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"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi jumlah lapisan kevlar dan impregnasi nano alumina pada serat kevlar terhadap ketahanan balistik komposit laminat hybrid. Terdapat beberapa bahan yang digunakan diantaranya adalah lembaran alumunium 2024-T3, serat kevlar berjenis 29, nano alumina serta resin epoksi.Dalam membuat larutan pengimpregnasi, bahan yang digunakan ialah larutan Polietilen glikol-400 yang kemudian dicampur dengan nano alumina dengan menggunakan magnetic stirrer selama 2 jam. Untuk menurunkan tegangan dan mengoptimalkan proses impregnasi pada serat kevlar, juga digunakan larutan etanol pada campuran larutan impregnasi. Setelah itu serat kevlar direndam dengan campuran yang sudah dibuat lalu dikeringkan. Langkah selanjutnya ialah merakit struktur komposit laminat dengan metode hand layup dengan bantuan epoksi sebagai perekat dan dilanjutkan dengan proses pengeringan di temperatur ruang dengan bantuan epoksi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan jumlah lapisan sangat berpengaruh kepada ketahanan sampel dalam uji balistik maupun impak.Pengaruh dari variasi lapisan dan impregnasi nano alumina dapat meningkatkan ketahan balistik dan impak dari sampel.Hal ini dianalisis berdasarkan beberapa pengujian seperti pengamatan visual dan foto makro. Di sisi lain pengujian ketahan balistik juga diikuti dengan pengukuran diameter perforasi sekaligus tingkat kedalaman penetrasi yang dibentuk akibat proyektil.

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The goals of this research is to determine the effect of variations in the number of kevlar layers and nano alumina impregnation on kevlar fibres on the ballistic resistance of hybrid laminate composites. There are several materials used; aluminium sheet 2024-T3, kevlar fibre type 29, nano alumina and epoxy resin. In the process of making the impregnation solution, the component that used is Polyethylene glycol-400 solution, who will be mixing with nano alumina using a magnetic stirrer for 2 hours. For optimize the impregnation process in kevlar fibres and reduce the stress, ethanol solution was giving in a mixture of impregnation solution. After the Kevlar layers soaked in a solution, then the kevlar must be dried. The next step is to assemble the laminate composite structure by hand layup method with epoxy resin as an adhesive, and then by drying at room temperature. The experimental results show that increasing the number of layers and adding alumina particle on Kevlar fiber increases the effect of sample durability on ballistic tests and impacts. Those were analyzed based on several assessments; visual observations and macro photographs. On the other hand, ballistic endurance testing is also measured based on the size of the perforation diameter and the depth of penetration formed by the projectile."

"Studi ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana lukisan dua dimensi (2D) menunjukkan kualitas kedalaman, menciptakan lapisan yang berpotensi menjadi dasar pemrograman ruang tiga dimensi (3D). Berdasarkan teknik menggambar yang ada pada lukisan-lukisan seniman Bauhaus, penelitian ini secara kreatif menghasilkan dua lukisan untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk membentuk ruang jalur tiga dimensi (3D). Studi ini kemudian mengeksplorasi bagaimana analisis kedalaman yang didorong oleh garis tebal, relativitas ukuran, pemisahan bidang, bidang jarak, dan kuadrat kedalaman memungkinkan produksi urutan berjalan. Studi menghasilkan tampilan atas dan tampilan samping dari urutan berjalan, menentukan jalur spasial secara keseluruhan. Dari kajian ini diketahui bahwa susunan lapisan yang terbentuk dari lukisan dapat direfleksikan dan menjadi dasar produksi ruang 3D.

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This study explores how a two-dimensional (2D) painting demonstrate depth qualities, creating layers that potentially become the basis for three-dimensional (3D) space programming. Based on the existing drawing techniques found in the paintings by Bauhaus artists, the study creatively generates two paintings to be developed further to form athree-dimensional (3D) pathways space. The study then explores how the depth analysis driven by bold lines, size relativity, field separation, field of distance, and depth square enable production of the walking sequence. The study generates the top views and side views of the walking sequence, determining the overall spatial pathways. From this study we knew that the arrangement of the layers formed from the painting can be reflected and become  the basis of 3D spaces production."

