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"PM2,5 adalah indikator penting untuk mengetahui risiko kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh polusi partikulat. Pajanan konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara dalam ruang telah banyak dikaitkan dengan kejadian penurunan fungsi paru. Oleh karena itu, program intervensi harus dimulai dari faktor lingkungan.Tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara dalam ruang dengan penurunan fungsi paru pada orang dewasa. Studi potong lintang dilakukan di sekitar kawasan industri Pulo Gadung, Jakarta Timur.Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan maret sampai mei 2012. Peneliti memilih secara acak 109 orang dewasa yang berusia 20-65 tahun dengan menggunakan metode statifikasi acak sampel. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menentukan kejadian penurunan fungsi paru dan hubungannya dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara dalam ruang. Fungsi paru diperiksa dengan menggunakan spirometri tes untuk mendapatkan nilai VC, FCV, FEV1, dan FEV1/FCV. Konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara dalam ruang diukur dengan menggunakan alat dust track. Setelah itu, analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan model regresi logistik untuk mendapatkan nilai OR dari konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara dalam ruang dengan penurunan fungsi paru pada orang dewasa. Selain itu, variabel karakteristik individu dan faktor lingkungan rumah juga dianalisis dengan kejadian penurunan fungsi paru. Prevalensi penurunan fungsi paru pada orang dewasa di sekitar kawasan industri Pulo Gadung sebesar 38,5%.Hasil analisis menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara dalam ruang dengan penurunan fungsi paru pada orang dewasa (OR = 3,31; nilai p = 0,003). Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi penurunan fungsi paru pada orang dewasa adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR = 2,84; nilai p = 0,025), durasi pajanan (OR = 3,56; nilai p = 0,002), merokok (OR = 2,60; nilai p = 0,040), ventilasi (OR = 3,35; nilai p = 0,026), dan kelembaban (OR = 3,12; nilai p = 0,016). Akhirnya, kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara dalam ruang berhubungan signifikan dengan penurunan fungsi paru pada orang dewasa.PM2,5 is an important indicator of risk to health from particulate pollution. Exposure to indoor air pollution of PM2,5 has been associated with an increase in lung function impairment. Consequently, the intervention program must be started from environmental factors.

The aim of the study was to better understand the association between indoor PM2.5 concentration and the decline of adult lung function. Cross sectional study was conducted at the surrounding of Pulo Gadung Industries, East Jakarta.

This study was extended from March to May 2012. Researcher has selected 109 adults from 20 to 65 years of age by the stratified random sample to determine the incidence of lung function impairment and its relationship to indoor air pollution due to PM2.5. Lung function was measured by spirometry test to get the value of VC, FCV, FEV1, and FEV1/FCV. Indoor PM2.5 concentration was obtained from measurement by dust track. The Odds Ratio (OR) for the effect of indoor PM2,5 concentration on lung function in adult was analyzed by logistic regression model. Besides that, individual variables and health housing variables were analyzed with the decline of adult lung function too. The prevalence of the decline of adult lung function in the surrounding of Pulo Gadung Industries was 38,5%.

The analysis showed significantly association between indoor PM2.5 concentration and the decline of adult lung function (OR = 3,31; p value = 0,003). Another factors that influenced the decline of adult lung function were the men gender (OR = 2,84; p value = 0,025), the duration of exposure (OR = 3,56; p value = 0,002 ), smoking (OR = 2,60; p value = 0,040), ventilation (OR = 3,35; p value = 0,026), and humidity (OR = 3,12; p value = 0,016). Finally, the conclusion of this study is indoor PM2,5 concentration was significantly associated with the decline of adult lung function."

"Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik PPOK merupakan penyakit dengan penurunan fungsi paru, yang melibatkan stres oksidatif pada patogenesisnya. Likopen diketahui merupakan salah satu karotenoid utama pada jaringan paru dengan aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di RSUP Persahabatan, Jakarta Timur, melibatkan 47 subjek dengan tujuan mengetahui korelasi antara kadar likopen serum dengan fungsi paru pada penderita PPOK. Karakteristik subjek dan asupan likopen didapatkan melalui wawancara menggunakan food frequency questionairre FFQ semi-kuantitatif. Kategori diagnosis PPOK didapatkan dari rekam medis atau wawancara. Status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan Indeks Masa Tubuh IMT , fungsi paru ditentukan menggunakan spirometri, dan kadar likopen serum diukur dengan High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC . Semua subjek laki-laki, terbanyak berusia ge;60 tahun, hampir separuh bekas perokok berat, 51 berstatus gizi normal. Asupan likopen 4.407 256 ndash;18.331 mg/hari, lebih rendah daripada asupan orang sehat. Kadar likopen serum 0,57 0,25 mmol/L, setara dengan orang sehat. Terdapat korelasi positif p=0,001; r=0,464 antara kadar likopen serum dengan VEP1/KVP, namun tidak terdapat korelasi kadar likopen serum dengan VEP1/Prediksi dan KVP/Prediksi.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD is a disease with decreasing pulmonary function, involving oxidative stres on its pathogenesis. Lycopene is one of the main carotenoids in lungs, with very potent antioxidant property. This cross sectional study was conducted at Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta, involving 47 subjects, aiming to investigate the correlation between serum lycopene level and lung function in COPD subjects. Interview was used to assess subjects rsquo characteristics and lycopene intake using semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire FFQ . COPD grouping was gathered from medical records or interview. Body mass index BMI was used to determine nutritional status, lung function test conducted by spirometry, while lycopene serum level was assessed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC method. All subjects were male, majority ge 60 years old, almost half ex heavy smokers, about 51 were in normal nutritional status. Lycopene intake was 4,407 256 ndash 18,331 mg day, lower compared to healthy subjects rsquo . Serum lycopene level was 0.57 0.25mmol L, similar to normal level in healthy individuals. There was a correlation p 0.001 r 0.464 between serum lycopene level and FEV1 FVC, but no correlations between serum lycopene level and FEV1 , neither was FVC . "

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalens gangguan pernapasan dan fungsi paru meningkat pada pekerja pengumpul sampah. Belum terdapat data mengenai gangguan respirasi dan fungsi paru pada pemulung, khususnya di daerah Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Dilakukan pada pemulung yang bekerja dan tinggal di kelurahan Ciketing Udik, TPA Bantar Gebang, Bekasi pada bulan Januari - Maret 2014 dengan pengisian kuesioner, pemeriksaan spirometri, foto toraks dan CO udara ekshalasi.Hasil: Jumlah sampel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi 108 subjek. Gangguan respirasi sebanyak 92 subjek (85,2%). Gangguan respirasi yang dikeluhkan meliputi batuk kronik 73 subjek, sesak napas 65 subjek, berdahak 57 dan mengi 19 subjek. Gangguan fungsi paru sebanyak 18 (16,7%) subjek berupa obstruksi ringan 3 (2,8%) subjek, restriksi ringan 11 (10,2%) subjek dan campuran 4 (2,8%) subjek. Kelainan foto toraks ditemukan 16 subjek (14,8%). Kadar CO udara ekspirasi berada pada 5-10 ppm sebanyak 46 (42.6%) subjek.Kesimpulan: Terdapat gangguan respirasi dan fungsi paru pada pemulung di Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The prevalence of respiratory disorders and lung function increases in waste collection workers. There has been no data on respiratory disorders and lung function in scavengers, especially in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to the scavengers who work and live in Ciketing Udik, Bantargebang, Bekasi. Conducted in January-March 2014, doing interview with questionnaires, spirometry examination, chest X-ray and CO exhalation.Results: The number of samples that suitable with the inclusion criteria are 108 subjects. Respiratory disorders are 92 subjects (85.2%). The respiratory disorders consist of 73 subjects with chronic cough, 65 subjects due to shortness of breath, 57 with phlegm and 19 subjects wheezing. Lung function impairment consist of 18 (16.7%) subjects in the form of mild obstruction 3 (2.8%) subjects, mild restriction 11 (10.2%) subjects and mixed 4 (2.8%) subjects. Chest radiographic abnormalities found in 16 subjects (14.8%). Expiratory CO levels at 5-10 ppm are 46 (42.6%) subjects.Conclusion: There is respiratory disorders and lung function impairments of the scavengers in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.;Background: The prevalence of respiratory disorders and lung function increases in waste collection workers. There has been no data on respiratory disorders and lung function in scavengers, especially in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to the scavengers who work and live in Ciketing Udik, Bantargebang, Bekasi. Conducted in January-March 2014, doing interview with questionnaires, spirometry examination, chest X-ray and CO exhalation.Results: The number of samples that suitable with the inclusion criteria are 108 subjects. Respiratory disorders are 92 subjects (85.2%). The respiratory disorders consist of 73 subjects with chronic cough, 65 subjects due to shortness of breath, 57 with phlegm and 19 subjects wheezing. Lung function impairment consist of 18 (16.7%) subjects in the form of mild obstruction 3 (2.8%) subjects, mild restriction 11 (10.2%) subjects and mixed 4 (2.8%) subjects. Chest radiographic abnormalities found in 16 subjects (14.8%). Expiratory CO levels at 5-10 ppm are 46 (42.6%) subjects.Conclusion: There is respiratory disorders and lung function impairments of the scavengers in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi., Background: The prevalence of respiratory disorders and lung function increases in waste collection workers. There has been no data on respiratory disorders and lung function in scavengers, especially in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to the scavengers who work and live in Ciketing Udik, Bantargebang, Bekasi. Conducted in January-March 2014, doing interview with questionnaires, spirometry examination, chest X-ray and CO exhalation.Results: The number of samples that suitable with the inclusion criteria are 108 subjects. Respiratory disorders are 92 subjects (85.2%). The respiratory disorders consist of 73 subjects with chronic cough, 65 subjects due to shortness of breath, 57 with phlegm and 19 subjects wheezing. Lung function impairment consist of 18 (16.7%) subjects in the form of mild obstruction 3 (2.8%) subjects, mild restriction 11 (10.2%) subjects and mixed 4 (2.8%) subjects. Chest radiographic abnormalities found in 16 subjects (14.8%). Expiratory CO levels at 5-10 ppm are 46 (42.6%) subjects.Conclusion: There is respiratory disorders and lung function impairments of the scavengers in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.]"

