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"Penelitian untuk mengembangkan galur Rhitopars stofonifer UICC 137 dengan mutogen etil metan sulfonat telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan berbagai variasi dosis dan waktu pemaparan mutagen yang berbeda. Seleksi mutan secara acak dilakkukan terhadap biakan dengan persen kesintasan terkecil. Mutan Gt20 dan Gt40 menunjukkan aktivitas 11alpha hidroksilase lebih besar dibanding dengan galur inangnya. Mutan Ct20 dan Gt40 stabil hingga generasi keempat baik pada penyimpanan dalam ruangan dingin (2-3oC stiap generaso 25 hari) maupun pada penyimpanan dalam inkubator (30oC setiap generasi 10 hari).

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We described here an ethyl methane sulphonate mutagenesis of Rhizopus stolonifer UICC 137 for biotransforming progesterone to 11a-hydroxyprogesterone.Mutagenesis was carried out by using various doses and treatment intervals. Randomized screening method was performed to select the mutants,then the mutants were tested for 11a-hydroxylase activities mutants of Gt20 and Gt40 gave relatively higher biotransformation yield compared to parents strain and both mutants were stable up to fourth generation when they maintained in a cool chamber(203oC. 25 days each generation) and in an incubator (30 oC.10 days each generation)."

"Penelitian ini difokuskan pada aspek ¬aspek kinetika dekomposisi metana dalam reaktor DBD koaksial yang terbuat dari kuarsa dan elektroda stainless steel. Reaksi berlangsung pada tekanan atmosfer dan laju alir umpan 250 cc/menit. Konversi metana semakin stabil pada volume reaktor yang besar dan tegangan yang rendah. Dekomposisi optimal diperoleh pada reaktor 55,4 cc dengan tegangan 9,5 kV. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa laju reaksi dipengaruhi oleh tegangan reaktor, 9,5 kV memberikan laju reaksi yang paling besar. Laju reaksi dekomposisi dan formasi metana masing¬masing dipengaruhi waktu tinggal. Laju reaksi tersebut tidak dapat dimodelkan dengan pendekatan reaksi elementer.

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This experiment is focused in kinetic aspects of methane decomposition through coaxial DBD reactor made from quartz dielectric and stainless steel electrodes. Reaction occurs at atmospheric pressure and 250 cc/min feed flow rate. Methane conversion is more stable in the larger reactor volume and lower voltage. Optimal decomposition is obtained in 55,4 cc reactor and 9,5 kV voltage. The data showed that reaction reaction rate is affected by reactor voltage, 9,5 kV results the fastest reaction rate. Both decomposition and formation rate of methane are affected by residence time. Those reaction rates model can?t be developed well with elementary reaction approach."

"Pemodelan Impedansi Akustik untuk Karakterisasi Reservoar Coalbed Methane pada daerah X di Riau dilakukan dengan menggunakan seismik inversi. Pada studi ini data seismik diinversi menjadi nilai impedansi akustik yang diturunkan dari data sumur untuk mengubah data volume seismik menjadi data volume impedansi akustik. Inversi model base digunakan untuk melakukan proses tersebut. Hasil dari proses inversi dapat memperkirakan keberadaan lapisan batubara yang dalam hal ini menjadi reservoar yang dicari. Kajian dalam terhadap hasil inversi ditekankan pada reservoar batubara yang terdapat pada lapisan batu pasir pada pengendapan pada formasi muara enim. Identifikasi reservoar pada data log sumur memperlihatkan indikasi yang jelas pada kedalaman antara 460 sampai 465 meter untuk Coal 1, dan juga pada kedalaman 604 ? 628 meter untuk Coal 2. Hasil inversi memperlihatkan bahwa distribusi nilai impedansi akustik mampu membantu mendeliniasi sebaran reservoar coalbed methane.

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Reservoir Charactization of Coalbed Methane Using Acoustic Impedance Modeling of X Field, Riau is done by using seismic inversion. In this study the seismic inversion is constrained by well to change the volume of seismic data to the data volume of acoustic impedance. In this study model base inversion of seismic method is used to perform the inversion process. The inverted result is used as process to delinieate coal layering that as the reservoir.

This study is pointed out on sand reservoir, which was deposited at Muara Enim formation. Reservoir identification from log data shows a clear indication of reservoir at depths of 460 m - 465 m for Coal 1 and at depths of 604 m ? 628 m for Coal 2. AI inversion results are expected to help delineate the distribution of the Coalbed Methane reservoir."

