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Abstrak :
In Mentawa areas there are indications that the U mineralization associated with tourmaline, quartz, sulfide minerals that fill the fracture aperture, on the rocks metasilt, and filit with the direction of WNW-ESE, the thickness milimetric-centrimetic with radioactivity 500-15000 c/s SPP 2 NF. The purpose of this study is to know the characters, parageneses and the process of formation of uranium minerals. The method used by microscopic observation of several examples of thin sections and polished sections of the previous research results. The study shows that uranium minerals are uraninite, associated with molybdenite, magnetite, rutile, ilmenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, tourmaline, garnet, quartz and mineral pikblende associated with arsenopyrite, covelite, hematite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, tourmaline, quartz fill in cracks in rocks biotite and biotite schist. Mineral associations indicate that the process of formation of uranium mineralization occurs in three phases: pegmatik pneumatolitik, and hydrothermal alteration.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Salah satu pengawet yang sering digunakan adalah formalin, untuk mengawetkan jaringan dan kadaver. Secara materi fiksatif, formalin terbukti berfungsi dengan baik, tetapi juga bersifat volatil, iritatif, toksik, serta karsinogenik. Oleh karena itu, teknik pengawetan kadaver lain perlu dikembangkan. Studi eksperimental ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan dua larutan (CaCl2 dan gliserin) bebas formalin sebagai pengawet lanjutan untuk jaringan hati tikus Sprague Dawley dengan larutan pengawet standar berformalin. Pengamatan yang dilakukan berupa pengamatan makroskopik, yaitu konsistensi organ dan keberadaan jamur serta mikroskopik untuk mengetahui jaringan nekrosis dan abnormalitas. Hasil studi menunjukkan hati yang diawetkan dengan larutan CaCl2 berakhir dengan konsistensi yang jelek. Hati yang diawetkan dengan larutan pengawet standar dan larutan gliserin menunjukkan konsistensi yang baik. Pada permukaan larutan CaCl2 ditemukan jamur, tetapi tidak dalam larutan dan hati yang terendam. Pada larutan gliserin dan larutan pengawet standar tidak ditemukan jamur. Pemeriksaan mikroskopik menunjukkan gambaran abnormal pada hati yang diawetkan dengan larutan gliserin maupun larutan pengawet standar. Kesimpulan dari studi ini adalah larutan CaCl2 memiliki efek pengawet yang lebih buruk dibandingkan dengan formalin dan larutan gliserin memiliki efek pengawet yang sebanding dengan larutan standar berformalin.

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ABSTRACT
Formaldehyde is one of the preservative materials that are commonly used for tissues, organs, and cadavers. Even though it has excellent fixative characteristic, formaldehyde is also volatile, irritative, toxic, and carcinogenic. Due to such reason, new formaldehyde-free preservative materials should be developed. This study aimed to compare formaldehyde-free solutions (CaCl2 and glycerine) as advance preservative materials to formaldehyde-based preservative (standard preservative solution), using liver tissues were extracted from Sprague Dawley rats as the preserved materials. Observations done in this research were macroscopic observation, which composed of consistency and presence of fungi, and microscopic observation that swas done to detect any necrotic or abnormal structure in cellular level. This study showed that livers preserved using CaCl2 has bad consistency compared to Standard Preservative solution as the control. Liver tissues preserved in standard preservative solution and glycerine solution showed good result. Microscopic results showed that all of the livers preserved in both glycerine and standard preservative solution have abnormal cellular structure. Presence of fungi was only positive on the surface of the CaCl2 solutions. Fungi were not found on surface of both solution preserved in glycerine solution and standard preservative solution. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CaCl2 solution provide worse preservative effect compared to formaldehyde, while highly concentrated glycerine has similar preservative effect compared to formaldehyde-based solution

Abstrak :