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai gangguan fungsi paru yang terjadi pada pekerja bengkel yang terpajan dengan uap cat untuk mengetahui gambaran gangguan fungsi paru disana. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian semi kuantitatif dengan metode cross-sectional terhadap 25 pekerja yang diukur fungsi parunya menggunakan spirometri dan diwawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil keseluruhan survei terhadap 25 pekerja bengkel body repair terdapat 1 orang dari bagian color matching dan 6 orang dari bagian painting yang mengalami gangguan fungsi paru.

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This study focused about lung function disorders in workers of X body repair workshop who exposed by car spray to find out the overview of lung function disorders. This study is a semi-quatitative study with cross-sectional method to the 25 workers. The lung function is assessed by spirometry and were interviewed by using quiestionnaire. The results showed that 1 worker in color matching and 6 workers in painting suffer lung function disorders."

"Mengetahui proporsi gangguan fungsi paru pada remaja jalanan perokok dan hubungan antara perilaku merokok dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Metode: Studi potong lintang pada 317 anak jalanan, usia 10-18 tahun, terdiri dari perokok dan bukan perokok. Uji fungsi paru dilakukan pada subjek dengan menilai FEV1/ FVC, FEV1, FVC, V50 dan V25. Hasil: Subjek perokok sebanyak 182 remaja jalanan (57,4%), sebagian besar merupakan perokok kadang-kadang (53%), lama merokok 1-2 tahun (54%), jenis rokok yang digunakan adalah rokok filter (58%), dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi 1-10 batang per hari (93%). Rerata parameter fungsi paru subjek perokok lebih rendah dibandingkan bukan perokok, dengan perbedaan bermakna pada nilai FEV1 dan FVC (p<0,05). Rerata nilai FEV1 dan FVC subjek perempuan perokok berbeda bermakna dengan bukan perokok, begitupun dengan rerata nilai FVC subjek lelaki (p<0,05). Proporsi gangguan fungsi paru subjek perokok berbeda bermakna dengan bukan perokok (p=0,016). Terdapat hubungan antara jenis rokok dengan gangguan fungsi paru (p<0,001), dimana pengguna rokok kretek paling banyak mengalami gangguan. Terdapat hubungan antara derajat perilaku merokok dengan gangguan fungsi paru (p=0,046). Simpulan: Rerata parameter uji fungsi paru (FEV1 dan FVC) pada remaja jalanan perokok lebih rendah dibandingkan bukan perokok. Proporsi gangguan fungsi paru pada remaja jalanan perokok 26,5%, terdiri dari campuran (16,1%), restriktif (8,2%) dan obstruktif (2,2%). Jenis rokok dan derajat perilaku merokok memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian gangguan fungsi paru.

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Street children and smoking prevalence are highly increasing. Studies on pulmonary function among adolescent street children smokers are still limited with controversial result.