"Penelitian pada tesis ini di bidang divais fotonik diutamakan pada pabrikasi dan karakterisasi dari bahan dasar GaInAsP/InP untuk penguat optik dengan panjang gelombang 1,55 µm, yang tidak lain adalah sama dengan bahan dasar untuk laser semikonduktor.Pada rancang bangun penguat optik dibuat struktur lapisan yang menghasilkan moda tunggal yang terdiri dan 4 buah lapisan GaInAsP, masing-masing 2 lapisan pandu gelombang dengan panjang gelombang 1,17 pm, lapisan aktif dengan 1,55 pm, dan lapisan anti cair ulang (ACU) dengan 1,3 gm. Untuk penumbuhan dipilih lapisan pandu gelombang dengan ketebalan 0,25 gm, lapisan aktif 0,19 pm dan lapisan ACU 0,19 gm. Di tumbuhankan dengan menggunakan LPE (Liquid Phase Epitaxy) yaitu penumbuhan yang dilakukan pada saat kristal dalam keadaan fasa cair dengan teknik penumbuhan Two-Phase Solution. Bahan InP, GaAs, InAs sebagai bahan sumber ditumbuhkan diatas substrat InP, membentuk struktur lapisan DH (Double Heterostructure) instrinsik tujuh lapisan dan melalui proses lanjutan dapat dibuat menjadi penguat optik atau diode laser sernikonduktor GaInAsP/InP 1,55 µm.Struktur dasar GaInAsP/InP untuk penguat optik dibuat dengan proses penumbuhan, yang dimulai dengan menyentuhkan larutan kristal Indium pada sampel substrat, kemudian dilakukan penumbuhan lapian dengan menyentuhkan larutan kristal secara berurutan diatas sampel substrat. Proses penumbuhan dilakukan tiga tahapan, yaitu : tahapan pendahuluan, tahapan pembentukan pandu gelombang dan tahapan pembentukan struktur DH (Double Heterostucture). Ketebalan lapisan dapat diatur dengan memvariasi suhu peleburan dan waktu penumbuhan. Karakterisasi ketebalan lapisan dilakukan dengan menggunakan SEM, dan Pengukuran panjang gelombang dilakukan dengan photoluminescence, dengan cara menembakkan laser pada pennukaan sampel. Emisi pandu gelombang diterima, direkam menggunakan optical spectrum analyzer (OSA).

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This research is focused on photonic devices particularly on fabrication and characteristic of 1.55 gm GaInAsP/InP semiconductor laser materials for an optical amplifier.

The Optical amplifier was designed for a single-mode laser. This layers contains of four layers where two of them ar ,used as 1,17 p.m wave guide and the other are applied as a 1,55 µm active layer and a 1,3 gm anti melt back (AMB) layer. The layers were growth by designing 0.25 gm wave guiding layer thickness, 0,19 gm active layer thickness, and 0.19 gm AMB layer thickness. The layers was grow by LPE (Liquid Phase Epitaxy) with The Two Phase Solution growing technique. Source material InP, GaAs, InAs was grown on InP substrate, form seven layers of intrinsic DH and then via further process, these layers structure ca be made as an optical amplifier or a semiconductor laser diode of 1.55 gm GaInAsPfInP .

The basic structure was made by touching an indium crystal on a sample substrate. Then , some layers were growth by touching other crystal solution consecutively on the sample substrate. The growth process was three step of growth i.e: in the first place of growth, growth of wave guide and growth of DH. The thickness of any layers was arranged by varying the melting temperature and the growth time. The thickness characterization of the layer was carried out by SEM and the wave length measurement was executed by shooting a laser on the sample surface. The emission of the wave guides was received and recorded by an optical spectrum analyzer."

