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"ABSTRAKDisertasi ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kelindan antara kaidah proporsi matematis, seni, dan takhingga melalui telaah irisan kencana (golden section) dalam dialektika seni. Berawal dari argumentasi ontologis seni, ditemukan bahwa keindahan seni terletak pada ketepatan hubungan-hubungan proporsional antara gagasan dan bentuk. Melalui telaah dialektis irisan kencana dalam langgam-langgam seni pada estetika Hegel ? seni simbolik, seni klasik, dan seni romantik ? dibuktikan bahwa irisan kencana adalah wujud universal konkret hubungan-hubungan proporsional antara gagasan dan bentuk sebagai keseluruhan dan bagian. Perkembangan irisan kencana dalam dialektika seni merupakan wujud dialektika kesadaran dalam memahami takhingga dalam seni. Ketika kesadaran mampu mewujudkan kesatuan antara isi rohani seni dan rupa artistiknya dengan hubungan-hubungan proporsional layaknya, ketika itulah ananta ? sebagai takhingga sejati ? dalam seni terwujud.

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ABSTRACTThis dissertation studies the connection among mathematical systems of proportion, art, and the infinite through the study of the golden section in the dialectics of art. Started with an ontological perspective of art, it is found that the beauty of art lies in the precision of the proportional relationships between its idea and form. Through the dialectical study of the golden section in Hegel?s types of art ? symbolic art, classical art, and romantic art ? it is proven that the golden section is a concret universal manifestation of the proportional relationships between idea and form as the whole and the part. The development of the golden section concept in the dialectics of art also reveals the dialectics of consciousness in its effort to grasp the infinite in art. When consciousness is finally able to manifest the unity of the idea and its artistic shape in its proper proportional relationships, the true infinite in art becomes concrete."

"LATAR BELAKANGDari zaman ke zaman, dunia sastra semakin berkembang. Perkembangan ini sejalan dengan perkembangan ilmu, teknologi serta pemikiran manusia. Sebagai suatu karya yang dihasilkan manusia dan berobjek manusia, sastra dengan sendirinya mengikuti arus perkembangan ini. Perkembangan dunia sastra dalam bidang drama, prosa maupun puisi sangat pesat. Konvensi dan aturan-aturan yang melekat pada ketiga bidang sastra tersebut berubah dari waktu ke waktu; suatu perubahan yang ditentukan oleh manusia yang menciptakannya dan keadaan dunia yang mengelilingi manusia. Dalam bidang puisi, perkembangan juga terjadi. Para penyair yang sebelumnya menulis dalam bentuk-bentuk tradisional, seperti pantun dengan aturan-aturan serba ketat, sedikit demi sedikit mulai meninggalkan ciri lama tersebut. Pada pantun misalnya, kita melihat adanya makna yang tersurat, rumus sajak dan jumlah baris yang teratur, dan pemilihan kata yang masih sangat sederhana dan memakai diksi yang umum. Meskipun terdapat penyair yang masih menggunakan bentuk-bentuk tradisional, banyak juga penyair yang semakin hari semakin meninggalkan aturan-aturan yang kaku dan mengikat. Sebagai gantinya, para penyair tersebut menulis sajak dalam bentuk yang bebas. Mereka semakin menjauh dari aturan-aturan dan mengekspresikan sebebas mungkin perasaannya dalam berbagai bentuk puisi. Akibat dari kebebabasan berekspresi ini adalah ditemukannya berbagai bentuk sajak inovatif yang seringkali "aneh" bagi orang awam. Bermunculanlah sajak-sajak berbentuk prosa atau bahkan berbentuk gambar atau lukisan. Sajak-sajak berbentuk gambar yang juga disebut sebagai sajak konkret misalnya, adalah jenis puisi yang menonjolkan bentuk visualnya. Para penyair puisi konkret menyusun huruf-huruf dan kata-kata dalam suatu bentuk atau objek tertentu. Hal yang akan langsung tertangkap oleh mata adalah suatu gambar benda tertentu."

