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Abstrak :
Dislipidemia merupakan faktor risiko primer untuk penyakit jantung koroner (PJK). Penurunan lipid telah terbukti dapat menurunkan risiko terjadinya PJK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek obat X terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol, trigliserida, kolesterol LDL dan peningkatan kadar kolesterol HDL pada tikus putih jantan yang diberi diit tinggi kolesterol. Bahan uji digunakan obat X (sintesa lovastatin). Induksi hiperkolesterolemia dilakukan secara eksogen dengan kuning telur, larutan sukrosa 65%, lemak hewan dan secara endogen dengan propiltiourasil 0,01%. Penetapan kadar secara spektrofotometri dengan metode enzimatik fotometrik (CHOD-PAP) dan enzimatik kolorimetrik menggunakan gliserol-3-fosfat-oksidase (GPO). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian obat X dengan dosis 1,8 mg/200 g bb/hari dan 3,6 mg/200 g bb/hari selama 8 minggu belum dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total secara bermakna tetapi dengan dosis 3,6 mg/200 g bb/hari dapat menurunkan kadar trigliserida dan kadar kolesterol LDL dan meningkatkan kadar kolesterol HDL.

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Dislipidemia is a primary risk factor for coronary heart disease. Reduction of lipid level have been proved to reduce the risk of the coronary heart disease. The purpose of this research was to found the effect of drug "X" reduced the cholesterol level, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and increase of HDL cholesterol level in male albino rats which gave foods high cholesterol. The experiment materials were the drug X (lovastatin synthesis). A hypercholesterolemia had been done exogen induced with egg yolk, 65% sucrose solution, animal fat, and by endogen with 0,01% propylthiouracil. The measurement had been done by spectrophotometer with enzymatic photometric method (CHOD-PAP) and enzymatic colorimetric used the gliserol-3-phospat oxydace (GPO). The result indicated what a given dose 1,8 mg/200 body weight/day and 3,6 mg/200 body weight/day during 8 week could not reduce the total cholesterol level significantly but with at dose 3,6 mg/200 g body weight/day can decrease the triglycerides level, LDL cholesterol level and increase HDL cholesterol level.

Abstrak :
Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi formula tempo terhadap kadar malondialdehida dan F2-Isoprostan serum pada penderita ipedcolesterolemia. Tempat: P.T. National Gobel, Jakarta. Bahan dan cara: Penelitian eksperimental pada dua kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol masing-masing 17 subyek yang telah memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan diberikan formula tempo (100 gram) per oral, sekali sehari selama 42 hari. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data rasio demografi, data nutrisi, data antropometri, data laboratorium, yaitu: malondialdehida (MDA) dan F2-Isoprostan serum. Hasil : Nilai median MDA serum kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol yaitu 0,88 (0,44 - 3,04) nmol/mL vs 1,07(0,39 - 2,02) nmol/mL. Narnun uji statistik terhadap perbedaan ini tidak bermakna. Nilai median F2 Isoprostan serum kelompok perlakuan 793,0 (100,9 - 6316,25) pg/mL lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai median kelompok kontrol 391,75 (100,9 - 10172,5) pg/mL dengan analisis staliatik tidak berbeda bermakna. Pada kelompok perlakuan subyek perokok didapatkan korelasi kuat antara kadar MDA dan F2-lsoprostan serum, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna. Keshnpulan: Pengaruh suplementasi formula tempe yang mengandung isofavon terhadap penurunan kadar MDA dan F2-Isoprostan serum belum dapat dibuktikan walaupun terlihat kecenderungan penurunan rentangan kadar MDA serum setelah suplementasi formula tempe selama 42 hari. ...... Objective: To identify the effect of tempe formulae supplementation on the level of serum malondialdehide and F2-Isoprostane of the hypercholesterolemic subjects. Place: P .T. National Gabel, Jakarta. Materials and methods: An experimental study of two groups was carried out 17 subject's of treatment and control group fulfilled the criteria of the selection. The subjects were given 100 gram of tempe formulae orally, once a day for 42 days. The data collected were socio-demographic, nutritional, anthropometric and laboratory data such as: malondialdehide (MDA) and F2- Isoprostane. Results: The median value of the serum MDA for the treatment group lower than the control group 0,88(0,44 - 3,04) nmol/mL vs 1,07(0,39 - 2,02) nmol/mL although statistical tests concerning this difference are not significance. The median value of serum F2-Isoprostane was 793,0 (100,9 - 6316,25) pg/mL for the treatment group higher compared to median value of 391,75 (100,9 - 10172,5) pg/mL for the control group. According to statistical analysis this difference was not significant. Subjetcs in the treatment group who were smokers showed a strong correlation between the level of MDA and F2-Isoprostane, whereas the control group did not show any significant correlation. Conclusion: The effect of tempe formulae supplementation containing isoflavon on lowering the level of serum MDA and F2-lsoprostane have not been proven, although a tendency towards a decrease in the level of serum MDA was observed after 42 days supplementation of tempe formulae.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi (hiperkolesterolemia) merupakan salah satu penyebab penyakit jantung yang terbesar. Penyakit jantung sendiri masih menjadi penyebab utama kematian di antara penyakit-penyakit tidak menular. Aktivitas fisik adalah suatu kegiatan yang memerlukan ATP dan dilakukan oleh kontraksi serta relaksasi otot skeletal untuk menciptakan pergerakan tubuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan aktivitas fisik antara penderita hiperkolesterolemia dan non-hiperkolesterolemia pada karyawan FKUI tahun 2015. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode cross-sectional pada 22 karyawan usia 30-60 tahun yang diambil secara consecutive sampling. Data yang diambil dari responden berupa data primer yaitu aktivitas fisik selama 2 hari kerja dan 1 hari libur responden yang dilihat melalui pengisian kuisioner dan data sekunder yaitu rekam medis karyawan FKUI. Kemudian data diolah menggunakan spss 11.5 for windows. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah aktivitas fisik dan kondisi hiperkolesterolemia yang dianalisis dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara aktivitas fisik pada karyawan dengan hiperkolesterolemia dan tanpa hiperkolesterolemia.