Kebutuhan akan refrigeran sekunder yang dapat menyerap kalor dengan nilai tinggi sangatlah penting saat ini. Ice slurry sebagai media refrigeran sekunder memiliki kelebihan yang lebih unggul dibandingkan refrigeran sekunder lainnya seperti flat ice, block ice, maupun air tawar. Ice slurry dapat menyerap kalor lebih banyak jika dibandingkan dengan air tawar maupun air laut biasa, ini dikarenakan ice slurry menyimpan lebih banyak kalor laten. Jika dibandingkan dengan flat ice, maupun block ice, ice slurry memiliki keunggulan yaitu ice slurry dapat dialirkan menggunakan sistem perpipaan. Ini dikarenakan ice slurry merupakan larutan yang memiliki partikel es mikroskopis di dalamnya dengan fraksi es tertentu. ...... The secondary refrigerant which could absorb high amount of heat is very important and highly required. Ice slurry is an advanced secondary refrigerant media which is superior from other secondary refrigerant such as flat ice, block ice, or pure water. Ice Slurry can adsorb more heat if compared towards pure water or sea water. It is possible because Ice Slurry holds more latent heat. When compared towards flat ice or block ice, ice slurry is better in the flexible side because it able to be flowed by pipes. Its flexibility is caused of its form as a liquid which has microscopic ice particle inside with sorted ice fraction.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang. Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit infeksi di daerah tropis yang terabaikan (neglected infectious diseases) akibat vektor hewan dan kondisi lingkungan. Prevalensi di negara beriklim tropis, khususnya Indonesia cukup tinggi namun tidak terdiagnosis dengan baik. Diagnostik pasti sulit didapat karena uji baku emas leptospirosis, MAT (microscopic agglutination test), di Indonesia masih terbatas aksesnya dan uji alternatif belum banyak diteliti efektifitasnya. Metode. Penelitian ini menguji kinerja dua jenis alat diagnostik terbaru yaitu tes cepat berbasis IgM (Leptodipstick), dan PCR (polymerase chain reaction) terhadap gen lipl32 dan secY Leptospira dibandingkan uji baku emas MAT pada populasi Indonesia. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien dewasa rawat inap di RSCM pada tahun 2016-2018 yang memenuhi kriteria klinis leptospirosis WHO dan diujikan dengan MAT, tes cepat Leptospira, dan PCR Leptospira. Penelitian ini bersifat potong lintang, dengan variable yang diteliti meliputi data demografi, manifestasi klinis, paparan pekerjaan, paparan vektor ataupun lingkungan, serta hasil pemeriksaan MAT, tes cepat, dan PCR terhadap Leptospira. Hasil: Terdapat total 30 subjek yang ikut dalam penelitian dengan 11 (36,7%) meninggal dunia. Berdasarkan uji baku emas MAT, 14 (46,67%) dinyatakan reaktif terhadap antibodi Leptospira. Tes cepat Leptospira mendapat nilai sensitivitas 85,71% (95%IK: 57,19-98,22%), serta spesifisitas 62,50% (95%IK: 35,43%-84,80%), dan area di bawah kurva ROC 0,741 (95%IK: 0,549-0,883). Pemeriksaan PCR terhadap gen lipl32, sensitivitas 85,71% (95%IK: 57,19-98,22%), spesifisitas 18,75% (95%IK: 4,05-45,65%), dan area di bawah kurva ROC 0,522 (95%IK: 0,333 – 0,707). Pemeriksaan PCR gen secY, sensitivitas 71,43% (95%IK: 41,90-91,61%), spesifisitas 12,50% (95%IK: 1,55-38,35%), dan area di bawah kurva ROC 0,580 (95%IK: 0,371-0,789). Secara umum, semua uji memiliki sensitivitas yang memuaskan, namun spesifisitas yang buruk dibandingkan dengan MAT. Spesifisitas yang rendah dapat dikaitkan dengan onset penyakit yang sebagian besar berada pada fase akut sehingga belum dapat terdeteksi dengan alat uji yang berbasis antibodi. Kesimpulan. Spesifisitas tes cepat Leptospira dengan IgM maupun PCR terhadap gen lipl32 dan secY Leptospira sebagai alat penapisan cukup baik. Perlu dilakukan penelitian kinerja diagnostik lanjutan berdasarkan onset penyakit. ......Background. Leptospirosis is a neglected infectious disease transmitted by animal vectors and environment. The prevalency in  tropical Asia-Pacific country, including Indonesia was high. The gold standard test for leptospirosis was microscopic agglutination test (MAT), very limited distribution in Indonesia. Methods. This study compares the diagnostic profiles of two new diagnostic tools, an IgM-based rapid test (Leptodipstick) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the genes lipl32 and secY of the Leptospira genome, to MAT as the gold standard, in the Indonesian population. Adult inpatients of RSCM in the years 2016-2018 with conformity to the WHO clinical criteria for leptospirosis and undergo MAT test, Leptospira rapid test, and Leptospira PCR were enrolled in the study. The study was cross-sectional with the examined variable were demographic data, clinical manifestation, occupational exposure, exposure towards animal vectors or environmental conditions, and results of the MAT, Leptospira rapid test, and Leptospira PCR. Results. The study enrolled 30 participants, with 11 (36,7%) deceased in the study period. Based on MAT, 14 participants (46,67%) were considered reactive for Leptospira antibodies. The Leptospira rapid test has a sensitivity of 85.71% (95%CI: 57.19-98.22%), and specificity of 62.50% (95%CI: 35.43%-84.80%), and the area under the ROC curve of 0.741 (95%CI: 0.549-0.883). PCR for the gene lipl32 showed a sensitivity of 85.71% (95%CI: 