"[ABSTRAKPengujian norma konkret dalam putusan pengujian undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 pada dasarnya tidak menjadi kewenangan MK. Pengujian terhadap norma secara teoritis haruslah bertitiktolak dari norma abstrak sebagai implikasi kedudukan MK yang menjadi pengadilan norma dan mengujinya terhadap konstitusi. Untuk menilai konstitusionalitas norma undang-undang, maka norma abstraklah yang seharusnya ditafsirkan oleh MK. Sedangkan norma konkret lebih menitikberatkan implementasi atau penerapan dari norma itu sendiri. Penerapan norma tidak dapat dilepaskan dari legalitas norma, sedangkan konstitusionalitas norma adalah menguji kebersesuain norma tesebut dengan konstitusi. Apabila landasan pengujian norma adalah Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 maka norma abstrak yang seharusnya menjadi materi utama untuk diuji. Sebaliknya ketika norma konkret yang akan diuji, maka yang harus dipertimbangkan juga adalah penerapan dari norma tersebut yang sudah sudah masuk dalam kasus konkret yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kasus (case approach) yaitu 15 (lima belas) putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi sepanjang 2003-2013 dalam pengujian undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 secara materiil yang memfokuskan pada ratio decidendi hakim konstitusi dalam menentukan konstitusionalitas norma. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa MK dalam menguji undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 tidak memisahkan secara dikotomis antara norma abtrak dan norma konkret. Dalam upaya melindungai hak-hak konstitusional warga negara, tidak adanya upaya hukum lanjutan yang akan ditempuh oleh Pemohon, serta untuk memberikan kepastian hukum yang adil, MK mengabulkan pengujian norma konkret. Meskipun MK tetap tegas menyatakan bahwa hal tersebut adalah norma konkret, sehingga permohonan pemohon hanya dikabulkan sebagian pada pengujian norma abstraknya saja. Sedangkan dalam hal putusan MK yang menolak pengujian norma konkret karena norma yang diujikan bukanlah persoalan konstitusionalitas norma melainkan penerapan norma dan permintaan putusan provisi (putusan sela) yang tidak relevan dengan pokok perkara. Pengujian norma konkret dalam putusan menolak adalah bentuk kehatian-hatian MK agar tidak mengadili perkara yang menjadi kewenangan peradilan lain yaitu Mahkamah Agung serta peradilan di bawahnya. Adapun terkait putusan yang menyatakan tidak dapat diterima, MK menyatakan bahwa Pemohon tidak memiliki kedudukan hukum serta MK tidak memiliki kewenangan untuk menguji norma tersebut. Akhirnya, ke depan MK dalam perlu menegaskan perihal kedudukan norma sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan lebih mendalam terhadap permohonan yang diajukan. Di samping itu MK perlu diberikan kewenangan pengaduan konstitusional (constitutional complaint) atau pertanyaan konstittusional (constitutional question) sehingga terciptanya harmonisasi penafsiran berdasarkan konstitusi.

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ABSTRACTThe review of conrete norms in the decision of judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia basically does not constitute authority of the Constitutional Court. Theoretically, norms review should be starting from abstract norms as the implications of the Constitutional Court authority. In order to review the constitutionality of laws, norms and abstract norms should be interpreted by the Constitutional Court. While concrete norms focuse more on the implementation or application of the norm itself. The application of norms cannot be separated from the legality of the norms, while constitutionality of norms is related to its coherence with with the Constitution. If the basis of norms review is the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia then abstract norms should be the main subject matter to be reviewed. Otherwise, when concrete norms are the subject matters to be reviewed, then the implementation of the norms that have been applied in concrete cases. This research is using normative juridical method with case approach in which 15 (fifteen) verdicts of the Constitutional Court of Republic of Indonesia over the period of 2003-2013 in judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution are analyzed. The focus is on the ratio decidendi of the Constitutional Court judges in determining the constitutionality of norms. The result of this research shows that, the Constitutional Court, in the judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia does not separate abstract norms and concrete norms dichotomously. In an attempt to protect the constitutional rights of citizens, the absence of legal remedies that can be further pursued by the applicant, as well as to provide legal certainty, the Constitutional Court, granted, in its decision, the review of concrete norms. Even though the Constitutional Court remains firm in satting that it is a concrete norm, the applicant's petition is granted in part which is concerning the review the abstract norms only. Whereas, with respect to the verdict of the constitutional court that rejected the review of concrete norms, it is because the review is not on the constitutionality of norms but the application of the norms and also concerns a petition for an interlocutory decision which is irrelevant to the subject matter of the case. The review of concrete norms in a rejecting ruling is a form of prudence by the Constitutional Court in order not to prosecute the matters which constitute the authority the other judicial bodies, namely the Supreme Court and the lower courts. As for the ruling which declared a petition inadmissible, the Constitutional Court stated that the applicant has no legal standing and the Constitutional Court does not have the authority to test these norms. Finally, in the future, the Constitutional Court needs to affirm the status of norms before further examining in depth the petition filed. In addition, the Constitutional Court should be conferred with the authority to hear constitutional complaint and constitutional question in order to create the harmonization of interpretation based on the Constitution.;The review of conrete norms in the decision of judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia basically does not constitute authority of the Constitutional Court. Theoretically, norms review should be starting from abstract norms as the implications of the Constitutional Court authority. In order to review the constitutionality of laws, norms and abstract norms should be interpreted by the Constitutional Court. While concrete norms focuse more on the implementation or application of the norm itself. The application of norms cannot be separated from the legality of the norms, while constitutionality of norms is related to its coherence with with the Constitution. If the basis of norms review is the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia then abstract norms should be the main subject matter to be reviewed. Otherwise, when concrete norms are the subject matters to be reviewed, then the implementation of the norms that have been applied in concrete cases. This research is using normative juridical method with case approach in which 15 (fifteen) verdicts of the Constitutional Court of Republic of Indonesia over the period of 2003-2013 in judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution are analyzed. The focus is on the ratio decidendi of the Constitutional Court judges in determining the constitutionality of norms. The result of this research shows that, the Constitutional Court, in the judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia does not separate abstract norms and concrete norms dichotomously. In an attempt to protect the constitutional rights of citizens, the absence of legal remedies that can be further pursued by the applicant, as well as to provide legal certainty, the Constitutional Court, granted, in its decision, the review of concrete norms. Even though the Constitutional Court remains firm in satting that it is a concrete norm, the applicant's petition is granted in part which is concerning the review the abstract norms only. Whereas, with respect to the verdict of the constitutional court that rejected the review of concrete norms, it is because the review is not on the constitutionality of norms but the application of the norms and also concerns a petition for an interlocutory decision which is irrelevant to the subject matter of the case. The review of concrete norms in a rejecting ruling is a form of prudence by the Constitutional Court in order not to prosecute the matters which constitute the authority the other judicial bodies, namely the Supreme Court and the lower courts. As for the ruling which declared a petition inadmissible, the Constitutional Court stated that the applicant has no legal standing and the Constitutional Court does not have the authority to test these norms. Finally, in the future, the Constitutional Court needs to affirm the status of norms before further examining in depth the petition filed. In addition, the Constitutional Court should be conferred with the authority to hear constitutional complaint and constitutional question in order to create the harmonization of interpretation based on the Constitution.;The review of conrete norms in the decision of judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia basically does not constitute authority of the Constitutional Court. Theoretically, norms review should be starting from abstract norms as the implications of the Constitutional Court authority. In order to review the constitutionality of laws, norms and abstract norms should be interpreted by the Constitutional Court. While concrete norms focuse more on the implementation or application of the norm itself. The application of norms cannot be separated from the legality of the norms, while constitutionality of norms is related to its coherence with with the Constitution. If the basis of norms review is the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia then abstract norms should be the main subject matter to be reviewed. Otherwise, when concrete norms are the subject matters to be reviewed, then the implementation of the norms that have been applied in concrete cases. This research is using normative juridical method with case approach in which 15 (fifteen) verdicts of the Constitutional Court of Republic of Indonesia over the period of 2003-2013 in judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution are analyzed. The focus is on the ratio decidendi of the Constitutional Court judges in determining the constitutionality of norms. The result of this research shows that, the Constitutional Court, in the judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia does not separate abstract norms and concrete norms dichotomously. In an attempt to protect the constitutional rights of citizens, the absence of legal remedies that can be further pursued by the applicant, as well as to provide legal certainty, the Constitutional Court, granted, in its decision, the review of concrete norms. Even though the Constitutional Court remains firm in satting that it is a concrete norm, the applicant's petition is granted in part which is concerning the review the abstract norms only. Whereas, with respect to the verdict of the constitutional court that rejected the review of concrete norms, it is because the review is not on the constitutionality of norms but the application of the norms and also concerns a petition for an interlocutory decision which is irrelevant to the subject matter of the case. The review of concrete norms in a rejecting ruling is a form of prudence by the Constitutional Court in order not to prosecute the matters which constitute the authority the other judicial bodies, namely the Supreme Court and the lower courts. As for the ruling which declared a petition inadmissible, the Constitutional Court stated that the applicant has no legal standing and the Constitutional Court does not have the authority to test these norms. Finally, in the future, the Constitutional Court needs to affirm the status of norms before further examining in depth the petition filed. In addition, the Constitutional Court should be conferred with the authority to hear constitutional complaint and constitutional question in order to create the harmonization of interpretation based on the Constitution.;The review of conrete norms