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ABSTRACT
High level of cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) is one of the biggest cause of heart disease. Heart disease is still the number one cause of death between uncommunicated diseases. Physical activity is an activity which needs ATP and done by contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle to create a body movement. The aim of this study is to know the comparison of physical activity between hypercholesterolemia and non-hypercholesterolemia employees of FKUI in 2015. This study was conducted with a cross-sectional method on 22 employees aged 30-60 years were taken by consecutive sampling. Data taken from respondent was primary data as a record of physical activity on two weekdays and one weekend which taken through questionnaire and secondary data which is medical record of FKUI?s employees. Then the data was processed using spss 11.5 for windows. Variables in this study were the physical activity and hypercholesterolemia. This data was analyzed by chi-square test. The result showed no significant association between physical activity in hypercholesterolemia and non-hypercholesterolemia employees

Abstrak :
Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh formula tempe terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan apolipoprotein-B pada laki-laki umur 40-60 tahun, dengan hiperkolesterolemia dalam rangka mengurangi resiko terjadinva aterosklerosis. Tempat : PT National Gobel Jakarta. Bahan dan cara : Penelitian uji klinis tentang pemberian formula tempe 100 gram/hari dibandingkan dengan pemberian formula plasebo 100 gram/hari selama 42 hari, terhadap 34 orang subyek (17 orang kelompok perlakuan dan 17 orang kelompok kontrol) yang telah memenuhi kriteria. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara, meliputi data pendidikan, penghasilan asupan nutrisi dan pola makan, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yaitu kadar kolesterol total dan apolipoprotein-B plasma, dengan hasil analisis statistik tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara dua kelompok sebelum penelitian. Hasil : Terjadi penurunan kadar kolesterol total yaitu dari 245,64 mg/dL menjadi 207 mg/dL (15,73%) dan penurunan apolipoprotein-B dari 128,52 mg/dL menjadi 108,35 mg/dL (15,69%) pada kelompok perlakuan. Pada kelompok kontrol terjadi penurunan kadar kolesterol total dari 234,4 mg/dL menjadi 198,52 mg/dL (15,3%) dan penurunan apolipoprotein-B dari 125,47 mg/dL menjadi 102,88 mg/dL (18%). Hasil analisis statistik perbandinaan antara dua kelompok tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna. Kesimpulan : Pemberian formula tempe 100 gram/hari selama 42 hari belum jelas manfaatnva untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan apolipoprotein-B plasma secara signifikan.