57.19-98.22%), specificity of 18.75% (95%CI: 4.05-45.65%), and area under the ROC curve of 0.522 (95%CI: 0.333-0.707). PCR for the gene secY showed a sensitivity of 71.43% (95%CI: 41.90-91.61%), specificity of 12.50% (95%CI: 1.55-38.35%), and area under the ROC curve of 0.580 (95%CI: 0.371-0.789). Generally, all tests showed a satisfactory sensitivity, yet very low specificity compared to MAT. Area under the curve showed a low (PCR) to moderate (rapid test) diagnostic value for each test. Low specificity may be tied to the onset of the disease of the study sample that most of them are on acute phase which cannot detected by the alternative test with antibody basis. Conclusion. The diagnostic parameters of the Leptospira IgM rapid test, and Leptospira PCR with the genes lipl32 and secY are still satisfactory to be used as early diagnostic tools in cases of leptospirosis.

Abstrak :
Petugas laboratorium Puskesmas Rujukan Mikroskopis merupakan tenaga yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan program P2TB dilingkungan wilayah kerja Sumatera Barat. Oleh karena itu tenaga laboratorium haruslah terampil dan memiliki kinerja yang baik. Tolok ukur kinerja adalah tingkat kesalahan pemeriksaan mikroskopis basil uji silang yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Sumatera Barat bekerja sama dengan Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Padang. Masih tingginya angka tingkat kesalahan di Sumatera Barat menunjukkan bahwa petugas laboratorium puskesmas terutama laboratorium PRM di Sumatera Barat belum memperlihatkan hasil yang diharapkan, dengan perkataan lain kinerja petugas laboratorium PRM belum baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diperolehnya informasi tentang kinerja petugas laboratorium PRM Berta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kinerja petugas laboratorium PRM di Sumatera Barat. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah pembinaan pimpinan, prosedur tetap, masa kerja, beban kerja, motivasi dan sarana kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah petugas laboratorium PRM yang ada di Sumatera Barat yaitu sebanyak 40 petugas. Data yang dikumpulkan merupakan data primer yang dilakukan dari 9 Oktober sampai 11 November 2000. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja petugas laboratorium PRM di Sumatera Barat baik 57,5%. Faktor pembinaan pimpinan, prosedur tetap, masa kerja, motivasi kerja dan kelengkapan sarana mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan kinerja petugas laboratorium. Sedangkan pembinaan pimpinan merupakan faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kinerja petugas. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar pembinaan oleh pimpinan dengan cara merobah pola manajemen puskesmas yang ada sekarang.

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Relationship of Factors with the Performance of Laboratory Workers of Microscopic Referral Community Health Center in West Sumatera in the Year 2000Microscopic Referral Community Health Center laboratory workers are very important personnel in achievement of P2TB program in the work area of West Sumatera. Therefore, the laboratory workers must be skillful and have good performance. The performance standard of the laboratory workers is the level of inaccuracy of the result of cross-microscopic examination done by the Health Office of the West Sumatera Province in cooperation with Padang Health Laboratory Center. The high level of inaccuracy in West Sumatera indicates that the community health center laboratory workers especially the PRM laboratory in West Sumatera have not indicated good result, in other words, the performance of the PRM laboratory is not good yet. The purpose of this research is to obtain information regarding the performance of the PRM laboratory workers and factors related to the performance of the PRM laboratory workers in West Sumatera. The factors are guidance by the leaders, fixed procedure, tenure, work load, motivation and facilities. This research used the cross sectional design. Sample of this research is the PRM laboratory workers that are available in West Sumatera namely 40 workers. The data collected are primary one and it was conducted from October 9 to November 11, 2000. The research result indicates that the PRM laboratory workers in West Sumatera who have good performance are 57.5%. The factors such as guidance by the leadership, fixed procedure, tenure, work motivation and availability of facilities have significant relationship with the performance of laboratory workers. While the leadership training is a predominant factor that affects the workers performance. This research suggests that guidance by the leader needs to be done better, in order to change the management pattern of the existing community health center.