"PENYELIDIKAN STRUKTUR DAN KARAKTERISTIK TANAH UNTUK DESAIN PONDASIIRADIATOR GAMMA KAPASITAS 2 MCi. Penyelidikan tanah telah dilakukan sebelum pekerjaandisain struktur pondasi gedung iradiator. Pengambilan sample ditetapkan di beberapa titik bor di sitefasilitas Iradiator pada lapisan tanah terganggu maupun tidak terganggu. Dari hasil penyelidikantanah ini akan dipilih alternatif / jenis, kedalaman serta dimensi pondasi yang paling ekonomis tetapimasih aman. Metode penyelidikan tanah yang digunakan adalah Deep Boring, Undisturbed danDisturbed Sampling, SPT (Standar Penetration Test), CPT (Cone PenetrationTest/Sondir). Pengetesan dilakukan di lapangan dan di laboratorium mekanika tanah untukmengetahui sifat mekanik, ketebalan lapisan tanah dan sifat-sifat fisis lainnya guna perhitungan dayadukung pondasi. Hasil penyelidikan tanah di tiga titik bor didapatkan hasil rata-rata kedalaman tanahkeras -19,33 m dan daya lekat 3163,88 kg/cm?. Uji boring pada salah satu titik ditemukan lapisantanah keras pada kedalaman 32 m dengan nilai SPT maksimal 16. Maka dari data dapat ditentukanjenis pondasi yang sesuai adalah bored pile. Dikarenakan pondasi merupakan penopang strukturatas yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan/ settlement jika daya dukungnya tidak mampu menahanbeban di atasnya.INVESTIGATION OF STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL FOR FOUNDATIONDESIGN OF GAMMA IRRADIATORS CAPACITY 2 MCi. Soil investigation conducted before thework of irradiator building structural foundation design is initiated. Intake of sample was set at somepoint drill at Iradiator facility site to the disturbed soil layer or not disturbed. From the results of thissoil investigation will be selected as alternative / types, the depth and dimensions of the foundationof the most economical but still safe. Soil investigation method used was Deep Boring, undisturbedand disturbed sampling, SPT ( Standard Penetration Test ), CPT ( Cone Penetration Test / Sondir ).Testing conducted in the field and in the laboratory of soil mechanics to determine the mechanicalproperties, soil layer thickness and other physical properties for calculation of the bearing capacityof the foundation. The results of the soil investigation at the three-point drill showed the averagedepth of the bedrock -19.33 m and adhesion 3163.88 kg / cm?. Test boring at point BH1 found thebedrock at a depth of 32 m with a maximum SPT value 16. from the data can be determined theappropriate type of foundation is bored pile. The foundation is the upper structure support which canlead to a reduction / settlement if its bearing capacity is not able to withstand the load on it."

"Interfacial phenomena are commonplace in physics, chemistry, biology, and in various disciplines bridging these fields. They occur whenever a continuum is present which can exist in at least two different chemical or physical "states", and there is some mechanism which generates or enforces a spatial separation between these states. The separation boundary is then called an interface. In the examples studied here, the separation boundary, and its internal structure, result from the balance between two opposing tendencies: a diffusive effect which attempts to mix and smooth the properties of the material, and a physical or chemical mechanism which works to drive it to one or the other pure state. This volume is unique in that the treatment of flames, as well as internal layer dynamics "including curvature effects", is more detailed and systematic than in publications. Mathematicians and natural scientists interested in interfacial phenomena, especially flame theory, the mathematics of excitable media, electrophoresis, and phase change problems, will find Dynamics of Internal Layers and Diffusive Interfaces exceptionally useful."

"Ruang dialami oleh manusia melalui interaksi indera dan entitas dalam ruang. Pengalaman tersebut akan diolah melalui persepsi dan membentuk konstruksi ruang dalam pikiran manusia. Proses pembentukan anime sebagai media dua dimensi dapat dilihat sebagai hasil rekonstruksi pikiran kreator anime. Anime direkonstruksi melalui mental image, memori dan pengetahuan kreator dari dunia nyata yang dikomposisi melalui konfigurasi Teori Gestalt dalam multi-layers dan framing anime. Proses analisis dilakukan menggunakan cuplikan adegan anime guna melihat pembentukan ruang di dalamnya. Analisis dilakukan melalui bagaimana konfigurasi Teori Gestalt hadir dalam komposisi multi-layers dan framing guna membentuk visualisasi ruang anime sebagai proses rekonstruksi spasial kreator untuk menghasilkan visualisasi ruang tiga dimensi dalam media dua dimensi.

