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Abstrak :
Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas ektrak kulit buah Manggis sebagai anti Staphylococcus aureus pada agar Mueller Hinton. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimental laboratorik dengan 11 kelompok perlakuan. Ekstrak kulit buah Manggis dengan pengenceran 10 kali, 15 kali, 20 kali, 30 kali, dan 40 kali dibuat triplo dan digunakan sebagai sampel uji. Eritromisin pengenceran 10 kali, 15 kali, 20 kali, 30 kali, dan 40 kali dibuat triplo dan digunakan sebagai kontrol positif. Akuabides dibuat triplo dan digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil akhir diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 16.0. Hasil: Rerata diameter zona hambat pada agar Mueller Hinton untuk ekstrak kulit buah Manggis pengenceran 10 kali sebesar 32 mm, pengenceran 15 kali sebesar 31 mm, pengenceran 20 kali sebesar 27 mm, pengenceran 30 kali sebesar 21 mm, dan pengenceran 40 kali sebesar 0 mm. Diskusi: Staphylococcus aureus bersifat sensitif terhadap pemberian ekstrak kulit buah Manggis pengenceran 10 kali, 15 kali dan 20 kali; bersifat intermediet pada pengenceran 30 kali; dan bersifat resisten pada pengenceran 40 kali. ...... This study was conducted to examine the activity of the extraction of mangosteen peel as anti Staphylococcus aureus on Mueller Hinton agar. Method: This study is experimental laboratoric. Eleven treatment groups have been used in this study. The dilution of mangosteen peel extraction at 10 fold, 15 fold, 20 fold, 30 fold, and 40 fold have been made triplo as test sample. The dilution of Erythromycin at 10 fold, 15 fold, 20 fold, 30 fold, and 40 fold have been made triplo as positive control. Aquades bidestilation has been made triplo as negative control. The outcome will be processed by SPSS version 16.0. Results: Mean diameter of inhibition zone by Mangosteen peel extraction at 10 fold dilution, 15 fold dilution, 20 fold dilution, 30 fold dilution, 40 fold dilution respectively is 32 mm, 31 mm, 27 mm, 21 mm, and 0 mm. Discussion: Staphylococcus aureus is sensitive at 10 fold dilution, 15 fold dilution, and 20 fold dilution; is intermediet at 30 fold dilution; and resistant at 40 fold dilution of Mangosteen peel extraction.

Abstrak :
Buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang banyak digunakan untuk mengatasi berbagai penyakit. Penelitian terdahulu melaporkan bahwa G. mangostana mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang poten yang berperan melindungi sel dari stres oksidatif. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji efek hepatoprotektif dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (EEKBM) pada tikus yang diinduksi dengan karbon tetraklorida (CCl4). Tikus jantan galur Sprague- Dawley dengan berat 150-200 g, 11-12 minggu, dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok secara acak, tiap kelompok terdiri atas 5 ekor tikus. Kelompok I: kontrol. Kelompok II: diberikan CCl4. Kelompok perlakuan III, IV, V diberikan EEKBM dengan dosis 900, 1080 dan 1296 mg/kgBB/hari secara oral selama 8 hari. Aktivitas alanin aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehid (MDA) dan glutation (GSH) diukur pada plasma dan jaringan hati tikus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas ALT plasma dan kadar MDA hati kelompok EEKBM (900, 1080 dan 1296 mg/kg BB) lebih rendah dibanding kelompok CCl4 secara bermakna (p<0,05). Kadar MDA plasma tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol, tetapi lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok CCl4 secara bermakna (p<0,05). Kadar GSH hati dan plasma dari kelompok EEKBM (900 dan 1080 mg/kg BB) lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok CCl4 secara bermakna (p<0,05). Pada kelompok EEKBM (1296 mg/kg BB) kadar GSH plasma lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok CCl4 secara bermakna (p<0,05). Kesimpulannya, EEKBM mempunyai kemampuan untuk melindungi hati dari kerusakan oksidatif akibat CCl4, kemampuan ini diduga berhubungan dengan aktivitas antioksidan dari kandungan senyawa Garcinia mangostana L. ......Mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.) is traditionally used as medicinal plant. Previous studies mentioned that G. mangostana has a potent antioxidant activity to protect the cells from oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarp (EEMP) in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150-200 g, 11-12 weeks were randomly devided into 5 groups of 5 animals each. Group I: controls. Group II: treatment CCl4, and 3 treatment Groups (III, IV, V). Group III: EEMP 900 mg/kgBW, Group IV: EEMP 1080 mg/kgBW and Group V: EEMP 1296 mg/kgBW. All treatment with plant extracts administered orally, once per day for 8 days. The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) was measured in rats plasma and liver tissue. Results showed that the plasma ALT activity and liver MDA levels of EEMP groups (900, 1080 and 1296 mg/kgBW) were significantly lower compared to CCl4 group (p<0,05), while the plasma MDA levels were not significantly different compare to control group (p<0,05) but higher compared to CCl4 groups (p<0,05). GSH levels of liver and plasma of treatment groups (900 and 1080 mg/kgBW) were significantly higher compared to CCl4 group (p<0,05), while at treatment group of 1296 mg/kgBW, only the GSH levels of plasma were significantly higher compared to CCl4 group (p<0,05). Hence, in conclusion ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarp (EEMP) demonstrated the ability to protect the liver from oxidative damage caused by CCl4, which was assumed due to the antioxidant activity of the active compound of Garcinia mangostana L.