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Objective: To investigate the effect of tempe formula on plasma level of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B in male (40-60 years), with hypercholesterolemia, in respect to minimizing atherosclerosis risk. Place: PT National Gobel Jakarta. Materials and methods: Clinical trial with supplementation of tempe formula 100 gram/day for 42 days given to 17 subjects compared to 17 subjects of placebo group. Both groups have passed some criteria?s. Data were collected through interview, which include education, income, dietary intake and food pattern. Data also collected from physical examination and laboratory measurement. The plasma level of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B, between the two groups showed no significant differences prior to experiment. Result : Total cholesterol of the supplementation group were reduced from 245,64 mg/dL to 207 mg/dL (15,73%) and apolipoprotein-B from 128,52 mg/dL to 108,35 mg/dL (15,69%), On control group total cholesterol decreased from 234,4 mg/dL to 198,52 mg/dL (15,3%) and apolipoprotein-B from 124,47 mg/dL to 102,88 mg/dL (18%). There were no significant differences in the result between the two groups. Conclusion: Supplementation of tempe formula 100 gram/day for 42 days was not clear to reduced. plasma level of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B.

Abstrak :
Angka prevalensi hipertensi terus meningkat di dunia. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 34,1%. Salah satu faktor risiko hipertensi yang dapat dirubah adalah hiperkolesterol. Hasil skrining pemeriksaan kesehatan para pekerja di Bandara Soekarno Hatta menunjukkan angka kasus hiperkolesterol yang cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besar asosiasi antara hiperkolesterol dengan kejadian hipertensi derajat 1 pada pekerja di Bandara Soekarno Hatta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dari data sekunder kegiatan Posbindu PTM Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Soekarno Hatta tahun 2017. Subyek penelitian adalah pekerja di instansi pemerintah dan BUMN di wilayah Bandara Soekarno Hatta yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan di Posbindu PTM pada tahun 2017 yaitu sebanyak 411 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis multivariat cox regression dan besar pengaruh dinyatakan dalam prevalensi rasio (PR). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kejadian hipertensi derajat 1 pada pekerja yang hiperkolesterol sebesar 28,4%. Kadar kolesterol tinggi berisiko sebesar 1,19 (95% CI: 0,73-1,96) untuk dapat mengalami hipertensi derajat 1. Mengoptimalkan kegiatan Posbindu PTM di tempat kerja diharapkan dapat mengendalikan hiperkolesterol dan hipertensi. ......The prevalence of hypertension continues to increase in the world. Based on Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is quite high at 34,1%. One of the risk factor for hypertension that can be changed is hypercholesterolemia. The results of health examinations screening of employees at Soekarno Hatta Airport in 2017 showed a high rate of hypercholesterolemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of the association between hypercholesterolemia and the incidence of first stage hypertension in employees at Soekarno Hatta Airport. This study used a cross sectional design from secondary data on Posbindu PTM activities in the Soekarno Hatta Port Health Office in 2017. The research subjects were employees in government agencies and BUMN at Soekarno Hatta Airport who conducted health checks at Posbindu PTM in 2017, totaling 411 people. This study uses multivariate cox regression analysis and the magnitude of the effect was expressed in the prevalence ratio (PR). The results showed that the prevalence of stage 1 hypertension in employees with hypercholesterolemia was 28,4%. High cholesterol levels have a risk of 1,19 (95% CI: 0,73-1,96) to cause stage 1 hypertension. Optimizing Posbindu PTM activities in the workplace is expected to control hypercholesterolemia and hypertension

