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"ABSTRACTPenumpang penyandang disabilitas selayaknya mendapatkan hak-hak sebagaimana mestinya dalam penyelenggaraan angkutan udara, namun seorang penumpang penyandang disabilitas bernama Dwi Ariyani diturunkan dari maskapai Etihad Airways akibat tidak bersama pendamping selama penerbangan. Permasalahan yang timbul adalah apakah ada peraturan terkait kewajiban pendampng bagi penumpang disabilitas pada penyelenggaraan angkutan udara baik nasional maupun Internasional, bagaimana perbandingan pada 4 maskapai penerbangan terkait syarat pengangkutan keajiban pendamping bagi penumpang disabilitas, dan apakah putusan Nomor 846/Pdt.G/2016/Jkt.Sel sudah tepat. Hasil penelitian saya adalah peraturan yang mengatur kewajiban pendamping bagi penumpang penyandang disabilitas terdapat dalam Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan PM Nomor 61 Tahun 2015, sedangkan standar acuan internanasional terdapat dalam dokumen 9984 yang dikeluarkan International Civil Aviation Organization dan dalam resolusi 700 yang dikeluarkan International Air Transport Association. Pada perbandingan syarat pengangkutan 4 maskapai penerbangan menyatakan bahwa maskapai Etihad Airways tidak menyebutkan ketentuan kewajiban pendamping bagi penumpang penyandang disabilitas. Perihal putusan pengadilan, penulis sependapat dengan Majelis Hakim, namun Majelis Hakim tidak lengkap dalam pertimbangannya yang mana Majelis Hakim tidak mempertibangkan tandar acuan pada IATA dan Majelis Hakim tdiak mempertimbangkan hak-hak konsumen yang diatur dalam Undang-undang Perlindungan Konsumen.

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ABSTRACTPassengers with disabilities should get the rights as they should in the operation of air transportation, but a passenger with a disability named Dwi Ariyani was dropped from Etihad Airways as a result of not being with a companion during the flight. The problem that arises is whether there are regulations related to the obligation of supporting disability passengers on the implementation of air transport both nationally and internationally, how is the comparison of the 4 airlines related to the terms of transportation of the companion obligation for disability passengers, and whether the decision Number 846/Pdt.G/2016/Jkt.Sel is right. The results of my research are that regulations governing companion obligations for persons with disabilities are included in Minister of Transportation Regulation PM 61 of 2015, while international reference standards are contained in document 9984 issued by the International Civil Aviation Organization and in resolution 700 issued by the International Air Transport Association. On the comparison of the terms of transport, 4 airlines stated that Etihad Airways did not mention the conditions for companion obligations for passengers with disabilities. Regarding the court's decision, the author agrees with the Panel of Judges, but the Panel of Judges is incomplete in its consideration where the Panel of Judges does not consider the reference standard on IATA and the Panel of Judges does not consider consumer rights stipulated in the Consumer Protection Act."

"Laporan magang ini membahas mengenai prosedur audit KAP OPQ atas akun penjualan PT XYZ, sebuah perusahaan maskapai penerbangan 31 Desember 2017. Secara lebih rinci, dibahas mengenai kebijakan akuntansi, prosedur audit, temuan audit, serta analisis atas siklus pendapatan PT XYZ dan proses audit KAP OPQ. Berdasarkan hasil proses audit, pengakuan pendapatan PT XYZ telah sesuai dengan PSAK 23, tetapi terdapat kelemahan internal control yang ditemukan dari proses penjualan PT XYZ, namun kebijakan akuntansi lainnya atas pendapatan PT XYZ telah sesuai dengan PSAK 23, serta prosedur audit yang dijalankan tim audit KAP OPQ telah sesuai dengan standar ISA yang berlaku.

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This internship report explains the audit process of KAP OPQ on revenue cycle in PT XYZ, an airlines company for the period ended December 31st, 2017. Furthermore, the report discusses the accounting policies, audit procedures, audit findings and analysis of revenue of PT XYZ. Based on the result of audit process, the revenue recognition of PT XYZ is in accordance with PSAK 23. There are also a weakness internal control from sales of PT XYZ. However, the other accounting policies on revenue from PT XYZ has been in accordance with PSAK 23 and also audit procedures from KAP OPQ has been in accordance with the applicable ISA standard."