Abstrak :
Pada kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) telah diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif berupa xanthone. Pada penelitian ini kandungan total fenolik, total flavonoid, aktivitas antioksidan dan uji sitotoksisitas dari fraksi etil asetat, n-butanol dan air dibandingkan dengan produk komersial obat ekstrak yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Kandungan total fenolik di dalam hasil fraksinasi berkisar 1,69 – 15,87 mg ekivalen asam galat/g sampel fraksi, dinyatakan setara asam galat. Konsentrasi total flavonoid bervariasi 8,98 – 165,17 mg/ g ekstrak, dinyatakan setara quercetin. Aktivitas antioksidan dan uji sitotoksisitas fraksi etil asetat menunjukkan nilai sebesar 55.75 μg/mL dan 0.0029 μg/mL sebagai nilai IC50 dan LC50. Hasil analisis total fenolik dan total flavonoid menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada sampel yang berasal dari fraksi etil asetat. Nilai IC50 dan LC50 menunjukkan bahwa sample dari fraksi etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan sitotoksisitas tertinggi dan terkuat. Hasil uji bioaktivitas maupun analisis fitokimia pada fraksi- fraksi yang mengandung xanthone ini dapat digunakan untuk menyeleksi sampel yang akan digunakan dalam pembuatan sistem pelepasan obat yang terkendali (controlled drug release). ...... Pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn) has been known one of the active compounds contained is Xanthone. In this study, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity assay of fraction ethyl acetat, n-butanol and water compared to commercial product extracts in pericarp of mangosteen was determined using the spectrophotometric method. The total phenolic content ranged from 1,69 - 15,87 mg/g extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid concentrations varied from 8,98 - 165,17 mg/g extract, expressed as quercetin equivalents. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity assay ethyl acetat fraction showed a value of 55.75 μg/mL dan 0.0029 μg/mL were expressed as IC50 and LC50. From the analysis it was found that ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest total phenolic content and flavonoid concentration also antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity assay ethyl acetate fraction a strong. The test results on the bioactivity and phytochemical analysis of fractions containing xanthones can be used to select a sample that will be used in the manufacture of a controlled drug release.

Abstrak :
This research considers the application of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) as green solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds, mainly ?-mangostin, from the pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). Extractions were carried out using NADES consisting of choline chloride, a quarternary ammonium salt, and four hydrogen bond donors: 1,2-propanediol, citric acid, glycerol, and glucose. The highest ?-mangostin extraction yield of 2.6 % (w/w) in dried pericarp was obtained using a mixture of choline chloride and 1,2-propanediol in 1:3 mole ratio. The presence of hydrogen bonding was indicated by the broadening of the OH peak in the infra-red spectra of the NADES used. The polarity and viscosity data of NADES were determined to describe the solubility of a-mangostin. The decomposition and glass transition temperatures were determined in order to study their thermal behavior and stability. The results of this study suggest that NADES made of choline chloride and diol-based hydrogen bond donors are effective for the extraction of bioactive compounds from the mangosteen pericarp.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Fraksi diklormetana kulit buah manggis Garcinia mangostana L diketahui kaya akan kandungan xanton dan terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang poten. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek gel transfersom fraksi diklormetana kulit buah manggis terhadap elastisitas dan kelembaban kulit pada wanita pascamenopause. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental acak tersamar tunggal terhadap 46 wanita pascamenopause yang terbagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok kontrol diberikan gel transfersom GT dan kelompok perlakuan diberikan gel transfersom fraksi diklormetana kulit buah manggis GTF . Penelitian dilakukan selama 6 minggu dan perubahannya diukur menggunakan Cutometer dan Corneometer. Uji potensi iritasi dilakukan sebelum perlakuan. Efek yang tidak diinginkan dari sediaan diamati selama perlakuan. Perubahan elastisitas dan kelembaban kulit menunjukkan kecenderungan yang meningkat, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna p>0,05 baik pada kelompok kontrol maupun kelompok perlakuan. Hasil kategori respon iritasi menunjukkan iritasi yang tidak berarti Indeks Iritasi Primer=0.083 dan selama penelitian tidak ditemukan efek yang tidak diinginkan. Gel transfersom xanton aman diaplikasikan namun belum memberikan efek dalam perbaikan elastisitas dan kelembaban kulit wanita pascamenopause. Kemungkinan membutuhkan peningkatan dosis zat aktif atau waktu yang lebih lama.

