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"This paper investigates the stack effect on the power consumption of refrigerated containers. The investigation is based on measurement experimentation that was conducted in Hakata Island City Container Terminal, Fukuoka, Japan. Experimentation was carried out over summer 2015, using three stacks of high cube refrigerated containers. Several sensors and devices were employed to ascertain parameters, including pyranometers, thermocouples, and power analyzers. Five units of pyranometers were set on a horizontal and vertical plane, facing all cardinal directions. Thermocouples were installed inside and outside of walls at a total of twenty points. Power meters employed to measure energy consumption were set on the power plug station nearby the measurement object. Measurement results showed that the stacking position of refrigerated containers affects the distribution of surface temperatures and power consumption. The average surface temperatures obtained on the top tier, middle tier, and bottom tier were 45°C, 41°C and 38°C at noon, respectively. Consequently, the average power consumption from the top tier, middle tier, and bottom tier were shown as 7.7 kW, 7.4 kW and 7.5 kW, respectively. From these results it can be concluded that the stacking effect of containers provides thermal benefit to the power consumption of refrigerated containers that are located on the middle tier and bottom tier."

"Kapal membutuhkan tenaga listrik untuk melakukan segala aktivitas saat sandar di Pelabuhan. Aktivitas Pelabuhan dari mesin kapal menyebabkan meningkatnya emisi udara dan menurunnya kualitas udara di wilayah Pelabuhan dan wilayah terdampak lainnya sekitar Pelabuhan. Diperlukan upaya untuk mencapai status Green Port, salah satunya dengan mengimplementasi teknologi sistem SSE (Shore Side Electricity) atau OPS/CI, berperan sebagai pengganti Auxiliary sebagai penyuplai daya listrik kapal pada saat kapal sandar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi dan tantangan penerapan SSE di Indonesia dengan cara melakukan perancangan SSE pada dua Pelabuhan hijau di Indonesia (Pelabuhan X, dan Pelabuhan Y). Dilakukan metode SCBA (Social Cost Benefit Analysis) untuk membandingkan sisi tekno-ekonomis dengan manfaat yang diperoleh dalam penerapan SSE, dengan cara melakukan Skema dari beragam skenario yang mungkin akan dihadapi. Hasilnya, pelabuhan dapat mengurangi sebesar 5-8 tonC/kapal (dengan total sekitar: Pelabuhan X sekitar 7890-8138 tonC tahun 2018, dan Pelabuhan Y sebesar 2887 dan 3380 tonC pada 2020 dan 2021), mengasilkan net emisi global sebesar 17% dengan PLN mix. Biaya investasi yang diperlukan Pelabuhan untuk membangun sistem cukup tinggi, diperlukan subsidi pada konstruksi dan operasional khusus seperti biaya beli energi listrik ke otoritas listrik negara. Selain itu bergantungnya Indonesia dengan batu bara justru berdampak negatif pada peningkatan emisi CO2 sebesar 3% secara global, meskipun dapat mengeliminasi seluruh inventori emisi lainnya di Pelabuhan secara lokal.

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Ships need electricity to carry out all activities while berthing at the port. Port activities from machinery cause an increase in air emissions and a decrease in air quality in the port area and other areas around the port. Efforts are needed to achieve Green Port status, one of which is by implementing SSE (Shore Side Electricity) or OPS/CI system technology, acting as a replacement for Auxiliary as a ship's electrical power supplier when the ship is berthed. This study aims to see the potential and challenges of implementing SSE in Indonesia by designing SSE at two green ports in Indonesia (Pelabuhan X, and Pelabuhan Y). Using the SCBA (Social Cost Benefit Analysis) method to compare the techno-economic side with the benefits obtained in implementing SSE, by simulating various scenarios that may be encountered. As a result, ports can reduce by 5-8 tonC/ship (with total of: Pelabuhan X around 7890-8138 tonC in 2018, and Pelabuhan Y by 2887 and 3380 tonC in 2020 and 2021), resulting in net global emissions of 17% with PLN mix. The investment cost required by the port to build the system is quite high, subsidies are needed for construction and special operations such as the cost of buying electricity from the state electricity authority. In addition, Indonesia's dependence on coal actually has a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions by 3% globally, although it can eliminate all other emissions inventories at ports locally."

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Adanya kesadaran dan urgensi untuk meminimalisir dampak lingkungan, membuat adanya konsep green port bagi pelabuhan. Ini dikarenakan pelabuhan merupakan salah satu sumber polutan akibat aktivitas kepelabuhanannya yang rentan akan risiko (gas buang peralatan berat, kebocoran, kesalahan bongkar muat, dll). Salah satu konsep dari green port yang difokuskan kali ini adalah elektrifikasi. Penulis melakukan pengamatan mengenai sejauh mana konsep ini diterapkan dan dampaknya terhadap kualitas udara, air, kebisingan, dan tingkat biaya dari operasional pelabuhan dalam rentang waktu 2016-2019. Variabel yang digunakan sebagai variabel bebas adalah tingkat penerapan konsep green port, Pengujian pengaruh antara penerapan green port terhadap BBM, udara, air , dan kebisingan dilakukan dengan membandingkan kondisi sebelum dan sesudah penerapan konsep dengan metode independent t-test. Hasilnya didapat bahwa penerapan green port (dan elektrifikasi) memiliki pengaruh terhadap kualitas air, udara, tingkat biaya, dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebisingan. Dari segi perbandingan kualitatif, ditemukan juga kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan peralatan bertenaga listrik lebih efisien dibanding menggunakan peralatan berbahan bakar minyak.

 

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An increase in public’s awareness against the environmental issues and problem caused an urgency for a company to acknowledge the consequences of their daily operations to the environment. It is already well known that the port is perceived as a source of pollutants from the heavy machinery usage, to waste and water treatment. The Green Port concept is made to accommodate the environment issues, thus help the company to understand the negative impacts from their operations to the environment, and try to change the operations cleaner than before. The electrification concept is one of the Green Port concept that try to minimize the negative externalities to environment (pollution) by changing the primary source of energy from fossil fuels, to electric-powered equipment. This research focuses on measuring how far this concept’s applied inside port operations and how it affects the operational cost and port environmental performance. This research use the green port implementation as an independent variables and air quality, water quality, noise level, and cost level from 2016 to 2019 for the dependent variable.  This research found that there are an impacts from the green port implementation and electrification (the power usage) to the air quality, water quality, and cost level. This research also found that there are no impact between the application of green port and noise level. This research also compared the operation cost from the usage of electricity based equipment and petrodiesel based equipment. The result is the electric-powered equipment has a better efficiency and lower cost than the petrodiesel equipment. 

 

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