in the decision of judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia basically does not constitute authority of the Constitutional Court. Theoretically, norms review should be starting from abstract norms as the implications of the Constitutional Court authority. In order to review the constitutionality of laws, norms and abstract norms should be interpreted by the Constitutional Court. While concrete norms focuse more on the implementation or application of the norm itself. The application of norms cannot be separated from the legality of the norms, while constitutionality of norms is related to its coherence with with the Constitution. If the basis of norms review is the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia then abstract norms should be the main subject matter to be reviewed. Otherwise, when concrete norms are the subject matters to be reviewed, then the implementation of the norms that have been applied in concrete cases. This research is using normative juridical method with case approach in which 15 (fifteen) verdicts of the Constitutional Court of Republic of Indonesia over the period of 2003-2013 in judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution are analyzed. The focus is on the ratio decidendi of the Constitutional Court judges in determining the constitutionality of norms. The result of this research shows that, the Constitutional Court, in the judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia does not separate abstract norms and concrete norms dichotomously. In an attempt to protect the constitutional rights of citizens, the absence of legal remedies that can be further pursued by the applicant, as well as to provide legal certainty, the Constitutional Court, granted, in its decision, the review of concrete norms. Even though the Constitutional Court remains firm in satting that it is a concrete norm, the applicant's petition is granted in part which is concerning the review the abstract norms only. Whereas, with respect to the verdict of the constitutional court that rejected the review of concrete norms, it is because the review is not on the constitutionality of norms but the application of the norms and also concerns a petition for an interlocutory decision which is irrelevant to the subject matter of the case. The review of concrete norms in a rejecting ruling is a form of prudence by the Constitutional Court in order not to prosecute the matters which constitute the authority the other judicial bodies, namely the Supreme Court and the lower courts. As for the ruling which declared a petition inadmissible, the Constitutional Court stated that the applicant has no legal standing and the Constitutional Court does not have the authority to test these norms. Finally, in the future, the Constitutional Court needs to affirm the status of norms before further examining in depth the petition filed. In addition, the Constitutional Court should be conferred with the authority to hear constitutional complaint and constitutional question in order to create the harmonization of interpretation based on the Constitution., The review of conrete norms in the decision of judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia basically does not constitute authority of the Constitutional Court. Theoretically, norms review should be starting from abstract norms as the implications of the Constitutional Court authority. In order to review the constitutionality of laws, norms and abstract norms should be interpreted by the Constitutional Court. While concrete norms focuse more on the implementation or application of the norm itself. The application of norms cannot be separated from the legality of the norms, while constitutionality of norms is related to its coherence with with the Constitution. If the basis of norms review is the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia then abstract norms should be the main subject matter to be reviewed. Otherwise, when concrete norms are the subject matters to be reviewed, then the implementation of the norms that have been applied in concrete cases. This research is using normative juridical method with case approach in which 15 (fifteen) verdicts of the Constitutional Court of Republic of Indonesia over the period of 2003-2013 in judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution are analyzed. The focus is on the ratio decidendi of the Constitutional Court judges in determining the constitutionality of norms. The result of this research shows that, the Constitutional Court, in the judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia does not separate abstract norms and concrete norms dichotomously. In an attempt to protect the constitutional rights of citizens, the absence of legal remedies that can be further pursued by the applicant, as well as to provide legal certainty, the Constitutional Court, granted, in its decision, the review of concrete norms. Even though the Constitutional Court remains firm in satting that it is a concrete norm, the applicant's petition is granted in part which is concerning the review the abstract norms only. Whereas, with respect to the verdict of the constitutional court that rejected the review of concrete norms, it is because the review is not on the constitutionality of norms but the application of the norms and also concerns a petition for an interlocutory decision which is irrelevant to the subject matter of the case. The review of concrete norms in a rejecting ruling is a form of prudence by the Constitutional Court in order not to prosecute the matters which constitute the authority the other judicial bodies, namely the Supreme Court and the lower courts. As for the ruling which declared a petition inadmissible, the Constitutional Court stated that the applicant has no legal standing and the Constitutional Court does not have the authority to test these norms. Finally, in the future, the Constitutional Court needs to affirm the status of norms before further examining in depth the petition filed. In addition, the Constitutional Court should be conferred with the authority to hear constitutional complaint and constitutional question in order to create the harmonization of interpretation based on the Constitution.]"

