Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Penanaman modal asing secara langsung di Indonesia harus dilakukan dalam bentuk pendirian perusahaan joint venture antara investor asing dengan investor nasional, sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal. Selain berdasarkan adanya ketentuan Undang-undang, pendirian perusahaan joint venture juga dilakukan berdasarkan pertimbangan politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan para pihak terutama insvestor asing dalam melakukan investasi di Indonesia. Perusahaan joint venture ini didirikan dalam bentuk Perseroan Terbatas, yang tunduk kepada Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Sebelum membentuk Perusahaan Joint Venture para pihak terlebih dahulu membuat perjanjian joint venture yang menjadi dasar pendirian perusahaan joint venture. Dalam merumuskan perjanjian joint venture para pihak terikat dengan kaidah-kaidah yang terdapat dalam hukum perjanjian baik yang bersifat nasional maupun internasional seperti pacta sunt servanda, consensus, dan kebebasan berkontrak, karena para pihak berasal dari Negara yang berbeda. Dalam perjanjian joint venture ditetapkan tujuan dan kebijakan dari perusahaan joint venture yang dapat dipergunakan untuk menafsirkan perjanjian-perjanjian yang dibuat oleh perusahaan dengan para partner. Oleh karenanya dipandang perlu untuk mengkoordinasikan perjanjian joint venture dengan Anggaran Dasar Perusahaan Joint Venture yang tunduk kepada Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Struktur perjanjian joint venture itu sendiri sekurang-kurangnya meliputi: objek usaha patungan, modal dan proporsi masing-masing pemegang saham, kepemilikan saham dan kemungkinan pengalihan saham pada pihak lain, penambahan modal dan pengeluaran saham baru, pengurusan perusahaan, kontrol atau pengendalian perusahaan, alih teknologi dan pengetahuan, lisensi paten dan merek dagang, klausul wanprestasi, keadaan darurat, klausul pilihan hukum dan klausul penyelesaian sengketa, pengakhiran perjanjian, dan pengaturan tentang amandemen atau perubahan perjanjian. Dalam hal adanya sengketa pada perusahaan joint venture, apabila sengketa tersebut terjadi antara pemegang saham, maka penyelesaiannya dapat dilakukan melalui arbitrase atau melalui pengadilan tergantung kepada choice of jurisdiction yang menjadi kesepakatan kedua belah pihak. Apabila sengketa tersebut terjadi antara direksi, atau antara pemegang saham dengan direksi perusahaan joint venture (kasus gugatan derivatif), maka penyelesaiannya dilakukan melalui Pengadilan Negeri menurut Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Apabila sengketa yang terjadi antara investor asing dengan Pemerintah, maka penyelesaiannya dapat dilakukan melalui arbitrase internasional, seperti ICSID, atau lembaga penyelesaian sengketa lainnya yang disepakati oleh kedua belah pihak. ......Foreign direct investment in Indonesia shall be realized in form of joint venture company established by domestic and foreign investor, which is stipulated by law number 25 of 2007 concerning Investment. Beside according to the provisions of the law, the carrying out of establishment of joint venture company also based on politic, economic, and socio-culture considerations related to all parties interests, especially foreign investors in making investment in Indonesia. The joint venture company was established in the form of Limited Liability Company, which is subject to Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Company. Before establishing joint venture company, all parties make a joint venture agreement that will be the groundwork of establishing that company. To formulate the joint venture agreement, the all parties was bound by norms contained in law of contract both nationally and internationally, such as pacta sunt servanda, consensus, and freedom of contract, because they come from different nations. The policy and purpose of joint venture company was stipulated by Joint venture agreement that can be used as a tool or guidance of contracts interpretation made by company with partners. Because of that, it is necessary to coordinate joint venture agreement with article of association of joint venture company pursuant to law number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Company. The structure of the joint venture agreement itself include at least : the object of joint venture, initial capital and capital contribution, equity ownership and and the possibility of transfer of shares on the other party, capital increase and issuance of new shares, the management of company, control of the company, transfer of technology and know-how, patent and trademark licenses, profit sharing, breach of contract clause, force majeur clause, choice of law clause, and dispute settlement clause, termination of contract, and rules concerning the amendment of contract. In the event any dispute arises in connection with joint venture company, if the dispute arises between shareholders of the company, the settlement may be carried out through arbitration or through the Court depending on choice of jurisdiction agreed by the parties. If the dispute arises between directors of the company, or between shareholder and directors of the company (derivative suit case), the settlement must be carried out through the Court, pursuant to law number 40 of 2007. If the dispute arises between foreign investor and Government, the settlement may be carried out through the international arbitration, such as ICSID, or other dispute settlement body agreed by the parties.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tata kelola perusahaan terhadap persentase kepemilikan asing di perusahaan Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh kepemilikan asing terhadap tata kelola perusahaan di Indonesia. Model penelitian melihat hubungan antara variabel endogen kepemilikan asing dan tata kelola perusahaan dengan variabel eksogen berupa kepemilikan keluarga, kepemilikan institusional domestik, ukuran perusahaan, nilai perusahaan, likuiditas saham, dividend yield, dan kinerja perusahaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan asing dan tata kelola perusahaan tidak berhubungan secara signifikan.