Abstrak :
Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu di dunia dengan prevalensi yang semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Aterosklerosis merupakan penyebab utama dari penyakit kardiovaskular, dapat dideteksi dini dengan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi ketebalan intima-media KIM karotis. Salah satu faktor risiko aterosklerosis yang dapat dimodifikasi adalah dislipidemia, dapat dipengaruhi dari asupan makanan antara lain diet tinggi fruktosa. Fruktosa selain dalam bentuk alami juga banyak digunakan secara komersial sebagai pemanis makanan/minuman. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi asupan fruktosa dengan KIM karotis pada laki-laki hiperkolesterolemia usia 19 ??49 tahun. Dari 47 subjek yang merupakan karyawan RS Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita Jakarta, didapatkan nilai tengah usia subjek 41 33 ??45 tahun. Sebanyak 57,4 subjek memiliki kadar low density lipoprotein LDL tinggi dan sangat tinggi, 29,8 kadar high density lipoprotein HDL rendah dan 27,6 kadar trigliserida tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Sebagian besar subjek memiliki tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik normal. Sebanyak 72,3 subjek tergolong obesitas dan 66,0 tergolong obesitas sentral. Sebagian besar subjek merupakan perokok ringan dan sebanyak 48,9 subjek beraktivitas ringan. Pada pemeriksaan KIM karotis didapatkan nilai tengah 1 0,8 ??1,4 mm dengan 63,8 subjek terdapat penebalan. Nilai tengah asupan energi total 1209 1020 ??1645 kkal/hari, asupan karbohidrat, protein, lemak sebagian besar tergolong cukup, asupan serat 100 tergolong kurang dan rerata asupan fruktosa 31,97 ? 15,48 gram/hari. Hasil analisis bivariat tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan fruktosa dengan KIM karotis namun terdapat korelasi positif bermakna antara lingkar pinggang dan asupan lemak dengan KIM karotis. Hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan bahwa asupan lemak mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan KIM karotis.

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Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide with an increasing prevelance annually. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease that is detectable early by ultrasound examination of the intima media thickness IMT of the carotid artery. One of the modifiable risk factors for developing atherosclerosis is dyslipidemia, that can be affected by food intake among them is high fructose diet. Apart from naturally occurring, fructose is largely used commercially as food beverage sweetener. This cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the correlation between fructose intake and IMT in male subjects with hypercholesterolemia aged 19 49 years old. Of 47 subjects who are Harapan Kita National Cardiovascular Center Hospital s employee, median age was 41 33 45 years old. In 57.4 subjects, low density lipoprotein LDL was found high and very high, 29.8 subjects have low high density lipoprotein HDL levels, and 27.6 subjects have high and very high triglycerides levels. Most subjects have normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Around 72.3 subjects were classified as obesity and 66.0 were classified as having central obesity. Majority of subjects were light smoker and 49.8 of them performed light activity. In carotid IMT examination, median of 1 0.8 1.4 mm was found with 63.8 subjects developed thickness. Median total energy intake was 1209 1020 1645 Kcal day, mostly with adequate carbohydrate, protein, and fat, fiber intake was inadequate in 100 subjects, and mean fructose intake of 31,97 15,48 gram day. Bivariate analysis did not demonstrate any correlation between fructose intake and carotid IMT however there was positive correlation between waist circumference and fat intake with carotid IMT. Multivariate analysis showed that fat intake has a significant correlation with carotid IMT.

Abstrak :
Karagenan merupakan bahan pangan alamiah yang mengandung serat cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh serat pangan karagenan pada parameter lipid darah mencit jantan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia dan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Agustus 2011 sampai Maret 2012. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif; mencit normokolesterolemia yang diberikan pakan standar, kontrol positif; mencit hiperkolesterolemia tanpa suplementasi karagenan, kelompok perlakuan; kelompok mencit hiperkolesterolemia yang diberikan suplementasi karagenan 15%, 30%, dan 46%. Kadar serat makanan tidak larut pada masing-masing pakan mencit percobaan ialah 6,92; 8,75; 10,48; 12,27; dan 14,05%. Parameter yang diukur ialah bobot badan, konsentrasi kolesterol total serum, hati, dan feses, serta kadar trigliserida, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), dan glukosa dalam serum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suplementasi karagenan sebesar 46% menurunkan bobot badan sebesar 7,99%, kadar total kolesterol sebesar 18,78%, trigliserida sebesar 17,53%, dan LDL sebesar 71,33%, serta meningkatkan HDL sebesar 15,59−20,47%. Suplementasi serat pangan karagenan dapat menurunkan kandungan kolesterol hati sebesar 38,46% dan meningkatkan pembuangan kolesterol melalui feses sebesar 57,07%. Suplementasi serat pangan karagenan sebesar 46% dalam diet hiperkolesterolemik dapat memperbaiki parameter lipid darah mencit hiperkolesterolemia.

