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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang dapat berkontribusi pada anemia ibu menyusui. Belum adanya prevalensi khusus anemia pada ibu menyusui menjadi masalah baru karena anemia pada ibu menyusui dapat memberikan dampak buruk kepada ibu dan bayinya. Selain itu, faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan anemia pada ibu menyusui belum diketahui secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan metode pengambilan sampel konsekutif yang melibatkan 74 subjek ibu menyusui berusia 20-35 tahun yang melahirkan 3-6 bulan terakhir. Lokasi penelitian berada di Puskesmas Grogol Petamburan dan Cilincing, Jakarta, Indonesia pada bulan Februari-April 2019. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data karakteristik dasar dan asupan zat gizi. Pemeriksaan antropometri (indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan lingkar lengan atas/LiLA) dan laboratorium (hemoglobin, serum feritin, dan serum c-reactive protein) dilakukan. Uji t tidak berpasangan, uji Mann Whitney, dan uji Fisher exact digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor nutrisi dan non-nutrisi dengan anemia. Nilai P< 0,05 dianggap signifikan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan prevalensi anemia 8% dengan anemia defisiensi besi sebesar 3%. Dari faktor nutrisi didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara IMT (p=0,023) dan LiLA (p=0,017) dengan status anemia. Sedangkan tidak didapatkan hubungan antara faktor non nutrisi dengan anemia. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa IMT dan LiLA yang lebih tinggi lebih tidak berisiko untuk terjadinya anemia pada ibu menyusui.

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The study aimed to explore contributing factors of anemia in lactating mothers. No prevalence data of anemia in lactating mothers become a new problem because anemia can give bad impacts to both mothers and babies. Beside that, there is lack of knowledge about contributing factors of anemia in lactating mothers. This was a cross sectional study that used consecutive sampling method which recruited 74 subjects of lactating mothers aged 20-35 years old who gave delivery within the last 3-6 months in Grogol Petamburan and Cilincing Primary Health Care, Jakarta, Indonesia in February to April 2019. Interview was used to collect basic characteristic data and dietary intakes. Anthropometric measurement and laboratory examination (hemoglobin, ferritin serum, and c-reactive protein) were done. T-independent test, Mann Whitney test, and Fisher exact test were used to determine factors associated with anemia. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results showed that the prevalence of anemia is 8% with 3% iron deficiency anemia. Significant correlations were found between BMI (p=0.023) and MUAC (p=0.017) with anemia status. In conclusion, those with higher BMI and MUAC are less likely to develop anemia in lactating mothers."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dislipidemia pada ibu menyusui dan hubungannya dengan status seng. Dislipidemia, yaitu abnormalitas pada kadar profil lipid, merupakan salah satu faktor risiko dari penyakit tidak menular, khususnya penyakit jantung koroner. Keadaan dislipidemia pada perempuan dapat diakibatkan oleh perubahan metabolisme lipid saat kehamilan yang dapat terus menetap hingga masa menyusui. Seng merupakan salah satu mikronutrien yang dapat mempengaruhi kadar profil lipid dan kadarnya ditemukan rendah pada ibu menyusui. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Cilincing dan Grogol Petamburan, Jakarta pada bulan Februari-April 2019. Sebanyak 75 subjek ibu menyusui 3-6 bulan postpartum berusi 20-35 tahun direkrut menggunakan metode sampel konsekutif. Data karakteristik dasar dan asupan nutrien diambil melalui wawancara. Pemeriksaan laboratorium dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar profil lipid dan seng serum. Kriteria dislipidemia menggunakan acuan NCEP ATP III. Hasil penelitian didapatkan prevalensi dislipidemia 69,3% (n=52) dengan 36,5% (n=19) nya akibat kadar HDL yang rendah. Sebanyak 77,3% (n=58) subjek tidak mendapatkan asupan seng yang cukup dan berdasarkan kadar seng serum ditemukan 78,7% (n=59) subjek mengalami defisiensi seng. Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara status seng dengan dislipidemia, baik berdasarkan status asupan seng maupun status seng serum.This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in lactating mother and its relationship with zinc status. Dyslipidemia, an abnormality in lipid profile, is one of major risk factor for non communicable disease, such as coronary heart disease. Physiologic condition, such as pregnancy, may caused physiologic changes, including alterations in lipid profile on healthy, pregnant women which may persist after delivery. Zinc may influence serum lipid profil and its level was found to be low in lactating mothers. This was a cross sectional study conducted in Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilincing, North Jakarta and Puskesmas Kecamatan Grogol Petamburan, West Jakarta between February and April 2019. Seventy five lactating mothers at 3-6 months postpartum aged 20-35 years old were recruited using consecutive sampling method. Interview were performed to collect basic characteristic and evaluate nutrient intake. Weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Blood sample was obtained after 10-12 hour overnight fast to analyze serum lipid profile and zinc serum. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed using NCEP ATP III criteria. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 69.3% (n=52) with 38.5% (n=19) of them due to low HDL level. Approximately 77.3% (n=58) subjects had low zinc intake and zinc deficiency was found 78.7% (n=59) subjects. Zinc status, both based on intake and serum, showed no significant relationship with dyslipidemia."

"Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan bayi dengan standar emas. Walaupun ASI memiliki manfaat yang banyak, akan tetapi presentasi ibu yang menyusui ASI eksklusif terus mengalami penurunan. Berdasarkan Riskesdas tahun 2010, angka ibu yang memberikan ASI eksklusif untuk bayi 6 bulan turun menjadi 15,3 persen dari yang semula 39 persen pada tahun 2007. Ada beberapa hal yang menyebabkan penurunan angka cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif ini, diantaranya adalah ibu menyusui yang bekerja. Data stastistik menunjukan bahwa wanita bekerja yang berperan ganda saat ini meningkat tajam dari tahun ke tahun, terutama mereka yang hidup di kota-kota besar.Data dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) tahun 2003 menunjukan pekerja di Indonesia mencapai 100.316.007 orang dimana 64,6% pekerja laki-laki dan 35,4 % pekerja wanita. Masalah yang terjadi di Kementerian PP-PA adalah belum optimalnya pemanfaatan ruang ASI oleh ibu menyusui yang bekerja walaupun sudah didukung oleh fasilitas dan kebijakan nasional yang ada di lingkup Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan perlindungan anak.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kendala yang berhubungan dengan praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif di lingkup Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan perlindungan anak. Desain penelitian menggunakan studi kualitatif dengan metode Rapid Assessment Prosedure. Sumber informasi berasal dari ibu menyusui dengan ASI eksklusif sebanyak empat orang, ibu menyusui dengan tidak ASI eksklusif sebanyak empat orang, informan kunci sebanyak 3 orang terdiri dari dua atasan dan satu tenaga kesehatan.Hasil penelitian untuk ketersediaan ruang ASI dan fasilitas pendukung, hampir semua informan ibu menyusui (7 dari 8) dan semua informan pejabat serta tenaga kesehatan mengatakan bahwa fasilitas pendukung ruang ASI harus diperbaiki, untuk peranan kebijakan atasan didapatkan hasil sebagian besar dari informan ibu menyusui (5 dari 8) mengatakan ada kendala dalam hal penerapan kebijakan atasan ketika ibu mau melaksanakan proses pemberian ASI eksklusif di kantor, selain itu juga faktor hambatan yang dirasakan ibu menyusui adalah sebagian besar ibu menyusui mengatakan bahwa kendalanya adalah beban kerja yang banyak.Breastfeeding is baby food with the gold standard. Although breastfeeding has many benefits, but the percentage of mothers who breastfeed exclusively, continue to decline. Based on Riskesdas in 2010, a figure shows that mothers who breastfeed infants exclusively for six months fell to 15.3 % of the original 39 % in 2007. There are several things that cause reductions in the scope of this exclusive breastfeeding, such as mothers who work. Statistic data showed that the dual role of working women is currently increasing sharply from year to year, especially those living in big cities.