---

ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of corporate governance to foreign invesment in Indonesian public listed company. Moreover, this research also aim to investigate whether foreign investment effects corporate governance practice in the company. The research model is developed to investigate the relationship between the endogenous variables, foreign investment and corporate governance, with exogenous variables that consist of family ownership, domestic institutional ownership, firm size, firm value, stock liquidity, dividend yield, and return on asset. The result shows that there is no significant relationship between foreign ownership and corporate governance.

Abstrak :
This book brings together foreign investment and investment arbitration in Asia, the fastest growing economic region in the world. It provides a critical analysis of foreign investment, its benefits and the legal regimes of the jurisdictions studied at a time when investor-state disputes are on the rise and investment arbitration is under growing scrutiny. Governments are under greater pressure to balance the promotion of investment with public policy development and interests and calls for a permanent court for investment arbitration are getting louder. To assess future possibilities, this book takes stock of, brings together and analyses the legal regimes on foreign investment in 12 major Asian jurisdictions, namely China, Hong-Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. These constitute paradigmatic examples of what is happening in the legal framework of Asian foreign investment and the impact that the current system of investment arbitration has in all of them. The analysis shows the existence of changing positions and degrees of openness towards foreign investment in the region, as well as a distinct level of exposure to and involvement in investment arbitration. Predictably, their situation will change in the near future, at least in relation to investment arbitration. Proposals for reform have already been made and international institutions are working on the development of an alternative to the proceedings of investment arbitration as it is currently constructed and understood. Consequently, the last two chapters of this book are devoted to the analysis of these developments that will most probably affect the existing situation in the region.