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ABSTRACT
Dichlormethane fraction of mangosteen pericarp Garcinia mangostana L. has high contents of xanthones and it has proven to have potential antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dichlormethane fraction of mangosteen pericarp loaded transfersom gel on skin elasticity and skin hydration in postmenopausal women. This study design was single blind randomized controlled trial on 46 postmenopausal women which were divided into two groups. The control and treatment group were given a transfersom gel GT and a dichlormethane fraction of mangosteen pericarp loaded transfersom gel GTF respectivley. The study was conducted for 6 weeks and the elasticity and hydration status of the skin was measured by Cutometer and Corneometer. The potential irritant test was carried out before the treatment. The adverse effects observed during the the treatment. The irritation response categories showed non significant irritation Primary Irritation Index 0.083 during the study and no adverse effects. The changes in skin elasticity and skin hydration showed an incensement trend, but no significant difference p 0.05 for both the control and treatment group. Transfersome gel xanthones is safe but no effect in improving skin elasticity and skin hydration of postmenopausal women. It may take longer or dose incensement of the active ingredient.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Obat herbal diklaim sangat bermanfaat untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah kesehatan dan estetik walaupun belum didukung dengan bukti ilmiah, salah satunya adalah manfaat sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan secara oral dan topikal disebut sebagai salah satu terapi penuaan kulit, salah satu yang memiliki aktivitasnya adalah kulit manggis dan pegagan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis uji in vitro dan uji in vivo ekstrak kombinasi kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dan herba pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) sebagai krim antioksidan. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak diuji secara in vitro dengan metode DPPH. Sebelum uji in vivo dilakukan pembuatan krim dan uji stabilitasnya, yaitu sediaan krim uji berisi 5% ekstrak kombinasi kulit manggis dan herba pegagan dan sediaan krim kontrol berisi 5% ekstrak tunggal kulit manggis. Secara in vivo terhadap wanita usia 30-40 tahun dilakukan uji keamanan yaitu Repeated Opened Patch Test (ROPT) dan Single Closed Patch Test (SCPT) serta uji manfaat dengan menggunakan alat Corneometer, Cutometer dan Mexameter untuk melihat parameter kelembaban, elastisitas dan tingkat kecerahan kulit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan ektrak kombinasi kulit manggis dan herba pegagan secara uji in vitro memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang cukup tinggi, dan secara in vivo menunjukkan manfaat namun secara statistik tidak berbeda makna (P>0.05).

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Abstract
Herbal based products have been widely used for the health as well as the esthetics purposes even though not all the benefits are scientifically supported, one of them is the antioxidant. The oral and topical antioxidants have been recently been used as antiaging therapy, among them are the mangosteen pericarp and the gotukola. The objective of the present study is to investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the combined extracts of mangosteen pericarp and the gotukola. The in vitro antioxidant efficacy has been done using the DPPH method. The cream containing the combined extracts respectively were applied to the test group while the cream containing the mangosteen extract were applied to the control group . The in vivo efficacy tests of ROPT and SCPT were conducted on the women volunteers using the Corneometer, Cutometer and Mexameter to evaluate the skin moisture content, elasticity and the brightness. The in vitro results shows that the combined extracts posseses high antioxidant activity while the in vivo results do not show significant difference compared to the single extract (P>0.05).