"Dalam kamus dwibahasa Indonesia-Prancis Dictionnaire General Indonesien-Francais disingkat DIF) di mana BSU-nya adalah bahasa Indonesia dan BSa -nya bahasa Prancis terdapat banyak masalah karena bahasa Indonesia memiliki sifat yang khas. Bahasa Indonesia banyak dipengaruhi oleh unsur-unsur daerah dan unsur unsur asing. Karena adanya unsur bahasa daerah dalam bahasa Indonesia maka penulis ingin melihat padanannya dalam DIF. Unsur bahasa daerah yang penulis pilih adalah bahasa Jawa. Adapun hal yang diteliti dalam skripsi ini, yang berjudul Kosakata nomina konkret bahasa Indonesia yang berasal dari Bahasa Jawa dalam Dictionnaire General Indonesien-Francais karya Pierre Labrousse. Sejauh mana ketepatan padanan kosakata nomina konkret bahasa Indonesia yang berasal dari bahasa Jawa yang diberikan dalam DIF. Untuk menganalisis ketepatan padanan kosakata nomina konkret bahasa Indonesia yang berasal dari bahasa Jawa digunakan analisis komponen makna dari Wida dan Taber. Juga digunakan syarat ketepatan padanan dari Zgusta bahwa makna leksikal kedua satuan leksikal identik dalam semua komponen, seperti penyebutan (designation), konotasi (connotation) dan ruang lingkup penggunaan (range of application). Selain itu ketepatan padanan juga dapat dilihat dari tipe padanan yang diberikan. Misalnya tipe terjemahan, tipe terjemahan (+penjelasan) dan tipe penjelasan (dari Zgusta dan Al Kasimi) . Setelah mengadakan analisis data terlihat bahwa dilihat dari komponen makna,padanan yang tepat menurut tipe padanan yaitu : padanan yang tepat menurut tipe padanan terjemahan berjumlah 68 entri dari 250 entri. (27,20%); menurut tipe padanan terjemahan (+penjelasan) berjumlah 22 entri (8,80%) dan menurut tipe padanan penjelasan berjumlah 37 entri (14,80%). padanan yang kurang tepat menurut tipe padanan terjemahan berjumlah 77 entri (30,00%); menurut tipe padanan terjemahan (penje1asan) berjumlah 20 entri (11,20%) dan menurut tipe padanan penjelasan berjumlah 10 entri (7,20%). dilihat dari gambar sebagai penunjang informasi, ternyata ada 9 entri (3,60%). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyusun kamus DIF telah berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk menyelaraskan satuan-satuan 1esika1 BSu ke dalam BSa. Adanya gambar tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kamus ini lebih ditujukan pada masyarakat BSa."