Abstrak :
Faktor-faktor yang menentukan masuknya investasi ke suatu negara didasarkan pada tiga faktor yaitu kesempatan ekonomi (economic opportunity), stabilitas politik (political stability) dan kepastian hukum (legal certainty). Adanya kepastian hukum merupakan salah satu faktor utama untuk menciptakan iklim usaha yang kondusif bagi investor. Dalam sektor telekomunikasi, penyelenggaraan jaringan bergerak seluler merupakan bidang usaha yang sangat erat dengan penanaman modal asing. Dalam rangka melindungi kepentingan nasional, maka Pemerintah telah mengatur pembatasan kepemilikan modal asing dalam penyelenggaraan jaringan bergerak seluler melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal serta Peraturan Presiden Nomor 36 Tahun 2010 tentang Daftar Bidang Usaha yang Tertutup dan Bidang Usaha yang Terbuka dengan Persyaratan di Bidang Penanaman Modal. Pemahaman yang berbeda terhadap ketentuan pembatasan kepemilikan modal asing atau yang secara umum dikenal sebagai Daftar Negatif Investasi merupakan salah satu penyebab ketidakpastian hukum di Indonesia. Tesis ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) yang melakukan pengkajian peraturan perundang-undangan terhadap penanaman modal asing yang dilakukan oleh penyelenggara jaringan bergerak seluler di Indonesia. Tesis ini menyimpulkan bahwa terhadap penanaman modal yang telah memperoleh persetujuan sebelum berlakunya Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal maka berlaku asas grandfather clause. Kemudian dalam hal akan dilakukan peningkatan modal secara langsung, maka berlaku pre-emptive rights sesuai Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, sedangkan dalam hal peningkatan modal dilakukan oleh Perusahaan Terbuka melalui Pasar Modal maka tidak tunduk kepada ketentuan Daftar Negatif Investasi. ......The factors that determine the inflow of investments into a country based on three factors, namely economic opportunities, political stability and the rule of law (legal certainty). Legal certainty is one of the main factors for creating a conductive business climate for investors. In the telecommunications sector, the business of mobile cellular network very closely with foreign investment. In order to protect the national interest, the government has set restrictions on foreign equity ownership in the operation of mobile cellular networks through Law Number 25 Year 2007 on Investment, and Presidential Regulation Number 36 of 2010 on List of Closed and Open Business Fields with Requirements on Investment. A different understanding of the terms or restrictions on foreign equity ownership is generally known as the Negative Investment List is one cause of legal uncertainty in Indonesia. This thesis is a study with a normative approach to law (statute approach) which carry out a review of legislation on foreign investments made by mobile cellular network operator in Indonesia. This thesis concludes that the investment has been approved before the enactment of the Investment Law shall apply the principle of grandfather clause. Then in terms of the capital increase will be carried out directly, then apply pre-emptive rights according to Law Number 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies, while in the case of capital increase carried out by the Public Company through capital market is not subject to the provisions of the Investment Negative List.

Abstrak :
Konsep nominee diakui keberadaannya di negara-negara bertradisi hukum Common Law seperti di Singapura, nominee shareholders dan nominee director diperbolehkan berdasarkan undang-undang trustee dan undang-undang perusahaan Singapura. Sementara di negara-negara bertradisi hukum Civil Law seperti di Indonesia tidak mengakui keberadaan nominee. Bahkan di Indonesia, diatur secara tegas larangan nominee shareholders dan akibatnya adalah perjanjian batal demi hukum sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 33 ayat 1 dan ayat 2 Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal. Larangan ini tidak terlepas dari tujuan ekonomi nasional yaitu melindungi pengusaha lokal agar sektor-sektor ekonomi tidak dikuasai dan/atau dieksploitasi oleh pihak asing. Adanya pembatasan bidang usaha yang tertutup bagi pihak asing dan bidang usaha yang terbuka dengan batasan kepemilikan saham bagi pihak asing sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Presiden nomor 44 Tahun 2016 dan persyaratan paling sedikit perseroan terbatas didirikan oleh 2 (dua) orang sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas, menyebabkan pihak-pihak tidak dapat menguasai atau memiliki perusahaan sepenuhnya. Hal tersebut mendorong penggunaan nominee shareholders di Indonesia, baik dengan mengadakan perjanjian nominee secara langsung maupun secara tidak langsung untuk menyiasati larangan nominee shareholders.

---

Nominee concept is recognized in Common Law countries such as Singapore, nominee shareholders and nominee directors are allowed under the Trustee Act and Company Act of Singapore. While, in Civil Law countries such as Indonesia does not recognize nominee concept. In addition, Indonesia prohibit nominee shareholders and consequently the agreement is null and void as stipulated in Article 33 paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of the Investment Act. This prohibition cannot be separated from the nation?s economic purpose which is protecting local entrepreneurs so that economy sectors are not controlled and / or exploited by foreign investor. The restrictions on business sectors, whether totally closed or limited share ownership for foreign investor as stipulated in Presidential Regulation number 44 Year 2016, as well as the requirement of at least two (2) people in creating a limited liability company as stipulated in Article 7 of Law Limited Liability company, causes a party to not able to fully own the company. It encourages the use of nominee shareholders in Indonesia, either by entering a nominee agreement, directly or indirectly to circumvent the prohibition of nominee shareholders.