Data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2003 showed workers in Indonesia reaches 100.316.007 of which 64.6% of male workers and 35.4% female workers. Problems that occur in the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection is the non optimal space utilization by lactating working mothers who breastfed, despite being supported by the facility and the existing policy on the scope of the Ministry of Women and Child Protection.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the obstacles related to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in the scope of the Ministry of Women and Child Protection. The design of this study is using qualitative studies by the method of Rapid Assessment Procedure. Sources of information derived from exclusive breastfeeding lactating mothers with as many as four people, breastfeeding mothers who are not exclusively breastfed with as many as four people, as well as a key informant as much as three persons consisting of two superiors and one health worker.

The results for the availability of space and facilities to support breastfeeding is that nearly all informants lactating mothers (7 of 8) and all informants and health officials say that the breastfeeding room facilities should be improved. The informant of lactating mothers (5 of 8) says there are constraints in terms of policy implementation from the superior when the mother would carry out the process of exclusive breastfeeding in the office. The other factors that perceived barriers for lactating mothers is mostly the heavy workloads."

"Konsumsi Energi Saat Laktasi dan Durasi Menyusui di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Margajaya Kota Bekasi Tahun 2014. Kendati rekomendasi angka kecukupan gizi menunjukkan lebih tingginya kebutuhan energy ibu saat laktasi dibandingkan saat hamil namun penelitian di Jakarta dan Depok menunjukkan konsumsi energy ibu laktasi justru lebih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan konsumsi energi ibu laktasi serta hubungan antara konsumsi energy ibu laktasi dengan durasi menyusui di Puskesmas Margajaya Kota Bekasi tahun 2014. Penelitian dilakukan secara cross sectional terhadap 60 orang ibu menggunakan kuesioner termasuk Semi- quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara umur ibu, paritas, dan konsumsi energy ibu hamil dengan konsumsi energi ibu menyusui. Ibu cukup umur (>27 tahun), multipara dan konsumsi energy hamil rendah (<2.100 Kal/hari) berisiko untuk memiliki konsumsi energy laktasi yang rendah. Selain itu, ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara konsumsi energy ibu laktasi dengan durasi menyusui. Ibu yang konsumsi energinya saat laktasi rendah berpeluang 4 kali lebih besar untuk memiliki durasi menyusui yang singkat. Direkomendasikan perlunya informasi kepada ibu tentang pentingnya konsumsi energi saat laktasi karena kebutuhannya yang tinggi untuk mendukung produksi ASI.Disarankan juga agar peningkatan rekomendasi angka kecukupan energi untuk ibu laktasi bulan ke 6-12 dimajukan menjadi bulan ke-4 mengingat kebutuhan gizi memasuki bulan ke-4 tersebut sudah sangat besar.;Despite recommendation for higher energy intake during lactation than during pregnancy, researches at Jakarta and Depok showed that energy consumption during lactation was lower than during pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between individual characteristics and energy consumption during lactation, and to assess the relationship between energy consumption during lactation to duration of breastfeeding among 60 mothers in the working area of PuskesmasMargajayaBekasi City in 2014. This research used a cross-sectional design; data was collected through primary data collection by questionnaire and Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Analysis was conducted using chi-square technique. The study found that mothers of sufficient age (>27 years old), multiparous, and had low (<2,100 kcal/day) energy intake during pregnancy had significant higher risk to low energy consumption during lactation. Mothers with low energy consumption during lactation had 4 times higher risk of short duration of breastfeeding. It is recommended to provide information on the importance of higher energy intake during lactation due to the higher need to support breastmilk production and also to shift forward the nutrition recommendation regarding additional energy intake during lactation period from month 6 to month 4 due to higher energy requirement that commences when lactating mothers enter the fourth month of lactation.