"Puisi guguritan dalam khazanah sastra Sunda merupakan materi puisi lama yang hingga kini masih ditulis dan diminati. Tradisi menulis guguritan dalam sastra Sunda banyak dilakukan sejak awal abad XX. Puisi ini masih pula ditulis dan dibaca oleh masyarakat Sunda, terutama para peminat sastra hingga awal abad XXI. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan bagaimana gaya penulisan guguritan dari tiga penyair Sunda yang pada tiga dekade terakhir dianggap tokoh penulis guguritan. Ketiga penyair guguritan tersebut yakni Dedy Windyagiri, Dyah Padmini, dan Wahyu Wibisana. Mereka merupakan tokoh penyair yang dianggap baik dalam menulis puisi guguritan seperti yang terbaca pada Jamparing Hariring (1992) karya Dedy Windyagiri, Jaladri Tingtrim (1999) karya Dyah padmini, dan Riring-riring Ciawaking (2004) karya Wahyu Wibisana. Penelitian dimaksudkan untuk memperlihatkan sejauh mana gaya kepenulisan dari ketiga penyair ini beserta pembeda yang dimilikinya masing-masing, terutama dalam pemilihan tema, pemilihan diksi, pengimajinasian, kata konkret, serta bahasa figuratif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitik. Dari hasil penelitian ini muncul kecenderungan-kecenderungan gaya kepenulisan sebagai pembeda dari masing-masing penyair, yakni kecenderungan nuansa feminin pada guguritan karya Dedy, kecenderungan nuansa maskulin pada guguritan Dyah Padmini, serta kecenderungan nuansa netral pada guguritan karya Wahyu Wibisana."

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Skripsi ini membahas perkembangan preposisi di dan pada dalam Harian Kompas dari tahun 1991 sampai tahun 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi jenis nomina yang mengikuti preposisi di dan pada dalam artikel berita Harian Kompas dari tahun 1991 sampai tahun 2016 dan (2) memaparkan perkembangan penggunaan preposisi di dan pada dilihat dari nomina yang mengikutinya dalam artikel berita Harian Kompas dari tahun 1991 sampai tahun 2016. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah artikel berita tahun 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 dan 2016. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa (1) nomina yang mengikuti preposisi di dan pada adalah nomina tempat (terbagi atas nomina konkret dan nomina abstrak) dan nomina waktu dan (2) perkembangan preposisi di dan pada dalam artikel berita Harian Kompas pada tahun 1991 sampai tahun 2016 dapat dilihat melalui nomina waktu yang mendahuluinya.

 

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This paper discuss about di and pada preposition on Harian Kompas from 1991—2016. Purpose of this research is (1) noun identified who following di and pada preposition on Harian Kompas news article from 1991—2016 and (2) describing evolution of di and pada preposition by noun followed on Harian Kompas news article from 1991—2016. Source data of this research is news article on Harian Kompas who published on 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016. The result of this research (1) noun identified who following di and pada preposition is place-noun (divided by concrete place and abstract place) and time-noun and (2) evolution of di and pada preposition on Harian Kompas news article can be seen on time-noun who following.

 

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"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa akar atau mekanisme generatif yang memproduksi peristiwa terorisme Bom Bali 1. Penelitian ini didasarkan karena kebanyakan para filsuf dan ilmuwan ketika menganalisis fenomena terorisme hanya menganalisis sebab-sebab pada tataran kenyataan empiris atau domain aktual semata, padahal untuk mencegah peristiwa teror yang serupa terjadi lagi, kita perlu mengetahui penyebab dasar atau domain real dari suatu peristiwa terorisme. Oleh karena itulah penulis dalam penelitian ini berusaha menganalisis ontologi dari fenomena terorisme Bom Bali 1 melalui pendekatan realisme ontologi Roy Bhaskar, hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka untuk mencari struktur dasar yang memproduksi realitas teror Bom Bali 1, sehingga di masa depan kita dapat menghindari peristiwa yang serupa terjadi lagi. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah struktur dasar atau mekanisme generatif yang memproduksi peristiwa terorisme Bom Bali 1 adalah kejijikan moral konkret (concrete moral disgust). Kejijikan moral konkret disini dibedakan dari kejijikan moral yang menjadi basis dari adanya sense moralitas kita. Kejijikan moral konkret adalah kejijikan moral yang sudah terkonkretisasi oleh budaya, dimana rasa jijik tersebut muncul di saat sense moralitas kita sudah dipengaruhi oleh berbagai nilai-nilai budaya tertentu, sehingga antara satu individu dengan individu lain bisa timbul rasa jijik moral yang berbeda karena masing-masing punya konkretisasi moral budaya yang berbeda.......The purspose of this reaserch is to find out what are the generative roots or mechanism that produce the Bali Bombing 1 terorist incident. Writer doing this research is because when most philosopher and scientist analyze the phenomenon of terrorism, they only analyze the cause at the level of empirical reality or the actual domain, whereas to prevent similar terror events from happening again, we need to know the basic cause or real domain of terrorist incident. Thats why author in this study try to analyze the ontology of the Bali Bombing 1 terrorist phenomenon through Roy Bhaskar ontology realism, this is done to find the basic structure that produces the reality of the Bali Bombing 1 terror, so that in the future we can avoid similar events it happen again. The conclusion drawn from this research is that basic structure or generative mechanism that produced the Bali Bombing 1 terrorism is concrete moral disgust. The concrete moral disgust here is distinguished from the moral disgust that has been concretized by culture where this disgust appears when our sense of morality has been influenced by centainly culture values, so that between one individual and another individual a different  sense of moral disgust can arise because each have different cultural moral concretions."