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) diketahui memiliki banyak pengaruh dalam aktivitas biologi. Salah satu potensi dari ekstrak kulit Garcinia mangostana L. (GM) ialah sebagai anti-kanker kolorektal. Untuk meningkatkan efektifitas ekstrak di organ target, ekstrak di mikroenkapsulasi dengan senyawa kitosan alginat. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat efek toksik, efek kumulatif dan efek reversibilitas ekstrak GM pada pengamatan gambaran histologi hati mencit melalui pemberian selama 14 hari. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan 80 ekor mencit BALB/c jantan dan betina yang berusia 6-8 minggu. Mencit tersebut dibagi ke dalam 7 kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri dari kelompok dosis uji 0,5; 1; dan 2 g/kgBB, kontrol akuades, kontrol pelarut GOM, dan 2 kelompok kontrol satelit (kontrol akuades dan dosis uji tinggi 2 g/kgBB). Setiap kelompok diberikan perlakuan pemberian sediaan secara oral melalui sonde selama 14 hari. Proses terminasi dilakukan pada hari ke-15 dan untuk kelompok satelit proses terminasi dilakukan di hari ke-29. Hasil: tidak ditemukan perbedaan gambaran histologi hati yang signifikan pada pemberian ekstrak GM dosis uji 0,5; 1; dan 2 g/kgBB dengan kelompok kontrol akuades dan pelarut (p>0,05), tetapi hasil yang signifikan ditemukan pada perbandingan gambaran histologi kelompok kontrol pelarut dan akuades p=0,008 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: pemberian mikroenkapsulasi fraksi etil asetat ekstrak GM pada dosis 0,5; 1 dan 2 g/kgBB tidak menimbulkan efek toksik pada hati dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai kandidat terapi kanker kolorektal. ......Introduction: Garcinia mangostana L. (GM) pericarp has been known for their abundant effect in many biological activities. Anti-colorectal cancer is one of the biological potential of GM pericarp extract. In order to increase the effectivity in targeted organ area, the extract are microencapsulated with chitosan-alginate. The purpose of this study are to find the toxicity, cumulative, reversibility effect of GM extract on mice liver histology in 14 days administration. Method: this study are using BALB/c mice (n=80), age 6-8 weeks, have same male and female proportion. Those mice are grouped into seven different treatment group that consist of test dose (0,5; 1; and 2 g/kgBW), aquades control, solvent control and two satellite group (aquades control and test group with 2 g/kgBW dose). Each treatment was given via oral administration for 14 days. The termination process is carried out on day 15th and for the satellite group the termination process is carried out on day 29th. Results: No significant liver histology damage was found in the administration of the extract dose 0.5; 1; and 2 g / kgBW with the control group (aquades and solvent) p> 0.05, but significant differences was found in solvent and aquades control group p = 0.008. Conclusion: microencapsulation of GM extract at a dose of 0.5; 1 and 2 g/kgBW do not cause significant liver damage and it has potention to develop as a candidate for anti-coloncancer therapy.

Abstrak :
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) sebagai pelarut dalam ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif dapat menggantikan pelarut organik konvensional yang bersifat toksik bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan. NADES memiliki volatilitas yang dapat diabaikan pada suhu ruang, solubilitas tinggi, toksisitas rendah dan bersifat biodegradable. Pada penelitian ini, kemampuan NADES dalam mengekstraksi -mangostin dari kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dievaluasi. NADES dibuat dari campuran antara betain dengan donor ikatan hidrogen dari berbagai jenis alkohol dalam berbagai variasi rasio molar. Pada NADES dilakukan analisa struktur kimia, uji polaritas, uji viskositas, dan uji perilaku termal, untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisis dan kimianya. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode pengadukan pada suhu ruang. Kuantitas hasil ekstraksi dianalisa dengan high performance liquid chromatography. Hasil ekstraksi α-mangostin menggunakan NADES berbasis betain dengan 1,4-butanediol (rasio molar 1:3) serta 1,2-propanediol (rasio molar 1:3) mencapai 3,07% massa dan 3,02% massa, lebih tinggi dibandingkan hasil ekstraksi α-mangostin dengan pelarut etanol yakni 2,99% massa. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan potensi yang bagus dari NADES sebagai pelarut alternatif untuk mengekstraksi berbagai senyawa bioaktif dari alam. ......Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) as an extraction solvent of bioactive compounds can replace the conventional organic solvents which are toxic for environment and human health. NADES has a negligible volatility at room temperature, high solubility, and low toxicity. In this research, the ability of NADES to extract α-mangosteen from the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp is evaluated. NADES is made from a mixture of betaine with hydrogen bond donors of some types of alcohols, and in some varieties of molar ratios. There are chemical structure analysis, polarity test, viscosity test, and thermal behavior test, to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of NADES. The extraction method used is shaking method at room temperature. The quantities of extraction yield were tested by using high performance liquid chromatography. The extraction yield of α-mangosteen using betain based NADES with 1,4-butanediol (1:3 molar ratio) and 1,2-propanediol (1:3 molar ratio) give 3,07% mass and 3,02% mass, higher than the extraction yield of α-mangosteen using ethanol, 2,99% mass. This research shows a good potential of NADES as an alternative solvent for extraction of bioactive compounds from nature.