Objective: To determine proportion of pulmonary dysfunction among adolescent street children smokers and to evaluate relation between smoking behaviour with pulmonary dysfunction.

Methods: A cross sectional study among 317 street children, aged 10-18 years old, including smokers and non-smokers which were recruited consecutively. Subjects undergone pulmonary function test which measured FEV1/ FVC, FEV1, FVC, V50 and V25.

Results: Subject smokers were 182 children, most of them were occasional smokers (53%), smoking period around 1-2 years (54%), using filtered cigarettes (58%), and consuming 1-10 cigarettes per day (93%). Mean pulmonary function parameter values of smokers were lower than non-smokers, significant difference for FEV1 and FVC (p<0.05). Mean FEV1 and FVC between smoking and nonsmoking girls were significant difference, and also mean FVC of boys (p<0.05). There was significant difference in proportion of pulmonary function abnormalities between smokers and non-smokers (p=0.016). There was relation between types of cigarettes with pulmonary dysfunction (p<0.001), the abnormalities mostly impact to kretek smokers. There was relation between smoking behaviour with pulmonary function abnormalities (p=0.046).

Conclusion: Mean pulmonary function parameter values (FEV1 and FVC) of smokers were lower than non-smokers. Pulmonary dysfunction proportion among adolescent street children smokers was 26.5%, consist of combined disorder (16.1%), restrictive (8.2%) and obstructive (2.2%). There was relation between types of cigarettes and smoking behavior with pulmonary function abnormalities."

"[ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Pekerja penyamakan kulit berpotensi terpajan oleh berbagai polutan pencemar udara, salah satunya kromium. Terhirupnya polutan kromium dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan seperti sesak nafas, batuk, penurunan fungsi paru, hingga kanker paru. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan pajaran konsentrasi kromium di tempat kerja dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional terhadap 61 orang pekerja penyamakan kulit di Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut. Kapasitas vital paksa (FVC) dan volume ekpirasi paksa satu detik (FEV1) diukur menggunakan spirometri Datospris mod 120 Sibelmed. Kromium total di tempat kerja diukur menggunakan low volume sampler dan dianalisis menggunakan atomic absorbtion spectrofotometry (AAS). Hasil: konsentrasi kromium total di tempat kerja berkisar antara 3.94-11.79 μg/m3. Kondisi fungsi paru pekera penyamakan kulit sebagaian besar masih besar masih dalam keadaan normal (FEV1/FVC>75%). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa masa kerja dan pajanan debu kromium meningkatkan risiko tejadinya fungsi paru pada pekerja, (p 0.024) dengan 95% CI (0.086-0.830). Kesimpulan: setelah dikontrol dengan masa kerja, pekerja yang terpajan kromium lebih besar, berisiko terkena gangguan fungsi paru.