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Despite recommendation for higher energy intake during lactation than during pregnancy, researches at Jakarta and Depok showed that energy consumption during lactation was lower than during pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between individual characteristics and energy consumption during lactation, and to assess the relationship between energy consumption during lactation to duration of breastfeeding among 60 mothers in the working area of PuskesmasMargajayaBekasi City in 2014. This research used a cross-sectional design; data was collected through primary data collection by questionnaire and Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Analysis was conducted using chi-square technique. The study found that mothers of sufficient age (>27 years old), multiparous, and had low (<2,100 kcal/day) energy intake during pregnancy had significant higher risk to low energy consumption during lactation. Mothers with low energy consumption during lactation had 4 times higher risk of short duration of breastfeeding. It is recommended to provide information on the importance of higher energy intake during lactation due to the higher need to support breastmilk production and also to shift forward the nutrition recommendation regarding additional energy intake during lactation period from month 6 to month 4 due to higher energy requirement that commences when lactating mothers enter the fourth month of lactation."

"Despite recommendation for higher energy intake during lactation than during pregnancy, researches at Jakarta andDepok showed that energy consumption during lactation was lower than during pregnancy. The purpose of this study isto investigate the association between individual characteristics and energy consumption during lactation, and to assessthe relationship between energy consumption during lactation to duration of breastfeeding among 60 mothers in theworking area of PuskesmasMargajayaBekasi City in 2014. This research used a cross-sectional design; data wascollected through primary data collection by questionnaire and Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire.Analysis was conducted using chi-square technique. The study found that mothers of sufficient age (>27 years old),multiparous, and had low (<2,100 kcal/day) energy intake during pregnancy had significant higher risk to low energyconsumption during lactation. Mothers with low energy consumption during lactation had 4 times higher risk of shortduration of breastfeeding. It is recommended to provide information on the importance of higher energy intake duringlactation due to the higher need to support breastmilk production and also to shift forward the nutrition recommendationregarding additional energy intake during lactation period from month 6 to month 4 due to higher energy requirementthat commences when lactating mothers enter the fourth month of lactation.Konsumsi Energi Saat Laktasi dan Durasi Menyusui di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Margajaya Kota BekasiTahun 2014. Kendati rekomendasi angka kecukupan gizi menunjukkan lebih tingginya kebutuhan energy ibu saatlaktasi dibandingkan saat hamil namun penelitian di Jakarta dan Depok menunjukkan konsumsi energy ibu laktasi justrulebih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan konsumsi energi ibu laktasiserta hubungan antara konsumsi energy ibu laktasi dengan durasi menyusui di Puskesmas Margajaya Kota Bekasi tahun2014. Penelitian dilakukan secara cross sectional terhadap 60 orang ibu menggunakan kuesioner termasuk SemiquantitativeFood Frequency Questionnaire. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara umur ibu, paritas, dan konsumsi energy ibu hamil dengan konsumsienergi ibu menyusui. Ibu cukup umur (>27 tahun), multipara dan konsumsi energy hamil rendah (<2.100 Kal/hari)berisiko untuk memiliki konsumsi energy laktasi yang rendah. Selain itu, ditemukan hubungan bermakna antarakonsumsi energy ibu laktasi dengan durasi menyusui. Ibu yang konsumsi energinya saat laktasi rendah berpeluang 4kali lebih besar untuk memiliki durasi menyusui yang singkat. Direkomendasikan perlunya informasi kepada ibutentang pentingnya konsumsi energi saat laktasi karena kebutuhannya yang tinggi untuk mendukung produksiASI.Disarankan juga agar peningkatan rekomendasi angka kecukupan energi untuk ibu laktasi bulan ke 6-12 dimajukanmenjadi bulan ke-4 mengingat kebutuhan gizi memasuki bulan ke-4 tersebut sudah sangat besar."