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Human feels space through interaction of senses and entities inside space. The experience will be processed through perception and construct the space in the human's mind. The process of forming anime as a two-dimensional medium can be seen as a result of anime creators' mind reconstruction. Anime is reconstructed through creators' mental images, memory and knowledge from the real world. Then, it is arranged through Gestalt Theory configuration in its composition of multi-layers and framing. The analysis process is using anime scenes to see the formation of space in it. The analysis is generated with how configuration of the Gestalt Theory is presented in composition of multi-layer and framing anime to form the space. This process is seen as creator's spatial reconstruction in order to produce a visualization image of three-dimensional space in two-dimensional media."

"Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have been considered as a potential semiconductor oxide material for the application of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Various experiments have been conducted to improve its nanostructural characteristics and functional properties in order to make it well suited for enhancing DSSC’ performance. Inspired by such studies, the ZnO nanorods array was grown on indium tin oxide (InSn2O3, ITO) substrate in the present work. For this purpose, a seed solution was prepared at low temperature (0oC) using zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine. The ZnO seed layers were deposited onto ITO glass using a spin-coating technique and further annealed at two different temperatures, 200 and 400 oC. The seeding was also varied between one, three and five layers, prior to the growing process using the chemical bath deposition method (CBD). The results showed that the annealing temperatures significantly influenced the ZnO nanorods’ growth. The optimal condition was achieved by using three seed layers annealed at 200oC, providing an average diameter of 157.58 nm, the biggest crystallite size (up to 59.63 nm), and a band-gap energy (Eg) of 3.27 eV. Based on the obtained properties, the growth of ZnO nanorods on ITO substrate in this work has the potential to be used for the application of dye-sensitized solar cells."

"PT. X merupakan fasilitas proses pengolahan hidrokarbon minyak dan gas di anjungan lepas pantai yang berlokasi di Pulau Jawa. Fasilitas pengolahan hidrokarbon minyak dan gas di PT. X merupakan fasilitas sumur anjungan yang mengandung gas bertekanan tinggi. Hal ini dapat memberikan dampak yang besar baik bagi fasilitas PT. X beserta keberlangsungan bisnis. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk perusahaan melakukan analisis Layers of Protection yang dapat mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan terutama major incidents.Tujuan dari studi ini adalah menentukan besar risiko yang terjadi akibat kegagalan Safety instrumented function (SIF) di anjungan lepas pantai PT.X berdasarkan skenario kegagalan yang telah diidentifikasi dan bagaimana evaluasi risiko terhadap Safety Instrumented Level (SIL) node Gas compressor dan KO drum pada pengolahan minyak dan gas PT.X tahun 2022. Metode Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) digunakan untuk Menghitung SIL dan menentukan apakah diperlukan Independent Protection Layers (IPL) tambahan untuk mencapai Risk Tolerance Criteria (RTC) dari PT.X. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 2 safety instrumented function (TSHH gas compressor dan LSHH KO drum) yang memiliki nilai SIL 1 yang berarti bahwa diperlukan penambahan IPL pada kedua SIF tersebut untuk mencapai RTC PT.X.

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PT. X is an oil and gas hydrocarbon processing facility on an offshore platform located in Java Island. PT. X facility is a well and processing platform facility that contains high pressure gas. Therefore, it is important for the company to conduct analysis regarding layers of protection that can prevent accidents, especially major incidents. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk that occurs due to the failure of the Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) on the PT.X offshore platform based on the SIF failure scenario that has been identified and to perform risk evaluation of its Safety Instrumented Level (SIL) in node Gas Compressor and KO drum at oil and gas processing facility. Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) method is used to calculate SIL and determine whether additional Independent Protection Layers (IPL) are required to achieve PT.X's Risk Tolerance Criteria (RTC). The results show that there are 2 safety instrumented functions (TSHH gas compressor and LSHH KO drum) which have SIL 1 which means that it is necessary to add IPL to both SIFs to achieve PT.X RTC."

"Hermeneutics is a theory that deals with text interpretation.This theory is commonly used as a method to understand a text althoughhermenutics itself does not explicity formulate the practical steps to understand to text

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