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"The objective of this paper is to measure the effect of children’s television viewing on their performance in school. To this end, we use Japanese time use data to estimate ordered probit models with and without an instrumental variable. The instrumental variable is the number of viewable commercial broadcast channels in the prefecture where a child and his/her family live. We find that, all else being equal, the more television a child views, the more likely it is for the child’s mother to report negative performance of her child in school. However, our instrumental variable estimates provide no evidence that television viewing by children affects either the mother’s report of the performance of her child or the child’s self-report on the speed of lessons in school. This study provides no evidence that television viewing has a negative impact on children’s performance in school, although we should not overlook the possibility of weak instruments."

"ABSTRAKMotivasi, seperti motivasi instrumental dan integratif dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor penting dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui motivasi dominan instrumental atau integratif yang dimiliki oleh pelajar di Lembaga Bahasa Internasional Universitas Indonesia LBI UI kelas General English level 8 dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada 10 dari 16 pelajar General English level 8 untuk melihat baik motivasi yang dominan maupun jenis motivasi yang dimiliki oleh pelajar yang memiliki nilai relatif yang tinggi dan rendah. Selain itu, analisis statistik menggunakan Microsoft Excel juga dibuat untuk melihat korelasi antara jenis motivasi integratif dan instrumental dengan nilai ujian tengah semester mereka. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa motivasi instrumental mendominasi kalangan para pelajar tersebut. Namun, meskipun pelajar yang mendapatkan nilai relatif bagus memiliki jenis motivasi integratif, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara perbedaan jenis motivasi yang dimiliki oleh pelajar dengan nilai yang didapat. Hasilnya tergantung pada usaha masing-masing pelajar dalam mencapai tujuan mereka dalam belajar bahasa Inggris.

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ABSTRACTAbstract Motivation, such as instrumental and integrative motivation is considered as one of the significant factors in enhancing students rsquo English language learning. This study seeks to investigate the dominant motivation instrumental or integrative of students of an informal language learning institution, LBI rsquo s General English level 8 students, in studying English. Motivation questionnaires were distributed to 10 out of 16 students among LBI rsquo s General English level 8 students to determine the dominant motivation, and consider the high achievers rsquo and lower achievers rsquo motivational types. Lastly, statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel to see the correlation between integrative and instrumental motivations with their midterm test score. The result indicates that instrumental motivation dominates among these students. However, even though the higher achiever has integrative motivation, there is no significant relationship between their motivation type and their midterm score since it actually depends on each student rsquo s effort in achieving their goals in studying English."

"Sebagai importir yang baru di pasar Indonesia, PT Robert Bosch memilih distributor sebagai saluran distribusi. Dengan situasi yang mudah berubah, Bosch ingin mempertahankan distributornya. Hal ini dilakukan dengan mengimplementasikan relationship marketing terhadap distributor. melalui dimensi instrumental dan dimensi interpersonal. Maka dari itu peneliti ingin melihat persepsi distributor terhadap implementasi relationship marketing yang telah dilakukan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian adalah 15 distributor PT Robert Bosch divisi Automotive Aftermarket dengan metode total sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan analisa deskriptif dengan melihat mean dan frekuensi dari setiap jawaban. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan implementasi relationship marketing yang dilakukan oleh Bosch kuat pada sub dimensi produk.

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As a new Importer in Indonesia Market, PT Robert Bosch chose distributor as a main distribution channel. With unstable condition in Indonesian market, PT Robert Bosch wanted to keep their distributor. To keep their distributor, PT Robert Bosch implements relationship marketing to distributor through instrumental dimension and interpersonal dimension.

The purpose of this research is to see distributor perception of relationship marketing implementation that has been done by PT Robert Bosch. This research is using quantitative approach with sample of 15 PT Robert Bosch distributors Automotive Aftermarket division. This research is using total sampling method. The instrument for this research is questioner and is being analyzed with descriptive analysis by looking at mean and frequency of each answer. The result of this research shows the strong implementation of relationship marketing that has been done by PT Robert Bosch to sub product dimension."

"This study aims to examine the impact of the Conditional Cash Transfer for Poor Students (CCTPS) program on child labor in Indonesia, as measured by the number of working hours per week. This study utilizes the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) dataset from 2014. Instrumental Variables (IV) approach employed to assess the impact of the CCTPS program on child labor, using orphans, students' head of households employment status, students' households that were beneficiaries of the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) or Family Hope Program (FPH), students with physical disabilities, and students' households that were victims of natural disasters as the instruments. The findings indicate that CCTPS has a substantial impact on the weekly working hours of children, leading to a significant rise.

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Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak program Bantuan Siswa Miskin (BSM) terhadap pekerja anak di Indonesia, yang diukur dari jumlah jam kerja per minggu. Studi ini menggunakan dataset Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) gelombang kelima dari tahun 2014. Pendekatan Instrumental Variables (IV) digunakan untuk menilai dampak program BSM terhadap pekerja anak, dengan menggunakan anak yatim dan/atau piatu, status pekerjaan kepala rumah tangga siswa, rumah tangga siswa yang merupakan penerima manfaat Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), siswa penyandang disabilitas fisik, dan rumah tangga siswa yang menjadi korban bencana alam sebagai instrumen. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa BSM memiliki dampak substansial terhadap jam kerja mingguan anak-anak, yang menyebabkan peningkatan yang signifikan.

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