"A cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of heavy metal contamination and nutritional status of lactating women and children living in a low socio economic urban coastal community. The study was carried out in Kenjeran, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Socio-economically-linked parameters and nutritional status were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were collected from all mothers and children, 94 venous blood and 86 breast milk samples were collected from the mothers and 10 blood samples were obtained from the children. Blood and breast milk samples were analyzed at BATAN1 in Jakarta, BLK2 in Surabaya and at SEAMED laboratory.The median age of the children was 15 months (range: 2-50 months). Median age of mothers and fathers was 26 and 30 years, respectively. The fathers? main occupation was in the private sector (33%) followed by fishermen (24%). Most mothers remained at home (80%). Stunting in children was 25.3% (HAZ<-2 SD), wasting was 9.9% (WHZ<-2 SD) and underweight was 30.8% (WAZ<-2 SD). Anemia was prevalent in 60% of the children (Hb<11g/dL) and 56.4% of the mothers (Hb<12g/dL). High levels of lead (71.3%), cadmium (33%) and mercury (8.5%) were found in the blood of the mothers and high levels of lead (94.2%), cadmium (77.9%) and mercury (34.9%) were found in the breast milk. Levels used to determine "high" Pb, Cd and Hg in blood were 300µg/L, 5gglL and 15µg/L, respectively. Levels used to determine "high" Pb, Cd and Hg in breast milk were 201.tg/L, 5 µgfL and 3.5 µg/L, respectively. Median levels of Pb-B, Cd-B and Hg-B were 416.7µg/L, 22.5 1411, and 6.3 µgfL, respectively. Median levels of Pb-M, Cd-M and Hg-M was 537.6 µg/L, 36µg/L and 0.7 µg/L, respectively. All children exceeded the level of concern for lead in blood recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (10µg/dL). High lead in breast milk was associated with low hemoglobin concentrations in the mothers' blood, and a high mercury concentration in blood was associated with the frequency of fresh fish intake.As a consequence of high heavy metal exposure in the environment, the population of Kenjeran is suffering from adverse health effects. Contaminated breast milk is a major public health concern for the future of the child's mental development and growth. Heavy metal contamination may endanger the health and well-being of the population, reduce work productivity and raise national health costs. Further studies are needed to monitor the extent of heavy metal contamination in coastal communities surrounding urban areas. Improving the micronutrient status of the population, raising public awareness on the negative health effects of metal toxicity, developing strategies to prevent further exposure, improving the quality of drinking water, identifying alternative sources of income and implementing industrial waste control laws are recommended.Notes :1) BATAN : Badan Tenaga Atom National (National Institute for Atomic Energy) in Jakarta.2) BLK : Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan (Laboratory of the Department of Health) in Surabay."

"Air susu ibu adalah sumber nutrisi paling baik untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi, yang mengandung banyak komponen penting salah satunya antioksidan enzimatik yaitu Superoksida Dismutase (SOD). Sebagai antioksidan lini pertama, SOD berfungsi mengkatalisis superoksida menjadi hidrogen peroksida dan selanjutnya hidrogen peroksida diubah menjadi air dan alkohol oleh katalase (CAT) dan Glutation Peroksidase (GPx). Vitamin E sebagai antioksidan eksogen dari luar tubuh akan membantu kerja SOD untuk mencegah keadaan stres oksidatif.  Fungsi vitamin E adalah mencegah terjadinya kerusakan lemak pada membran sel. Vitamin E akan bekerja secara sinergis dengan vitamin C yang akan mengubah kembali vitamin E menjadi bentuk non radikal. Asupan vitamin E dan vitamin C di Indonesia masih belum jelas terutama pada ibu laktasi sehingga perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitianini merupakan penelitianpotong lintang yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Grogol Petamburan dan Puskesmas Cilincing pada 60 orang ibu laktasi berusia 20-40 tahun yang menyusui bayi berumur 1-6 bulan. Penelitian ini berlangsung sejak bulan Maret hingga April 2019 yang bertujuanuntuk melihat korelasi antara asupan vitamin E dan vitamin C dengan aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI. Aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI dinilai menggunakanRansod kit 125 dengan metode spektrofotometri. Median aktivitas total SOD eritrosit sebesar 423,73 (242-858) U/ml, sedangkan median aktivitas total SOD ASI 58,34 U/ml(24,86-287,79) U/ml. Asupan vitamin E yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah 91,7% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin E yang rendahsedangkan 70% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin C yang cukup. Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi bermakna antara asupan vitamin E dan C dengan aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI (p>0,05).