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ABSTRACTBackground: tannery workers have been potentially exposed to various air pollutants, such as chromium. Exposed by chromium can affect health status, such as shortness of breath, cough, decreased lung function, and lung cancer. Objective: to determine the relationship of chromium exposure in the workplace and worker?s pulmonary dysfunction. Method: this study used a cross-sectional design on 61 people working at tanneries in Sukaregang, Garut district. Lung function was measured by spirometry. Low volume of sample was used to measure the chromium in the air and analyzed using atomic absorbtion spectrofotometry (AAS). Result: the concentration of total chromium in the workplace ranged from 3.94-11.79 μg/m3, while most of worker?s pulmonary function still in normal condition. Multivariate analysis showed that length of exposure and chromium concentration increases the risk of pulmonary dysfunction in tannery workers, (p 0.024 95% CI 0.068-0.830). Conclusion: control by lenght of exposure showed tannery worker who expose to higher concentration of chromium, have more risk to get pulmonary dysfunction.;Background: tannery workers have been potentially exposed to various air pollutants, such as chromium. Exposed by chromium can affect health status, such as shortness of breath, cough, decreased lung function, and lung cancer. Objective: to determine the relationship of chromium exposure in the workplace and worker?s pulmonary dysfunction. Method: this study used a cross-sectional design on 61 people working at tanneries in Sukaregang, Garut district. Lung function was measured by spirometry. Low volume of sample was used to measure the chromium in the air and analyzed using atomic absorbtion spectrofotometry (AAS). Result: the concentration of total chromium in the workplace ranged from 3.94-11.79 μg/m3, while most of worker?s pulmonary function still in normal condition. Multivariate analysis showed that length of exposure and chromium concentration increases the risk of pulmonary dysfunction in tannery workers, (p 0.024 95% CI 0.068-0.830). Conclusion: control by lenght of exposure showed tannery worker who expose to higher concentration of chromium, have more risk to get pulmonary dysfunction., Background: tannery workers have been potentially exposed to various air pollutants, such as chromium. Exposed by chromium can affect health status, such as shortness of breath, cough, decreased lung function, and lung cancer. Objective: to determine the relationship of chromium exposure in the workplace and worker’s pulmonary dysfunction. Method: this study used a cross-sectional design on 61 people working at tanneries in Sukaregang, Garut district. Lung function was measured by spirometry. Low volume of sample was used to measure the chromium in the air and analyzed using atomic absorbtion spectrofotometry (AAS). Result: the concentration of total chromium in the workplace ranged from 3.94-11.79 μg/m3, while most of worker’s pulmonary function still in normal condition. Multivariate analysis showed that length of exposure and chromium concentration increases the risk of pulmonary dysfunction in tannery workers, (p 0.024 95% CI 0.068-0.830). Conclusion: control by lenght of exposure showed tannery worker who expose to higher concentration of chromium, have more risk to get pulmonary dysfunction.]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Hiperglikemia kronik pada pasien Diabetes melitus tipe 1 (DMT1) dihubungkan dengan kerusakan jangka panjang, gangguan fungsi dan kerusakan berbagai organ tubuh lain seperti mata, ginjal, saraf, jantung dan pembuluh kapiler. Salah satu gangguan fungsi organ yang sering diabaikan sebagai akibat hiperglikemia adalah faal paru. Uji fungsi paru dapat membedakan kelainan paru obstruktif, restriktif atau campuran antara obstruktif dn restriktif. Uji fungsi paru dengan spirometri tidak dapat dilakukan dengan baik pada anak dibawah usia 7 atau 8 tahun karena memerlukan koordinasi yang cukup sulit. Penelitian tentang dampak DMT1 terhadap paru di Indonesia belum ada sampai saat ini.Tujuan : Mengetahui gambaran uji fungsi paru pada pasien DMT1 usia 8-18 tahun.Metode : Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di Poliklinik Endokrinologi dan Respirologi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM), serta Laboratorium Prodia Salemba pada bulan Januari 2015. Wawancara orangtua dilakukan dan data kadar HbA1c dalam rentang satu tahun terakhir diambil dari rekam medis subjek atau berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan sebelumnya. Uji fungsi paru dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali dan diambil salah satu hasil yang terbaik. Kemudian subjek menjalani pengambilan darah untuk pemeriksaan kadar HbA1c dengan metode cation-exchange high pressure liquod chromatography (HPLC) di Laboratorium Prodia.Hasil : Tiga puluh lima subjek berpartisipasi dalam penelitian, terdiri dari 68,6% perempuan. Rerata usia 14 ± 2,7 tahun dan median durasi DM adalah 4 tahun (1,3-10,2 tahun). Rerata parameter FEV1 adalah 86,8 ± 14%, FVC 82,7 ± 12% dan V25 83,1 ± 26,2%. Median FEV1/FVC adalah 92,4 % (77,6-100) dan V50 91,5 % (41,1-204). Fungsi paru normal didapatkan pada 19 subjek (54,3%) dan fungsi paru terganggu sebanyak 16 subjek (45,7%), terdiri dari 10 subjek (28,6%) gangguan restriktif, 2 subjek (5,7%) gangguan obstruktif dan 4 subjek (11,4%) gangguan campuran. Rerata HbA1c dalam 1 tahun terakhir pada subjek dengan gangguan restriktif adalah 10,3%. Simpulan : Nilai parameter uji fungsi paru pasien DMT1 usia 8-18 tahun masih dalam batas normal. Gangguan fungsi paru didapatkan pada 16 subjek (45,7%) dengan gangguan restriksi terbanyak yaitu 10 subjek (28,6%).