Abstrak :
[Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) merupakan buah yang banyak tumbuh di negara tropis, di antaranya Indonesia dan Thailand. Bagian kulit (pericarp) Manggis memiliki banyak khasiat, salah satunya sebagai antikanker. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dilakukan uji sitotoksisitas untuk melihat efek ekstrak kulit buah Manggis terhadap viabilitas sel leukemia MT-2. Untuk membuat ekstrak, pelarut yang digunakan adalah etanol 99%. Ekstrak etanol kulit buah Manggis dibuat dengan menggunakan alat rotary evaporator. Konsentrasi ekstrak dibagi menjadi delapan yakni, 6,25 μg/ml, 12,5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, dan 800 μg/ml. Penambahan DMSO dan media kultur digunakan sebagai kontrol. Ekstrak dan kontrol diberikan kepada sel leukemia MT-2 dan dilakukan uji sitotoksisitas dengan menggunakan metode MTT-Assay. Hasil uji sitotoksisitas berupa kepadatan sel yang dinyatakan dengan Optical Density (OD). Data ini diolah sehingga menghasilkan IC50. Nilai IC50 yang didapatkan adalah 1,72 μg/ml yang tergolong sitotoksik kuat. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis, dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc Mann Whitney dan didapatkan hasil perbedaan bermakna pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 6,25 μg/ml, 12,5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, dan 50 μg/ml.;Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). is a fruit which grows in tropical countries, includes Indonesia and Thailand. Its peel or pericarp has a lot of benefits. One of the benefits is as anticancer. To test the effectiveness of the peel as anticancer, cytotoxicity test should be done. The previous researches haven?t done the test on leukemia MT-2 cells, so this research did this test on leukemia MT-2 cells to know the effect of mangosteen pericarp ethanol extract to the viability of this cancer cell. This research used ethanol 99% for the solvent. Mangosteen pericarp ethanol extract was made by using rotary evaporator. The extract was adjusted into eight concentrations, which are 6.25 μg/ml, 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, and 800 μg/ml. DMSO and culture media were used for the control. Both the extract and the control were given to the leukemia MT-2 cells and were tested for cytotoxicity test. MTT-Assay method was used for the cytotoxicity test. The result of cytotoxicity test is called Optical Density (OD) or the density of the cancer cells which are still ?alive?. This data was processing so that the IC50 can be valued. The IC50 value from this experiment is 1.72 μg/ml which is a very strong cytotoxicity. For data analysis, this research used Kruskal-Wallis Test and was continued by using Post hoc Mann-Whitney Test. From Post hoc Mann-Whitney Test, there are the significant differences between several concentrations. The significant differences can be seen on control group and tested group with concentration 6.25 μg/ml, 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, and 50 μg/ml;Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). is a fruit which grows in tropical countries, includes Indonesia and Thailand. Its peel or pericarp has a lot of benefits. One of the benefits is as anticancer. To test the effectiveness of the peel as anticancer, cytotoxicity test should be done. The previous researches haven?t done the test on leukemia MT-2 cells, so this research did this test on leukemia MT-2 cells to know the effect of mangosteen pericarp ethanol extract to the viability of this cancer cell. This research used ethanol 99% for the solvent. Mangosteen pericarp ethanol extract was made by using rotary evaporator. The extract was adjusted into eight concentrations, which are 6.25 μg/ml, 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, and 800 μg/ml. DMSO and culture media were used for the control. Both the extract and the control were given to the leukemia MT-2 cells and were tested for cytotoxicity test. MTT-Assay method was used for the cytotoxicity test. The result of cytotoxicity test is called Optical Density (OD) or the density of the cancer cells which are still ?alive?. This data was processing so that the IC50 can be valued. The IC50 value from this experiment is 1.72 μg/ml which is a very strong cytotoxicity. For data analysis, this research used Kruskal-Wallis Test and was continued by using Post hoc Mann-Whitney Test. From Post hoc Mann-Whitney Test, there are the significant differences between several concentrations. The significant differences can be seen on control group and tested group with concentration 6.25 μg/ml, 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, and 50 μg/ml, Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). is a fruit which grows in tropical countries, includes Indonesia and Thailand. Its peel or pericarp has a lot of benefits. One of the benefits is as anticancer. To test the effectiveness