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Human milk is the best nutrition for infant's growth and development. Human milk contains many components, one of them is superoxide dismutase (SOD). As a first line antioxidant, SOD plays a role to convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and furthermore will continue with catalase (CAT) and gluthathione peroxide (GPx) to change hydrogen peroxide into water and alcohol molecule. Vitamin E as an exogenous antioxidant will help SOD to prevent oxidative stress. Vitamin E inhibits lipid peroxidation in membrane cell. Vitamin C helps vitamin E back into non radical molecule. Vitamin E and vitamin C intake in Indonesia still unclear especially among lactating mothers. This cross sectional study conducted in Grogol Petamburan and Cilincing Health Centre in 60 lactating mothers aged 20-40 yo whose feeding 1-6 months infants. Study was held from march until April 2019 to assess correlation between vitamin E and C intake of lactating mothers with erythrocyte and brestmilk SOD total activity. Total SOD activity in erythrocyte and human milk were analyzed with Ransod kit 125with spectrophotometry method. Median SOD total activity in erythrocyte was 423,73 (242-858)U/ml, meanwhile SOD total activity in breastmilk has median value 58,34 U/ml (24,86-287,79) U/ml. Subjects with low vitamin C intake were 91,7% and 70% subjects had adequate vitamin C intake. There were no significant correlation between vitamin E and vitamin C intake in lactating mothers with erythrocyte and breastmilk SOD total activity (p>0,05)."

"Status gizi seseorang menunjukkan seberapa besar kebutuhan fisiologis individu tersebut telah terpenuhi. Keseimbangan antara nutrisi yang masuk dan energi dikeluarkan untuk mencapai kesehatan optimal sangatlah penting, termasuk bagi seorang ibu yang sedang dalam masa menyusui. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi ibu menyusui antara lain usia, genetik, status hormonal, tingkat pendidikan, penghasilan, morbiditas, praktek pemberian ASI eksklusif, dan asupan makanan. Dengan berubahnya faktor-faktor tersebut dapat membuat status gizi ibu menyusui menjadi kurang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dan dilakukan pada 86 ibu yang mempunyai bayi berusia 1,5 bulan atau lebih yang tinggal di beberapa RW/Posyandu terpilih di Jakarta Utara pada tahun 2009. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian ”Survei Cepat Ibu Menyusui” pada beberapa Kelurahan di DKI Jakarta tahun 2005. Untuk status gizi, responden dibagi menjadi dua bagian berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh menjadi kurang dan tidak kurang dengan batasan 18,49 kg/m2. Lalu dilakukan uji statistik untuk menilai hubungan usia, tingkat pendidikan, penghasilan, morbiditas, praktek menyusui Asi secara eksklusif dengan status gizi ibu menyusui. Pasien memiliki IMT rerata 22.86 ± 3,79 kg/m2, terdiri dari ibu dengan IMT lebih 47,7%, IMT kurang 11,6%, dan IMT normal 40,7%. Dengan uji Chi-Square dan uji Fisher tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara masingmasing variabel yang diteliti dengan status gizi ibu menyusui (p<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara antara status gizi subyek dengan usia, tingkat pendidikan, penghasilan, morbiditas, dan praktek pemberian ASI eksklusif di Jakarta Utara pada tahun 2009.

