managerial judgment in providing the finding aids, and (5) to analyze and to formulate the format and the type of finding aids description used in archival information services.This descriptive study is the preliminary survey by describing all of variables related with the issues to be studied, comparing the similarities and or the differences issues found in the study, pointing out the relations between. The study is done by observating documents, literatures and interviewing.The results of this study are: (1) Finding aids that provided by the Indonesian Archival Institution did riot maximal lead the users to information they are seeking either the archivist to control their archives (2) according to its functions and uses, finding aids in Indonesia are not in a good use, (3) the works of finding aids providing don't allow the Institution judgment, (4) the general problems are the missing system in the creators, transferring the archives in the large-scale., the missing of manual description and the standard of idiom, the professionalism of the archivist, budget and activities allocation.The final result of this study is providing the catalogue as a concept of format and type of secondary finding aids description needed by archival institution in Indonesia according to quick archival information services.

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