"Potensi gas CBM di Kalimantan Tengah dapat digunakan sebagai pasokanbahan bakar pembangkit PLTGU namun belum adanya standarisasi harga jual gasCBM menyebabkan nilai keekonomian dari pembangkit berbahan bakar CBMperlu dikaji khususnya untuk harga produksi listrik yang cukup sensitif terhadapharga bahan bakar.Dalam perencanaan pengembangan pembangkit di Pulang PisauKalimantan Tengah akan dibangun pembangkit berkapasitas 2 x 60 MW, denganmemperhatikan produk pabrikan yang ada maka pembangkit yang dipilih adalahpembangkit berkapasitas 2 x 64 MW dengan total kapasitas 130,7 MW.Evaluasi pembangunan pembangkit PLTGU 130,7 MW dilakukan untukmenentukan harga produksi listrik dari kegiatan pembangkitan menggunakancadangan CBM yang ada. Evaluasi akan dilakukan dengan analisa sensitifitasharga listrik terhadap perubahan harga gas CBM dan nilai IRR. Harga listrik akandibandingkan dengan pembangkit PLTD, PLTU dan PLTGU Konvensional.Berdasarkan perhitungan dalam model finansial didapatkan kenaikan harga gas 1US$/Mmbtu, harga listrik akan naik 0,007 US$/KWh. Untuk harga gas CBM7US$/Mmbtu pada base case IRR sebesar 14% Interest Rate 10% didapatkanharga listrik PLTGU sebesar 0,083 US$/KWh.Pada kondisi base case harga listrik PLTGU dengan CBM mampubersaing dengan PLTD. Meskipun lebih rendah, harga listrik PLTU akan jauhmeningkat jika eksternalitas dimasukan dalam komponen biaya. Dan keterbatasanbahan bakar gas yang menyebabkan harga listrik PLTGU tinggi dapat ditekandengan memanfaatkan gas CBM sebagai bahan bakar alternatif.

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CBM gas potential in Central Kalimantan can be used as a combined cycle

power plant fuel supply, but the lack of standardization of CBM gas price led to

the economic value of the CBM-fired plants need to be studied in particular for

the production of electricity prices is quite sensitive to fuel prices.

In planning the development of plants at Home Knives Central Kalimantan

plant will be built with a capacity of 2 x 60 MW, taking into account the

manufacturer's product then selected plants are plants with a capacity of 2 x 64

MW with a total capacity of 130.7 MW.

Evaluation of 130,7 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant construction is

done to determine the price of electricity production from generation activities

using existing CBM reserves. Evaluation will be conducted with sensitivity

analysis to changes in electricity prices CBM gas prices and the value of IRR.

Electricity prices will be compared with diesel generators, combined cycle power

plant and Conventional. Based on the calculation of the financial model obtained

gas price increase 1 U.S. $ / MMBTU, electricity prices will go up 0.007 U.S. $ /

kWh. For CBM gas price 7US $ / MMBtu in the base case IRR of 14% Interest

Rate 10% Combined Cycle Power Plant electricity prices obtained for 0.083 U.S.

$ / kWh.

In the base case conditions with CBM CCGT electricity prices competitive

with diesel. Although lower, the price at the plant will be much improved if

externalities are included in the cost components. And limitations of the fuel gas

combined cycle causing high electricity prices could be reduced by utilizing the

CBM gas as an alternative fuel."

"Pada tesis dilakukan kajian sebuah pembangkit listrik berbahan bakar gas. Dimana pembangkit ini merupakan sebuah model yang ada dekat mulut tambang gas coalbed methane (CBM). Penggunaan gas CBM ini merupakan tindakan pencarian alternatif bahan bakar untuk pembangkit listrik dikarenakan harga minyak dunia bergerak naik. Biaya pembangkitan yang ditanggung oleh pembangkit sangat tergantung dari harga bahan bakar pembangkit, Dari hasil perhitungan memperlihatkan bahwa biaya modal pembangkit adalah $30.690.000 untuk kapasitas 30.000 watt dengan faktor kapasitas 85%. Dengan total biaya pembangkit adalah $37.037.617 dengan biaya bahan bakar sebesar 3,5 c$/MMbtu Untuk penjualan listrik dari pembangkit ini diperlukan harga jual melebihi harga pembangkitan untuk mendapat keuntungan atau profit. Maka diperhitungkan IRR dan NPV untuk mengetahui apakah ekonomis atau tidak. Nilai dari NPV adalah $48.392.350 dengan IRR sebesar 18% . Payback periodenya adalah 3,5 tahun (3 tahun 6 bulan) Dengan anilisis sensitifitas didapat hasil optimum dengan harga jual listrik 8 c$/kWh, suku bunga 8%, harga gas CBM 6,6 $/MMbtu. Menghasilkan nilai NPV sebesar $38.725.771 dan IRR 14%