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ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with long term functional impairment and damage of several parts of the body, such as eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and capillary blood vessels. Among all systems, disorder of pulmonary function due to hyperglycemia is often neglected by physicians. Pulmonary function test could determine whether the lung impairment is obstructive, restrictive, or mixed. Pulmonary function test using spirometry could not be applied to children below 7 or 8 years old because they are not capable to do the test. Until now, research about the effect of T1DM to pulmonary function has never been done in Indonesia.Objective: To obtain pulmonary function test profile in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients aged 8 to 18 years old.Methods: This cross sectional study took place at Endocrinology and Respirology Outpatient Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) and Prodia Laboratory Service in Salemba in January 2015. Parents of subjects were interviewed for history disease. HbA1c level of recent year was collected from medical records or from previous test results. Pulmonary function test were conducted three times to each subjects and among those three results, the best was chosen as data. Blood samples were collected for HbA1c level measurement. The HbA1c level was measured by cation-exchange high pressure liquod chromatography (HPLC) method in Prodia Laboratory.Results: Thirty five subjects participated in the research, 68.6% of them were female. The average age was 14 ± 2.7 years and the median duration of diabetes melitus was 4 years (1.3-10.2 years). FEV1, FVC, and V25 average was 86.8 ± 14%, 82.7 ± 12%, and 83.1 ± 26.2%, respectively. The median of FEV1/FVC and V50 was 92.4 % (77.6-100) and 91.5% (41.1-204) respectively. Nineteen subjects (54.3%) had normal pulmonary function and among 16 (45.7%) abnormal subjects, 10 (28.6%) had restrictive disorder, 2 (5.7%) had obstructive disorder, and 4 (11.4%) had mixed disorder. Average of HbA1c level of restrictive group was 10.3%.Conclusions: Pulmonary function test parameter profile in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients aged 8 to 18 years old lies in normal range. Pulmonary function disorder was found in 16 subjects (45.7%). Among those 16 subjects, 10 (28.6%) had restriction disorder.;Background: Chronic hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with long term functional impairment and damage of several parts of the body, such as eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and capillary blood vessels. Among all systems, disorder of pulmonary function due to hyperglycemia is often neglected by physicians. Pulmonary function test could determine whether the lung impairment is obstructive, restrictive, or mixed. Pulmonary function test using spirometry could not be applied to children below 7 or 8 years old because they are not capable to do the test. Until now, research about the effect of T1DM to pulmonary function has never been done in Indonesia. Objective: To obtain pulmonary function test profile in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients aged 8 to 18 years old. Methods: This cross sectional study took place at Endocrinology and Respirology Outpatient Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) and Prodia Laboratory Service in Salemba in January 2015. Parents of subjects were interviewed for history disease. HbA1c level of recent year was collected from medical records or from previous test results. Pulmonary function test were conducted three times to each subjects and among those three results, the best was chosen as data. Blood samples were collected for HbA1c level measurement. The HbA1c level was measured by cation-exchange high pressure liquod chromatography (HPLC) method in Prodia Laboratory. Results: Thirty five subjects participated in the research, 68.6% of them were female. The average age was 14 ± 2.7 years and the median duration of diabetes melitus was 4 years (1.3-10.2 years). FEV1, FVC, and V25 average was 86.8 ± 14%, 82.7 ± 12%, and 83.1 ± 26.2%, respectively. The median of FEV1/FVC and V50 was 92.4 % (77.6-100) and 91.5% (41.1-204) respectively. Nineteen subjects (54.3%) had normal pulmonary function and among 16 (45.7%) abnormal subjects, 10 (28.6%) had restrictive disorder, 2 (5.7%) had obstructive disorder, and 4 (11.4%) had mixed disorder. Average of HbA1c level of restrictive group was 10.3%. Conclusions: Pulmonary function test parameter profile in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients aged 8 to 18 years old lies in normal range. Pulmonary function disorder was found in 16 subjects (45.7%). Among those 16 subjects, 10 (28.6%) had restriction disorder., Background: Chronic hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with long term functional impairment and damage of several parts of the body, such as eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and capillary blood vessels. Among all systems, disorder of pulmonary function due to hyperglycemia is often neglected by physicians. Pulmonary function test could determine whether the lung impairment is obstructive, restrictive, or mixed. Pulmonary function test using spirometry could not be applied to children below 7 or 8 years old because they are not capable to do the test. Until now, research about the effect of T1DM to pulmonary function has never been done in Indonesia. Objective: To obtain pulmonary function test profile in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients aged 8 to 18 years old. Methods: This cross sectional study took place at Endocrinology and Respirology Outpatient Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) and Prodia Laboratory Service in Salemba in January 2015. Parents of subjects were interviewed for history disease. HbA1c level of recent year was collected from medical records or from previous test results. Pulmonary function test were conducted three times to each subjects and among those three results, the best was chosen as data. Blood samples were collected for HbA1c level measurement. The HbA1c level was measured by cation-exchange high pressure liquod chromatography (HPLC) method in Prodia Laboratory. Results: Thirty five subjects participated in the research, 68.6% of them were female. The average age was 14 ± 2.7 years and the median duration of diabetes melitus was 4 years (1.3-10.2 years). FEV1, FVC, and V25 average was 86.8 ± 14%, 82.7 ± 12%, and 83.1 ± 26.2%, respectively. The median of FEV1/FVC and V50 was 92.4 % (77.6-100) and 91.5% (41.1-204) respectively. Nineteen subjects (54.3%) had normal pulmonary function and among 16 (45.7%) abnormal subjects, 10 (28.6%) had restrictive disorder, 2 (5.7%) had obstructive disorder, and 4 (11.4%) had mixed disorder. Average of HbA1c level of restrictive group was 10.3%. Conclusions: Pulmonary function test parameter profile in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients aged 8 to 18 years old lies in normal range. Pulmonary function disorder was found in 16 subjects (45.7%). Among those 16 subjects, 10 (28.6%) had restriction disorder.]"