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The Carrageenan Dietary Fiber Suplementation in Feed to Improving Blood Lipid Parameters of Hypercholesterolemic Mice. Carrageenan is example of food with high content of fiber. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of carrageenan supplementations on blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice. The experiment were done at animal cages Departemen of Biology Education, Indonesia University of Education and Fisiology Laboratory Faculty of Veteriner Medicine, Bogor Agricultural Institute on August 2011 until March 2012. The experimental mice were assigned into a completely randomized design with 5 treatments i.e., negative control group; normocholesterolemic mice fed with a standard diet, positive control group; hypercholesterolemic mice fed with a standard diet without carrageenan supplementation, treatments group; hypercholesterolemic mice feds with supplemented with 15%, 30%, and 46% carrageenan. The nonsoluble content of dietary fiber in the experimental treatments were 6.92, 8.75, 10.48, 12.27, and 14.05%, respectively. The parameters measured were body weight, cholesterol levels of blood serum, liver and feces, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and glucose levels. Supplementation of carrageenan as a source of dietary fiber increased serum HDL concentrations, and decreased body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL concentrations of hypercholesterolemic male mice without a significant effect on serum glucose consentrations. Hypercholesterolemic mice fed with a supplemented with 46% carrageenan decreased body weight by 7.99%, total serum cholesterol by 18.78%, triglyceride by 17.53%, LDL by 71.33%, and increased HDL by 15.59−20.47%. Carrageenan supplementation reduce liver cholesterol levels by 38.46% and increased cholesterol excretion through feces by 57.07%. Supplementation of 46% carrageenan in hipercholesterolemic fed is effective in improving blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Penggunaan obat golongan statin (penghambat hidroksimetil glutaril-CoA reduktase) sebagai terapi lini pertama pada hiperkolesterolemia dapat menyebabkan terjadinya beberapa reaksi obat yang tidak dikehendaki (ROTD). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai risiko penggunaan obat golongan statin terhadap kejadian ROTD pada pasien hiperkolesterolemia di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Pasar Rebo, Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kohort prospektif pada pasien yang menggunakan atorvastatin dan simvastatin. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner, data sekunder diperoleh melalui rekam medis dan resep yang diterima oleh pasien. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan chi-square dan regresi logistik. Dari penelitian diketahui bahwa ROTD terjadi pada 38.20% pasien yang menggunakan obat golongan statin, kejadian ROTD terbesar adalah gangguan sistem pencernaan (35.45%) dan gangguan sistem saraf (23.64%). Sedangkan ROTD pada otot dan hati masing-masing sebesar 2.73%. Pasien yang menggunakan simvastatin memiliki risiko relatif mengalami ROTD lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan pasien yang menggunakan atorvastatin (RR: 6.439; CI: 2.963-13.992). Variabel perancu yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi kejadian ROTD adalah aktivitas fisik. Pasien yang mengalami ROTD memiliki risiko relatif lebih besar mengalami putus obat daripada pasien yang tidak mengalami ROTD (RR: 2.554; CI: 1.724- 3.754).