"Salah satu motif yang mendasari perilaku prososial adalah empati. Penelitian Pronin, Olivola, dan Kennedy (2007) memperlihatkan perbedaan perilaku prososial orang yaitu saat eksperimenter menggunakan bahasa abstrak partisipan hanya sedikit menunjukkan rasa empati dan perilaku prososial pada kondisi present self, hal yang terjadi adalah sebaliknya saat eksperimenter menggunakan bahasa konkret. Ditemukan pula bahwa partisipan memilih jarak waktu yang lebih lama untuk mengerjakan aktivitas yang diminta dalam kuesioner dengan deskripsi abstrak (Liberman, Trope, McCrea, & Sherman, 2007). Penafsiran tingkat tinggi cenderung diungkapkan melalui penggunaan bahasa yang lebih abstrak dibandingkan dengan penafsiran tingkat rendah oleh partisipan pada penelitian Fujita, Henderson, Eng, Trope dan Liberman (2006) yang menggunakan Linguistic Categorization Model (LCM) untuk mengkodekan respon partisipannya. Ketiga penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka berpikir teori jenjang penafsiran dan jarak psikologis. Pada skripsi ini penulis ingin melakukan penelitian lanjutan dari penelitian Liberman, dkk (2007) dengan menambahkan jarak temporal sebagai variabel bebas kedua dan intensi prososial sebagai variabel terikatnya. Penulis menggunakan desain penelitian 2x2 Mixed Design ANOVA dan mengharapkan tingkat keabstrakan bahasa akan berinteraksi secara signifikasi dengan jarak temporal dalam mempengaruhi intensi prososial. Hasilnya,interaksi antara tingkat keabstrakan bahasa dan jarak temporal tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap intensi prososial. Implikasi penelitian ini didiskusikan pada bagian akhir skripsi. ......One of the motives underlying prosocial behavior is empathy. Research from Pronin, Olivola, and Kennedy (2007) showed that there are differences in people prosocial behavior, which when experimenters used abstract language participants only showed a few sense of empathy and prosocial behavior in the present self condition, and a contradictive result shown when they used a concrete language. It was found that participants choosen a longer time to do the activities requested in the questionnaire with an abstract description (Liberman, Trope, McCrea, & Sherman, 2007). Furthermore, compared with low-level construals, high-level construals should be revealed through the use of more abstract language (Fujita, Henderson, Eng, Trope and Liberman, 2006) which used the Linguistic Categorization Model (LCM) to encode participants response. Those three studies used construal level theory (CLT) and psychological distance theoritical framework. In this thesis the author aims to conduct a follow up study from Liberman, et al’s research (2007) by adding temporal distances as the second independent variable, and prosocial intentions as the dependent variable. The author uses the 2x2 Mixed Design ANOVA and hypothesize that the participants language abstractness level will interact with temporal distances in influencing prosocial intention. The result showed that interaction between language abstractness level and temporal distance have no significant impact on prosocial intentions. Implications of this thesis are discussed."