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In this Thesis, a study about power utility using Coalbed methane Gas is conducted. A gas-fired power utility model is made for this study. The use of coalbed methane as the fuel is an alternative solution for power generation due to world oil price started to climb. The Generation cost of utility is very depended with the fuel cost. From the calculation results show that the plant capital cost is $ 30,690,000 for a capacity of 30,000 watts with a capacity factor of 85%. With a total cost of generation is $ 37,037,617 with the fuel cost of 3.5 c $ / MMbtu For the sale price of electricity from the power plant required the sale price exceeds the price of generation for the benefit or profit. Then calculated IRR and NPV to determine whether or not economical. NPV is the value of $ 48,392,350 with an IRR of 18%. The payback period is 3.5 years (3 years 6 months) With sensitivity analysis the oprimum setting is 8 cent$/kWh for the selling price, interest rate at 8% and the CBM gas price is 6,6 $/MMbtu. Net present value is $38.725.771 and IRR 14%"

"[ABSTRAKPemodelan numerik berdasarkan komputasi dinamika fluida (CFD) pada reaktor autothermal diteliti untuk meningkatkan kinerja unit industri gas sintesis dari bahan baku metana. Seluruh reaktor monolit yang dimodelkan memiliki bagian channel dan pelat. Pemodelan Simulasi dilakukan dengan memvariasikan komposisi umpan, temperatur umpan serta tekanan. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa profil konsentrasi metana dipengaruhi oleh temperatur umpan, rasio umpan dan tekanan gas. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi didapatkan konversi metana dan yield syngas optimal pada temperatur umpan 1200 K , rasio umpan O2/CH4 0,5-0,6 dan tekanan 1 bar.

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ABSTRACTNumerical modeling based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the autothermal reactor unit investigated to improve the performance of industrial gas methane synthesis of raw materials. The whole reactor monolith being modeled has a channel section and plate. Simulation modeling is done by varying the feed composition, feed temperature and pressure. The simulation results show that the methane concentration profile is influenced by the feed temperature, feed ratio and gas pressure. Based on simulation results obtained conversion of methane and syngas yield optimum feed temperature 1200 K, the feed ratio of O2 / CH4 0.5-0.6 and a pressure of 1 bar.;Numerical modeling based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the autothermal reactor unit investigated to improve the performance of industrial gas methane synthesis of raw materials. The whole reactor monolith being modeled has a channel section and plate. Simulation modeling is done by varying the feed composition, feed temperature and pressure. The simulation results show that the methane concentration profile is influenced by the feed temperature, feed ratio and gas pressure. Based on simulation results obtained conversion of methane and syngas yield optimum feed temperature 1200 K, the feed ratio of O2 / CH4 0.5-0.6 and a pressure of 1 bar.;Numerical modeling based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the autothermal reactor unit investigated to improve the performance of industrial gas methane synthesis of raw materials. The whole reactor monolith being modeled has a channel section and plate. Simulation modeling is done by varying the feed composition, feed temperature and pressure. The simulation results show that the methane concentration profile is influenced by the feed temperature, feed ratio and gas pressure. Based on simulation results obtained conversion of methane and syngas yield optimum feed temperature 1200 K, the feed ratio of O2 / CH4 0.5-0.6 and a pressure of 1 bar., Numerical modeling based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the autothermal reactor unit investigated to improve the performance of industrial gas methane synthesis of raw materials. The whole reactor monolith being modeled has a channel section and plate. Simulation modeling is done by varying the feed composition, feed temperature and pressure. The simulation results show that the methane concentration profile is influenced by the feed temperature, feed ratio and gas pressure. Based on simulation results obtained conversion of methane and syngas yield optimum feed temperature 1200 K, the feed ratio of O2 / CH4 0.5-0.6 and a pressure of 1 bar.]"