of the peel as anticancer, cytotoxicity test should be done. The previous researches haven’t done the test on leukemia MT-2 cells, so this research did this test on leukemia MT-2 cells to know the effect of mangosteen pericarp ethanol extract to the viability of this cancer cell. This research used ethanol 99% for the solvent. Mangosteen pericarp ethanol extract was made by using rotary evaporator. The extract was adjusted into eight concentrations, which are 6.25 μg/ml, 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, and 800 μg/ml. DMSO and culture media were used for the control. Both the extract and the control were given to the leukemia MT-2 cells and were tested for cytotoxicity test. MTT-Assay method was used for the cytotoxicity test. The result of cytotoxicity test is called Optical Density (OD) or the density of the cancer cells which are still ‘alive’. This data was processing so that the IC50 can be valued. The IC50 value from this experiment is 1.72 μg/ml which is a very strong cytotoxicity. For data analysis, this research used Kruskal-Wallis Test and was continued by using Post hoc Mann-Whitney Test. From Post hoc Mann-Whitney Test, there are the significant differences between several concentrations. The significant differences can be seen on control group and tested group with concentration 6.25 μg/ml, 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, and 50 μg/ml]

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Di Indonesia, kanker kolorektal termasuk dalam kanker dengan insidensi tinggi yang memiliki rata-rata kematian sebanyak 10.2% pada pria dan 8.5% pada wanita. Meskipun kemoterapi adalah terapi standar untuk kanker kolorektal, efek samping yang disebabkan masih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan agen antikanker potensial yang berasal dari herbal sebagai terapi baru atau tambahan. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, kulit Garcinia mangostana L. (mangostin) mengandung α- mangostin yang berpotensi sebagai agen antikanker karena dapat memicu apoptosis dan memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang tinggi. Untuk meningkatkan efikasinya di area kolon, fraksinasi ekstrak etil asetat dari G. mangostana L. diformulasikan ke dalam bentuk mikropartikel dan dienkapsulasi dengan kitosan-alginat yang bersifat targeted-release pada area kolon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan LD50 dari fraksinasi etil asetat ekstrak G. mangostana L. dengan mikroenkapsulasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji toksisitas akut oral dengan menggunakan 20 mencit BALB/c betina nulipara yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (n=5) yang diberikan dosis tunggal 2, 3, dan 5 g/kgBB dan satu kelompok kontrol. Administrasi ekstrak pada mencit BALB/c pada dosis tunggal mangosteen 2, 3, dan 5 g/kgBB tidak menunjukkan gejala toksisitas selama 14 hari observasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa mikropartikel ekstrak fraksi etil asetat G. mangostana L. tidak menunjukkan toksisitas pada dosis tunggal 2, 3, dan 5 g/kgBB. Untuk memastikan tingkat keamanan dari partikel ini, perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologi dan biokimia serta uji toksisitas subkronik.

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ABSTRACT
In Indonesia, colorectal cancer is included in the list of cancers with high incidence with estimated death rate of 10.2% in men and 8.5% in women. Although chemotherapy is a standard therapy for colorectal cancer, it leaves a problem of adverse side effects that need to be sought from potential anticancer agents from herbs to be used as a new or additional therapy. Based on previous studies, Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) pericarp contains α- mangostin that is potential as an anti-cancer agent as it can induce apoptosis and has a high antioxidant content. To improve its efficacy in the colon area, fractionation of ethyl acetate extract of G. mangostana L. was then formulated into microparticles encapsulated by chitosan-alginat material which targeted-release aiming the colon area. This research aims to identify the LD50 microencapsulated fractionation of ethyl acetate extract of G. mangostana L. The method used in this experiment was oral acute toxicity test using 20 nulipara female BALB/c mice that were divided into 4 groups (n=5) that were given intragastric administration of a single dose of 2, 3, and 5 g/kg.BW and one control group. Administration of this extract to BALB/c mice at a single dose of 2, 3, and 5 g/kg body weight mangosteen produced no toxicity signs during 14 days of observation. The results of this study indicate that encapsulated of ethyl acetate fraction microparticles of G. mangostana L. extract cause no toxicity at a single dose of 2, 3, and 5 g/kg body weight. To ensure the safety level, histopathological, biochemical examination and subchronic toxicity test are necessary.