"Etika memberikan serangkaian standar perilaku yang membatu kita mengambil keputusan dalam berbagai situasi. Dalam tesis ini, saya akan menganalisa Qantas dan laporan tahunan 2018 Qantas sebagai studi kasus untuk membahas lebih lanjut mengenai etika. Tugas ini akan pertama membahas mengenai apa saja pengaruh penting yang dimiliki pemegang saham terhadap dewan direksi. Kedua, daftar pelanggaran Qantas teradap standar Kode Etik dan Perilaku yang dimiliki Qantas. Selain itu, bagaimana Kode Etik Qantas sehubungan dengan Tata Kelola Sistem Informasi Qantas dapat menambah nilai bagi perusahaan tersebut. Selanjutnya, kepatuhan Qantas terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) dan tindakan-tindakan yang diambil untuk mematuhi Qantas Modern Act 2018. Terakhir, bagaimana kontribusi Qantas dalam Global Compact PBB.

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Ethics provides range of standard on behaviour to help us decide how we act in a various situation. In this assignment, I am going to analyse Qantas and its 2018 annual report as a case for further analysis on their compliance with ethics. This assignment will discuss on what influence major shareholders will have on the Board, a list of Qantas breaches of its Code of Conduct and Ethics. In addition, to what extend Qantas Code of Ethics in relation to Qantas Information System Governance can add value to the company. Furthermore, how are Qantas compliance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and major actions taken by Qantas to comply with Qantas Modern Act 2018. Lastly, how Qantas has been performing in the United Nations Global Compact. "

"Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan permintaan layanan penerbangan turun drastis dan menyebabkan penurunan pada layanan penerbangan komersial di dunia. Banyak maskapai menangguhkan operasi penerbangan mereka beberapa bulan setelah pandemi terjadi. Untuk bertahan, banyak maskapai merespons dengan menunda pengiriman pesawat baru, meng-grounded pesawat mereka, dan bahkan mengurangi armada mereka. Saat dunia pulih dari pandemi, maskapai penerbangan harus bersiap untuk kembali beroperasi. Pesawat yang di-grounded, masalah keuangan, dan ketidakpastian perjalanan udara menjadikan proses itu sendiri sebagai sistem dinamis yang kompleks. Kompleksitas tersebut mengganggu tujuan maskapai untuk kembali beroperasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan menganalisis kompleksitas proses return to operation maskapai. Untuk tujuan ini, penelitian mengembangkan model konseptual menggunakan causal loop diagram (CLD). Selanjutnya divisualisasikan melalui sistem diagram untuk menggambarkan permasalahan maskapai secara komprehensif. Hasil studi ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mengembangkan beberapa skenario intervensi kebijakan yang dapat membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused demand for flight services to drop dramatically and caused a decline in commercial flight services in the world. Many airlines were suspending their flight operation several months after the outbreak. To survive, many airlines respond by postponing new aircraft delivery, grounding their aircraft, and even reducing their fleet. When the world is recovering from the pandemic event, airlines must prepare for a return to operation. Grounded aircraft, financial issues, and air travel uncertainty made the process itself a complex dynamic system. Those complexity is interfering with the airline objective for returning into operation. This paper aims to understand and analyze the complexity of the airline return to operation process. For this purpose, the study develops a conceptual using the causal loop diagram. It is further visualized through a system diagram to illustrate the airline return to operation problem comprehensively. This study’s result can be used as the basis for developing several scenarios and policy interventions that can affect the process's objective."

