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Abstrak :
Abstract. The research aims to analyze the influence and impact of educational, health, and infrastructure expenses on the employment of workforce (from agricultural, industrial, services sectors) and poverty in Central Java. The model was built by using an econometric approach in the form of a system of simultaneous equation model consisting of six blocks (human capital, inputs, outputs, revenues, expenditures and social welfare) with 33 equations (24 structural equations and 9 identity equation). The method of estimation model uses Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). The simulation results show that the policies of increasing expenses on education, health, and infrastructure with the same value result in the increased employment of workforce in all sectors and reduced poverty. Among these policies, the increased health expenses have the most significant influence on the increase of workforce employment in services sector and reduce poverty. While the policy of increasing expenses on infrastructure has the greatest effect on the increase of workforce employment in industrial and agricultural sectors.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dan dampak pengeluaran pendidikan, kesehatan dan infrastruktur terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja sektoral (pertanian, industri, jasa) dan kemiskinan di Jawa Tengah. Model dibangun dengan menggunakan pendekatan ekonometrika dalam bentuk sistem persamaan simultan (simultaneous equation model), terdiri dari 6 blok (human capital, input, output, penerimaan, pengeluaran dan kesejahteraan masyarakat) dengan 33 persamaan (24 persamaan struktural dan 9 persamaan identitas). Metode pendugaan model menggunakan Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan peningkatan pengeluaran pendidikan, kesehatan dan infrasruktur dengan nilai yang sama menyebabkan peningkatan penyerapan tenaga kerja semua sektor dan mengurangi kemiskinan. Di antara ketiga kebijakan tersebut, peningkatan pengeluaran kesehatan paling besar pengaruhnya dalam meningkatkan penyerapan tenaga kerja jasa dan mengurangi kemiskinan. Sedangkan kebijakan peningkatan pengeluaran infrasruktur paling besar pengaruhnya dalam meningkatkan penyerapan tenaga kerja industri dan penyerapan tenaga kerja pertanian.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pengembangan Mix Land Use merupakan salah satu bagian kebijakan yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas perkotaan, salah satunya dalam pemenuhan kelangkaan (scarcity) lahan fasilitas publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola pemanfaatan ruang dengan konsep Mix Land Use sehingga pemanfaatan ruang akan optimal dalam pemerataan pelayanan pendidikan dan kesehatan, serta melihat autokorelasi spasial keberadaan fasilitas prasarana pendidikan dan kesehatan terhadap penetapan NJOP. Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan data GIS di Kota Batam dengan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Entropy; Analisis Skalogram dan Indeks Marshal; serta Analisis Gap. Untuk melihat faktor-faktor determinan yang mempengaruhi NJOP dan autokorelasi spasial NJOP digunakan metode Analisis Model Panel dan Indeks Moran dengan Stata 14. Hasil penelitian ini mengidentifikasi lebih dari 50% pemanfaatan ruang di Pulau Batam yang berkonsep zoning berubah kearah pola pemanfaatan Mix Land Use. Karakteristik wilayah yang memanfaatkan pola Mix Land Use adalah: 1) merupakan kecamatan dengan hirarki pelayanan tinggi; 2) memiliki prasarana pendidikan dan kesehatan yang lebih lengkap dan tersebar secara merata untuk dapat diakses oleh masyarakat; 3) gap kebutuhan akan prasarana pendidikan dan kesehatan lebih kecil. Variabel kepadatan penduduk menjadi faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi NJOP, sedangkan keberadaan prasarana pendidikan dan kesehatan tidak menjadi memberikan pengaruh signifikan. Dalam analisis spasial menunjukkan adanya autokorelasi spasial penetapan NJOP antar kecamatan. Hasil studi ini merekomendasikan perlunya penerapan konsep Mix Land Use dalam penyusunan Perda RTRW Kota Batam serta perlunya Pemerintah Pusat melakukan peninjauan ulang terhadap pemberlakuan sistem sewa tanah di Kota Batam sehingga dapat dilakukan reformulasi penetapan nilai NJOP sebagai potensi peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD).

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ABSTRACT
Mix Land Use has become one of the key planning strategies at improving the quality of urban areas, especially fulfillment scarcity of public facilities area. This research aims to identify the patterns of spatial use with the concept of Mix Land Use in order to optimalization the use of space within equal distribution of education and health well as see the spatial correlation within the existence of education infrastructure facilities and health to the NJOP determination. The research was conducted based on the GIS data in Batam City with an analytical methods used are Entropy Analysis; Schallogram Analysis and Marshal Index; and Gap analysis. To see the spatial correlation are used Panel and Moran?s Index with Stata 14. The results of this research identified more than 50% the use of space on Batam city with the concept Zoning to turn toward adopt Mix Land Use pattern. Characteristics of the region that used Mix Land Use are: 1) is a district with a high service hierarchy; 2) have the education and health infrastructure which is more detailed and spread equally to be accessible for the public; 3) The necessity gap between education and health infrastructure are smaller. In the spatial analysis shows the spatial correlation of NJOP determination between regions, but the existence of education and health infrastructure does not affect the formulations on the value of NJOP determination. The results of these studies, recommends the need of review the Mix Land Use in RTRW Batam City as well as the the need for the Central Government to conduct a review of the implementation of the land lease system in Batam, as well as the fixing the reformulation NJOP as the potential for increased Original Local Income (PAD).

Abstrak :
Infrastructures play a crucial role in economic development and poverty reduction. The economic crisis in 1997-98 severely curtailed the government?s capacity to maintain the existing infrastructures, which could adversely affect the prospects for future economic development and poverty reduction in the country. This study provides an overview of the changes in the availability of village-level infrastructures and public services during the economic crisis. The findings indicate that there were mixed trends in the availability of different types of infrastructures and public services. Furthermore, the changes in the availability of certain infrastructures or public services differ across urban and rural areas as well as between Java-Bali and the outer islands. In the era of regional autonomy, it is essential to involve the regional governments in infrastructure development planning, management, and maintenance. This would relieve some burdens from the central government.