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The nutritional status of an individual shows how far the physiological needs have been fulfilled. The balance between the income nutrition and the outcome energy to achieve an optimum health is very important, including for a lactating woman. Factors contributing to the nutritional state of a lactating woman are the age, genetics, hormonal state, level of education, the mother’s income, the mother’s morbidity, the exclusive breastfeeding, and the intake of food. Changing those factors can lead the nutritional state of the lactating mother below the normal range. The design used was the cross-sectional study and had been done in 86 lactating mothers at North Jakarta in the year of 2009. This research uses the secondary data from the ”Quick Survey of Lactating Mother” rersearch at Jakarta in the year of 2005. For the nutritional state, all the respondents are divided into two groups acording to the body mass index, one is underweight group and the other is non-underweight group with the cut off point 18,49 kg/m2. We had been done the statistical test to assess the correlation of the age, level of education, the income, the morbidity, exclusive breastfeeding with the nutritional state of lactating mother. The result is, all the resopndents have a mean of BMI 22.86 ± 3,79 kg/m2, this includes the mothers within the overweight range 47,7%, the mothers within the underweight range 11,6%, and the mothers within the normoweight range 40,7%. With the Chi-Square test and the Fisher test, we did not find the significant relationship between those variables with the nutritional state of lactating mother (p<0,05). So we conclude that there is no significant relationship between the nutritional state of lactating mother with the age, level of education, the income, the morbidity, and the exclusive breastfeeding at North Jakarta in year 2009."

"Pada masa menyusui, kebutuhan gizi ibu mengalami peningkatan. Periode ini merupakan periode penting bagi ibu untuk mengembalikan cadangan gizi ibu setelah melahirkan serta memastikan terpenuhinya kebutuhan energi tambahan untuk menyusui. Namun, berbagai penelitian menemukan bahwa asupan energi ibu menyusui belum memenuhi angka kecukupan yang direkomendasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan asupan energi ibu menyusui di Kecamatan Sawangan, Kota Depok. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional ini menggunakan data sekunder. Terdapat 217 ibu menyusui pada penelitian ini. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas ibu menyusui di Kecamatan Sawangan memiliki asupan energi yang tidak adekuat (78,3%). Keragaman konsumsi pangan (p-value 0,006) dan frekuensi makan (p-value 0,015) merupakan faktor yang berkaitan dengan asupan energi ibu menyusui. Faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan asupan energi pada ibu menyusui adalah keragaman konsumsi pangan. Ibu menyusui yang konsumsinya tidak beragam berisiko 2,507 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengonsumsi energi tidak adekuat dibandingkan ibu dengan konsumsi beragam, setelah dilakukan kontrol terhadap variabel lainnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan intervensi pada ibu menyusui salah satunya dengan pemberian makanan tambahan agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan gizinya sehingga dapat memberikan Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif selama 6 bulan.

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Nutritional needs of mothers are increased during lactation. This period is crucial to replenish their nutrient reserves after childbirth and ensure the fulfillment of additional energy requirements for lactation. However, various studies have reported that energy intake of lactating mothers still falls short of the recommended adequacy levels. This study aimed to identify factors associated with energy intake among lactating mothers at Sawangan District, Depok City. This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design utilizing secondary data. There were 217 lactating mothers included in this study. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression. This study revealed that the majority of lactating mothers at Sawangan District had inadequate energy intake (78,3%). Dietary diversity (p-value 0,006) and eating frequency (p-value 0,015) were found to be factors associated with the energy intake of lactating mothers. The dominant factor was dietary diversity. Breastfeeding mothers who had less diverse food consumption were at a 2,507 times higher risk of having inadequate energy intake compared to mothers with diverse consumption, after controlling for other variables. Therefore, interventions are needed, including the provision of supplementary food, to help lactating mothers meet their nutritional needs and continue providing exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months."