"[Latar belakang: Stres kerja pada pramugari dapat menyebabkan gangguan durasi haid yang menimbulkan dampak psikologis sehingga performa kerja terganggu.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubunganterhadap gangguan durasi haid pada pramugari. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan metode convenient sampling dilakukanpada pramugari yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di BalaiKesehatan Penerbangan dan Garuda Sentra Medika tanggal 18?29 Mei 2015. Datagangguan durasi haid dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Stres diidentifikasi denganNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Generic Job StressQuestionnaire Mental Demands Form Number 11. Analisis dilakukan denganregresi Cox. Hasil: Sebanyak 393 dari 521 pramugari berusia 19?50 tahun setuju berpartisipasi,19 dieksklusi karena menderita gangguan durasi haid sebelum bekerja sehinggajumlah total 374 subyek dan 35,8% di antaranya menderita gangguan durasi haid.Stres kerja, jenis penerbangan dan usia merupakan faktor risiko yangberhubungan dengan gangguan durasi haid. Pramugari dengan stres kerjamemiliki risiko menderita gangguan durasi haid 58% lebih tinggi [risiko relatifsuaian (RRa)=1,58; confidence interval (CI)= 0.96-2.62; p=0,071]. Pramugaridengan jenis penerbangan jarak jauh dalam tiga bulan terakhir memiliki risikogangguan durasi haid 69% lebih tinggi (RRa=1,69; CI=1.17-2.43; p=0,004).Pramugari berumur 30?39 tahun memiliki risiko gangguan durasi haid 50% lebihrendah (RRa=0,50; CI=0.22-1.02; p=0,057). Kesimpulan: Pramugari dengan stres kerja, jenis penerbangan jarak jauh dalam tiga bulan terakhir dan berusia 19?24 tahun dibandingkan dengan usia 30?39 tahun memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terhadap gangguan durasi haid.;Background: Job stress on female flight attendants can lead to menstrualduration disorder and cause psychological effects that impaired workperformance. The research objective was to identify risk factors related tomenstrual duration disorder in female flight attendants. Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling was conducted onfemale flight attendants age 19?50 years who underwent routine medicalexamination at Civil Aviation Medical Center and Garuda Sentra Medika,Jakarta on May 18-29 2015. Menstrual duration disorder data collected withquestionnaire. Stress was identified by using National Institute for OccupationalSafety and Health Generic Job Stress Questionnaire Mental Demands FormNumber 11. Relative risk was analyzed by Cox regression. Results: Among 521 female flight attendants age of 19-50 years old, 393 werewilling to participate in this study with 19 subjects were excluded and 35.8% fromtotal of 374 subjects had menstrual duration disorder. Job stress, flight type andage were the risk factors related to menstrual duration disorder. Subjects with jobstress and long haul flight within three months had higher risk for havingmenstrual duration disorder by 58% [adjusted relative risk (RRa)=1.58;confidence interval (CI)= 0.96-2.62; p=0.071] and 69% (RRa=1.69; CI=1.172.43;p=0.004) respectively. Those between age 30-39 years old had 50% lessrisk of having menstrual duration disorder (RRa=0.50; CI=0.22-1.02; p=0.057). Conclusion: Female flight attendants with job stress, long haul flight within three months and younger age had higher risk to be menstrual duration disorder. , Background: Job stress on female flight attendants can lead to menstrualduration disorder and cause psychological effects that impaired workperformance. The research objective was to identify risk factors related tomenstrual duration disorder in female flight attendants. Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling was conducted onfemale flight attendants age 19–50 years who underwent routine medicalexamination at Civil Aviation Medical Center and Garuda Sentra Medika,Jakarta on May 18-29 2015. Menstrual duration disorder data collected withquestionnaire. Stress was identified by using National Institute for OccupationalSafety and Health Generic Job Stress Questionnaire Mental Demands FormNumber 11. Relative risk was analyzed by Cox regression. Results: Among 521 female flight attendants age of 19-50 years old, 393 werewilling to participate in this study with 19 subjects were excluded and 35.8% fromtotal of 374 subjects had menstrual duration disorder. Job stress, flight type andage were the risk factors related to menstrual duration disorder. Subjects with jobstress and long haul flight within three months had higher risk for havingmenstrual duration disorder by 58% [adjusted relative risk (RRa)=1.58;confidence interval (CI)= 0.96-2.62; p=0.071] and 69% (RRa=1.69; CI=1.172.43;p=0.004) respectively. Those between age 30-39 years old had 50% lessrisk of having menstrual duration disorder (RRa=0.50; CI=0.22-1.02; p=0.057). Conclusion: Female flight attendants with job stress, long haul flight within three months and younger age had higher risk to be menstrual duration disorder. ]"