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ABSTRACT
The use derivate of statin (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) for management of hypercholesterolemia can cause advers drug reactions (ADR). The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of the use of statins on the incidence of ADR in hypercholesterolemic patients in the Outpatient Installation in RSUD Pasar Rebo, Jakarta. This study was conducted using a prospective cohort to the patients using atorvastatin and simvastatin, the data obtained by interview with questionnaires, medical records, and patient prescriptions. The data collected analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. ADR occurred in 38.20% patients who treated with statins, the most often ADR experienced by patient are gastrointestinal disorder (35.45%) and nerve system disorder (23.64%). Muscle and liver disorder experienced by 2.73% patients respectively. The patients using simvastatin have a greater risk of experiencing ADR compared to atorvastatin (RR: 6.439; CI: 2.963-13.992). Physical activity is the confounding variable significantly influence the incidence of ADR. Patients who experience ADR had a greater risk for experiencing drug withdrawal than patients who did not experience ADR (RR: 2.554; CI: 1.724- 3.754).;The use derivate of statin (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) for management of hypercholesterolemia can cause advers drug reactions (ADR). The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of the use of statins on the incidence of ADR in hypercholesterolemic patients in the Outpatient Installation in RSUD Pasar Rebo, Jakarta. This study was conducted using a prospective cohort to the patients using atorvastatin and simvastatin, the data obtained by interview with questionnaires, medical records, and patient prescriptions. The data collected analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. ADR occurred in 38.20% patients who treated with statins, the most often ADR experienced by patient are gastrointestinal disorder (35.45%) and nerve system disorder (23.64%). Muscle and liver disorder experienced by 2.73% patients respectively. The patients using simvastatin have a greater risk of experiencing ADR compared to atorvastatin (RR: 6.439; CI: 2.963-13.992). Physical activity is the confounding variable significantly influence the incidence of ADR. Patients who experience ADR had a greater risk for experiencing drug withdrawal than patients who did not experience ADR (RR: 2.554; CI: 1.724- 3.754)., The use derivate of statin (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) for management of hypercholesterolemia can cause advers drug reactions (ADR). The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of the use of statins on the incidence of ADR in hypercholesterolemic patients in the Outpatient Installation in RSUD Pasar Rebo, Jakarta. This study was conducted using a prospective cohort to the patients using atorvastatin and simvastatin, the data obtained by interview with questionnaires, medical records, and patient prescriptions. The data collected analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. ADR occurred in 38.20% patients who treated with statins, the most often ADR experienced by patient are gastrointestinal disorder (35.45%) and nerve system disorder (23.64%). Muscle and liver disorder experienced by 2.73% patients respectively. The patients using simvastatin have a greater risk of experiencing ADR compared to atorvastatin (RR: 6.439; CI: 2.963-13.992). Physical activity is the confounding variable significantly influence the incidence of ADR. Patients who experience ADR had a greater risk for experiencing drug withdrawal than patients who did not experience ADR (RR: 2.554; CI: 1.724- 3.754).]

Abstrak :
Peningkatan kadar kolesterol dan lemak dalam darah yang menyebabkan penyempitan atau pengapuran pada pembuluh darah arteri merupakan penyebab utama dari penyakit kardiovaskular. Tingkat persaingan hidup yang tinggi kemungkinan berdampak pada munculnya aneka pergeseran gaya hidup, mulai dari perilaku makan, aktivitas fisik, stres, kebiasaan merokok dan konsumsi alkohol. Gaya hidup yang tidak sehat merupakan pencentus hiperkolesterolemia di usia produktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya hidup terhadap hiperkolesterolemia di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2015-2016. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan sampel penelitian 1090 orang peserta Posbindu Penyakit Tidak Menular di DKI Jakarta tahun 2015-2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh antara kebiasaan merokok dan aktivitas fisik terhadap hiperkolesterolemia, namun tidak untukkonsumsi sayur dan buah. Responden dengan aktivitas fisik kurang memiliki risiko 5,9 kali lebih tinggi (95% CI 4,0-8,4), sedangkan yang memiliki kebiasaan merokok memiliki risiko 1,4 kali lebih tinggi (95% CI 1,3-1,6) menderita hiperkolesterolemia setelah dikontrol oleh tekanan darah dan status gizi. Promosi kesehatan sangat diperlukan untuk menyampaikan informasi tentang hiperkolesterolemia dan msyarakat secara pro aktif melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin sehingga memperkecil risiko terkena penyakit tidak menular. ......Increased levels of cholesterol and fat in the blood that cause narrowing or calcification of the arteries are the main cause of cardiovascular disease. High levels of life competition may have an impact on the emergence of various lifestyle, ranging from eating behavior, physical activity, stress, smoking and alcohol consumption. Unhealthy lifestyle is a trigger Hypercholesterolemia in the productive age. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between smoking habits and physical activity with hypercholesterolaemia in DKI Jakarta Province 2015-2016. The methods of this this study is cross-sectional with 1090 samples of participants of Non-Communicable Disease Posbindu in DKI Jakarta 2015-2016. The results showed there was an influence between smoking and physical activity on hypercholesterolemia, but not for consumption of vegetables and fruits. Individuals with less physical activity 5.9 times higher (95% CI 4.0-8.8), whereas those with smoking habits 1.4 times higher (95% CI 1.3-1 , 6) suffers from hypercholesterolemia after being controlled by blood pressure and nutritional status. Health promotion is needed to convey information about hypercholesterolemia and the community pro-actively carry out routine health checks thereby minimizing the risk of non-communicable diseases.