"Latar belakang. Komplikasi paru pascaoperasi merupakan salah satu penyebab penting morbiditas dan mortalitas pascaoperasi yang berkaitan dengan anestesia dan pembedahan. Pengaturan ventilasi mekanis berpengaruh terhadap munculnya komplikasi paru pascaoperasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti pengaruh volume tidal 6 mL/kg dan 10 mL/kg dengan menggunakan PEEP 6 cmH2O terhadap penanda fungsi paru yaitu PaO2/FiO2.Metode. Penelitian ini bersifat uji klinis acak senter tunggal terhadap pasien yang menjalani operasi abdominal mayor elektif di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan November 2014 sampai April 2015. Sebanyak 52 subyek diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling. Subyek diacak dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok yang medapat volume tidal 6 mL/kg dengan PEEP 6 cmH2O dan volume tidal 10 mL/kg dengan PEEP 6 cmH2O. Keluaran primer adalah pemeriksaan fungsi paru menggunakan rasio PaO2/FiO2. Keluaran sekunder adalah komplikasi paru (pneumonia, atelektasis, ARDS, gagal napas), komplikasi ekstraparu (SIRS, sepsis, sepsis berat), dan mortalitas dalam 28 hari pascaoperatif.Hasil. Kedua grup memiliki karakteristik dasar dan intraoperatif yang sama. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna rasio PaO2/FiO2 antara kelompok VT-6 mL/kg dengan VT-10 mL/kg, baik pada awal operasi (p=0,14), akhir operasi (p=0,44), hari pertama pascaoperasi (p=0,23), dan hari kedua pascaoperasi (p=0,39). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna keluaran sekunder berupa kompikasi paru sampai hari ke-7 pascaoperasi, ekstraparu sampai hari ke-7 pascaoperasi, dan mortalitas dalam 28 hari pascaoperasi antara kedua kelompok.Simpulan. Volume tidal-6 sampai volume tidal-10 dengan PEEP6 cmH2O aman untuk dipakai pada pasien yang menjalani operasi abdominal mayor.

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Background. Postoperative pulmonary complications are one of the important causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality associated with anesthesia and surgery. Mechanical ventilation settings influence the emergence of postoperative pulmonary complications. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of tidal volume 6 mL/kgBW and 10 mL/kgBW with PEEP 6cmH2O to pulmonary function which is measured by the ratio of PaO2 / FiO2.Methods. This study is a single center randomized clinical trial on patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in November 2014 to April 2015. A total of 52 subjects were taken with consecutive sampling method. The subjects were randomized into two groups: the group receiving tidal volume 6 mL/kgBW with PEEP 6 cmH2O and the group receiving tidal volume of 10 mL/kgBW with PEEP 6 cmH2O. The primary output is the assessment of pulmonary function using the ratio of PaO2/FiO2. Secondary outputs are pulmonary complications (pneumonia, atelectasis, ARDS, respiratory failure), extrapulmonary complications (SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis), and mortality within 28 days postoperative.Results. The two intervention groups had similar characteristics at baseline. There are no significant PaO2 / FiO2 ratio differences between the VT - 6 mL/kgBB with VT - 10 mL/kgBB, at the start of the operation (p=0,14), the end of surgery (p=0.44), the first postoperative day (p=0,23), and the second postoperative day (p=0,39) . There is no significant difference in the secondary outcomes in form of pulmonary complications until postoperative day 7, extrapulmonary complications until postoperative day 7, and in 28-days postoperative mortality between the two groups.Conclusions : Tidal volume of 6 to 10 mL/kg with PEEP 6 cmH2O are safe for use in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery."