"The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the overall aviation industry. However, the industry has been showing some signs of recovery which is showed by the increasing number of global airline capacity with 28% from last year. Asia region itself holds the largest share for seat capacity at over 36.8% in 2023. Whilst Indonesia is the largest shareholder with a value reaching 28.8% in southeast Asia. Statistic also said, there was an increase in passenger volume by an average of 10.1% annually in Indonesia. The trend of increasing volume of airline passengers is dominated by low-cost carriers (LCC). PT. X as one of the Indonesian LCC airline, experienced an increase 7.53 million in terms of total passenger in 2021, an increase of 37.16% compared to 2020. Nevertheless, the costs incurred by PT. X will increase due to the increasing number of passengers. From overall expenses, the fuel cost dominated and accounts for 44% of it. With the increasing number of passenger and current number of aircraft and routes, PT. X wants to maximize the aircraft utilization while still minimizing the cost on the route being traversed and to apply the one-day cycle aircraft routing. In this case, researchers use the Tail Assignment Problem approach with the objective function to minimize the total cost of the assigned flights to the airplane, combined with the constraints experienced by the company as an optimization model used to solve the company's problems. The results of the optimization model can reduce costs by 0.70%, influenced by the selection of the most optimal aircraft to operate the existing flights. Additionally, an increase in the number of aircraft was found based on the indicator of block hours greater than or equal to 5 hours and the initial position airport matching the latest position, compared to the current conditions implemented by the company, while also providing automatic Tail Assignment.

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Pandemi COVID-19 telah memberikan dampak signifikan pada industri penerbangan secara keseluruhan. Namun, industri ini mulai menunjukkan tanda-tanda pemulihan dengan adanya peningkatan jumlah kapasitas maskapai global sebesar 28% dibanding tahun lalu. Wilayah Asia sendiri memiliki pangsa terbesar untuk kapasitas tempat duduk, mencapai lebih dari 36,8% pada tahun 2023. Selain itu, Indonesia merupakan pemegang jumlah terbesar dengan nilai mencapai 28,8% di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Statistik juga menunjukkan adanya peningkatan volume penumpang rata-rata sebesar 10,1% setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Tren peningkatan volume penumpang pesawat didominasi oleh LCC (Low-Cost Carrier). PT. X sebagai salah satu maskapai LCC di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan jumlah penumpang sebesar 7,53 juta pada tahun 2021, meningkat sebesar 37,16% dibanding tahun 2020. Namun, biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh PT. X akan meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penumpang. Dari total biaya, biaya bahan bakar mendominasi dan menyumbang 44% dari total biaya tersebut. Dengan peningkatan jumlah penumpang dan jumlah pesawat serta rute yang ada saat ini, PT. X ingin memaksimalkan penggunaan pesawat sambil tetap meminimalkan biaya pada rute yang dilalui dan menerapkan penjadwalan pesawat dalam one-day cycle. Dalam hal ini, para peneliti menggunakan pendekatan Tail Assignment Problem dengan fungsi objektif untuk meminimalkan total biaya penerbangan yang ditugaskan kepada pesawat, dikombinasikan dengan kendala yang dialami oleh perusahaan sebagai model optimasi yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah perusahaan. Hasil dari model optimasi tersebut dapat mengurangi biaya sebesar 0,70%, dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan pesawat yang paling optimal untuk mengoperasikan penerbangan yang ada. Selain itu, ditemukan peningkatan jumlah pesawat berdasarkan indikator block hour yang lebih besar atau sama dengan 5 jam dan posisi awal bandara yang sesuai dengan posisi terakhir, dibandingkan dengan kondisi saat ini yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan, serta menyediakan Tail Assignment secara otomatis."