"ABSTRAKSumber PM2,5 banyak dihasilkan dari kegiatan antropogenik sepertitransportasi industri, dan rumah tangga. Sumber dari kegiatan industri biasanyabanyak berasal dari kegiatan pertambangan, cerobong asap pabrik, hasilpembakaran dan industri semen (WHO, 2006). Tujuan utama dalam penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko PM2,5 dan hubungannya dengan penurunanfungsi paru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analisis risiko dan epidemiologi dengandesain cross sectional, jumlah sample 92 responden dan teknik pengambilansampel adalah proporsional simple random sampling. Data diperoleh darikuisioner, pengukuran PM2,5 pengukuran antropometri dan pengukuran fungsiparu. Fungsi paru diperiksa dengan menggunakan spirometri tes untukmendapatkan nilai FVC dan FEV1. Konsentrasi PM2,5 diukur denganmenggunakan High Volume Air Sampler. Analisis uji statistik menggunakan Chisquare dan regresi linear dengan derajat kepercayaan 95%. Untuk menghitungbesarnya risiko dilakukan sampling konsentrasi PM2,5 di 6 titik area. Hasilperhitungan risiko lifetime menunjukkan terdapat 5 area berisiko dengan nilai RQ> 1, yaitu storage, raw mill, kiln, finish mill dan packing. Prevalensi penurunanfungsi paru pada pekerja industri semen sebesar 60,9% di mana 50% menagalamirestriktif dan 10,9% mengalami obstruktif. Hasil analisis menjukkan hubunganyang signifikan antara gangguan fungsi paru dengan konsntrasi PM2,5 (p= 0,035,OR=2,722), umur (p= 0,020, OR= 2,833), status gizi (p=0,007, OR= 3,323),kebiasaan merokok (p= 0,035, OR= 2,60), aktifitas fisik (p=0,035, OR= 2,667),lama kerja (p=0,028, OR= 3,400), masa kerja (p= 0,018, OR= 3,015). Dengananalisis multivariat, didapatkan faktor yang paling berhubungan terhadadapgangguan fungsi paru adalah, konsentrasi PM2,5, usia, sratus gizi, kebiasaanmerokok dan masa kerja. Selanjutnya diperlukan upaya untuk perbaikanlingkungan area kerja dengan memperhatikan risiko yang ditimbulkan daripajanan PM2,5 dan melakukan manajemen risiko di area kerja.

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ABSTRACTSource PM2,5 many resulting from anthropogenic activities such as thetransport industry and households. Sources from industrial activities usually comefrom mining activities, smokestacks, the products of combustion and cementindustries (WHO, 2006). The main objective of this research is to determine thelevel of risk PM2,5 and its relationship with the decline in lung function. Thisresearch is a risk analysis and epidemiology with cross-sectional design, thenumber of samples 92 respondents and sampling techniques is proportional simplerandom sampling. Data obtained from the questionnaire, anthropometricmeasurements PM2,5 measurements and measurements of lung function. Lungfunction is checked by using a spirometry test to get the value of FVC and FEV1 .PM2,5 concentration was measured by using a High Volume Air Sampler.Statistical analysis using Chi-square test and linear regression with 95%confidence level. To calculate the amount of risk sampling PM2,5 concentration in6 point area. The results show the lifetime risk calculations are five risk areas withRQ values> 1, ie storage, raw mill, kiln, mill and packing finish. The prevalenceof lung function decline in cement industry workers amounted to 60.9% where50% menagalami restrictive and 10.9% had obstructive. The results of theanalysis is significant association between impaired lung function byconsentration PM2,5 (p = 0.035, OR = 2.722), age (p = 0.020, OR = 2.833),nutritional status (p = 0.007, OR = 3.323), smoking (p = 0.035, OR = 2.60),physical activity (p = 0.035, OR = 2.667), duration of action (p = 0.028, OR =3.400), age (p = 0.018, OR = 3.015). By multivariate analysis, it was found thefactors most associated to lung function impairment is, the concentration of PM2,5,age, sratus nutrition, smoking habits and tenure. Further efforts are needed forenvironmental improvement work area by taking into account risks arising fromexposure to PM2,5 and perform risk management in the work area."